Lingo‐1 Inhibited by RNA Interference Promotes Functional Recovery of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Lingo‐1 is a negative regulator of myelination. Repairment of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS)/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), requires activation of the myelination program. In this study, we observed the effect of RNA interference on Lingo‐1 expression, and the impact of Lingo‐1 suppression on functional recovery and myelination/remyelination in EAE mice. Lentiviral vectors encoding Lingo‐1 short hairpin RNA (LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA) were constructed to inhibit Lingo‐1 expression. LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA of different titers were transferred into myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced EAE mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. Meanwhile, lentiviral vectors carrying nonsense gene sequence (LVCON053) were used as negative control. The Lingo‐1 expression was detected and locomotor function was evaluated at different time points (on days 1,3,7,14,21, and 30 after ICV injection). Myelination was investigated by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining.LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA administration via ICV injection could efficiently down‐regulate the Lingo‐1 mRNA and protein expression in EAE mice on days 7,14,21, and 30 (P < 0.01), especially in the 5 × 10⁸ TU/mL and 5 × 10⁹ TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA groups. The locomotor function score in the LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA treated groups were significantly lower than the untreated or LVCON053 group from day 7 on. The 5 × 10⁸ TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA group achieved the best functional improvement (0.87 ± 0.11 vs. 3.05 ± 0.13, P < 0.001). Enhanced myelination/remyelination was observed in the 5 × 10⁷, 5 × 10⁸, 5 × 10⁹ TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA groups by LFB staining (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05).The data showed that administering LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA by ICV injection could efficiently knockdown Lingo‐1 expression in vivo, improve functional recovery and enhance myelination/remyelination. Antagonism of Lingo‐1 by RNA interference is, therefore, a promising approach for the treatment of demyelinating diseases, such as MS/EAE. Anat Rec, 297:2356–2363, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Comparison of subarachnoid anesthetic effect of emulsified volatile anesthetics in rats

Spinal cord is an important target of volatile anesthetics in particular for the effect of immobility. Intrathecal injection of volatile anesthetics has been found to produce subarachnoid anesthesia. The present study was designed to compare spinal anesthetic effects of emulsified volatile anesthetics, and to investigate the correlation between their spinal effects and general effect of immobility. In this study, halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane were emulsified by 30% Intralipid. These emulsified volatile anesthetics were intravenously and intrathecally injected, respectively. ED₅₀ of general anesthesia and EC₅₀ of spinal anesthesia were determined. The durations of general and spinal anesthesia were recorded. Correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the anesthetic potency of volatile anesthetics between their spinal and general effects. ED₅₀ of general anesthesia induced by emulsified halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane were 0.41 ± 0.07, 0.54 ± 0.07, 0.74 ± 0.11 and 0.78 ± 0.08 mmol/kg, respectively, with significant correlation to their inhaled MAC (R² = 0.8620, P = 0.047). For intrathecal injection, EC₅₀ of spinal anesthesia induced by emulsified halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane were 0.35, 0.27, 0.33 and 0.26 mol/L, respectively, which could be predicted by the product of inhaled MAC and olive oil/gas partition coefficients (R² = 0.9627, P = 0.013). In conclusion, potency and efficacy of the four emulsified volatile anesthetics in spinal anesthesia were similar and could be predicted by the product of inhaled MAC and olive oil/gas partition coefficients (MAC × olive oil/gas partition coefficients).     

钟摆矫治器联合颊侧推簧远移磨牙的疗效分析

目的：评价钟摆矫治器联合颊侧推簧远移磨牙的疗效.方法：选择40例牙性安氏Ⅱ类错（牙合）畸形的患者,随机均分为两组：钟摆矫治器联合颊侧推簧远移磨牙组（组1）和头帽口外弓远移磨牙组（组2）,在治疗开始前（T0）和远移磨牙完成时（T1）分别拍摄侧位头影定位片进行头影测量,t检验分析组内和组间的差异.结果：组1和组2远移磨牙的平均距离分别是（4.48±1.63） mm、（2.68±1.71） mm;组1和组2磨牙远中倾斜的平均角度分别是5.46°±3.23°、1.02°±2.16°;组1上颌中切牙未发生明显的唇倾和唇向移位,而组2上颌中切牙发生了较为明显的腭侧移位.结论：钟摆矫治器联合颊侧推簧远移磨牙可有效防止前牙支抗的丧失、控制磨牙的近中颊侧旋转.     

冷光漂白对光固化复合树脂表面微硬度和表面粗糙度的影响

目的:研究冷光漂白对4种光固化复合树脂表面微硬度和表面粗糙度的影响。方法:取临床常用的4种复合树脂(Gradia Direct、Z350XT、Premisa、Précis),分别制备成直径10 mm,厚2 mm的圆片状试件。从每种试件中各取20个试件,将其各随机分成两组(n=10),实验组接受冷光漂白处理,另一组不作任何处理,置于蒸馏水中作为对照;漂白处理结束后,用显微显微硬度计检测各组各试件的表面微硬度。然后再分别从每种树脂试件中各取3个试件,分别在冷光漂白处理前和处理后用原子力显微镜(AFM)对各试件表面进行扫描,检测其表面粗糙度。用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据(±s)进行统计分析。结果:4种树脂试件经冷光漂白处理后表面微硬度值均较其对照组明显降低(P<0.05);冷光漂白后,各试件的表面粗糙度值均明显变大(P<0.05)。结论:冷光漂白处理可降低复合树脂的表面微硬度,并使其表面粗糙度增大。     

药物性牙龈增生与胶原代谢失衡的相关性研究进展

药物性牙龈增生(drug-induced gingival overgrowth,DIGO)是指长期服用某些特定药物而引起的牙龈纤维性增生和体积增大,其发病机制尚不清楚。目前研究表明,胶原的合成和降解失衡与药物性牙龈增生有密切关系。本文就药物性牙龈增生与胶原代谢失衡的相关研究进展作一综述。     

孤独症患者口腔诊疗中的行为控制与治疗方式选择

孤独症是在儿童发育过程中社会行为、语言、兴趣等多方面出现的一类神经精神发育障碍性疾病，近年来，各方资料显示其患病率不断增长。由于孤独症患者存在特殊的口腔疾病表现，诊疗中需要特殊的行为控制并选择合适的治疗方式，加之社会、家庭等多方面因素影响了其口腔保健和疾病的诊治，所以了解一定的临床处理原则和方法对口腔医生非常必要。本文主要针对诊疗中的行为控制技术和治疗方式的选择作一综述。     

传动直丝弓技术矫治骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形的初步研究

目的 探讨传动直丝弓技术治疗骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形的特点.方法 20例经传动直丝弓技术治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形患者,分析其治疗前后的头颅定位侧位片,评价患者矫治前后软硬组织的变化,总结传动矫正技术的特点.结果 与矫治前对比,矫治患者侧貌和咬合关系有明显改观.矫治后的Wits值由（-2.45±1.78） mm改善为（-1.13±0.92）mm,ANB角由（-1.25±1.63）°增大为（0.78±2.79）°,矫治前后的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.矫治后患者上、下唇突点到SnPg’平面的距离之差由（-3.38±1.48）mm变为（2.09±1.55） mm,面型角由（2.75±1.47）°变为（7.51±1.87）°,矫治前后的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 传动直丝弓技术是治疗骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）畸形的有效手段.