Curcumin co-treatment ameliorates resistance to gefitinib in drug-resistant NCI-H1975 lung cancer cells

Objective

To examine whether a combinative treatment with curcumin enhances the effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib on cell proliferation, clonogenic capacity and apoptosis in the drug-resistant lung cancer cell line NCI-H1975, and further investigate the molecular mechanisms involved.

脑内表达的CYP450 基因参与内源性物质代谢

细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)为一类亚铁血红素蛋白超家族,其参与多种内源性及外源性物质(食物成分?药物及污染物等)的代谢与活化?关于CYP450 基因,以往的研究主要集中在药物代谢方面,近年来的研究发现CYP450 家族成员的作用不仅仅局限于药物代谢,还参与多种疾病的发生及发展进程,包括帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)?癌症?心肌病及心衰等?目前,关于脑组织内CYP450 家族成员参与内源物质代谢的过程及机制尚不十分清楚?本文特总结了脑内表达的CYP450 基因对机体内源物质代谢的研究进展,以期为探索脑内表达的CYP450 基因的作用提供新的思路?     

全凭静脉麻醉与吸入麻醉对甲状腺手术喉返神经监测的影响

目的 探讨全凭静脉麻醉和吸入麻醉对甲状腺手术喉返神经功能监测的影响。方法 50例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、年龄18~60岁、拟行甲状腺癌根治术的女性患者随机平均分为两组：全凭静脉麻醉组（P组）和吸入麻醉组（S组）。P组和S组麻醉维持分别采用异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼和七氟烷复合芬太尼。术中以肌颤搐（TW）恢复的比值（%）来监测肌肉松弛程度（0% TW代表完全肌肉松弛）。记录两组患者0% TW的持续时间（T₀）以及恢复至5% TW、10% TW、20% TW和30% TW的时间（T₅、T₁₀、T₂₀、T₃₀），在上述肌肉松弛条件下的喉返神经监测指标（EMG0、EMG5、EMG10、EMG20、EMG30）。记录两组患者术中出现体动反应的人数以及血流动力学变化情况。结果 P组患者的T₀、T₅、T₁₀、T₂₀和T₃₀均明显短于S组（P<0.05）。喉返神经监测指标在两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。P组患者首次诱发出喉返神经监测肌电信号的时间（35.6±4.7min）明显早于S组（44.4±4.5min）（P<0.05）。P组患者的体动反应人数（2名）明显少于S组（9名）（P<0.05）。P组患者的收缩压最高值（147.3±11.8mmHg，1mmHg=0.133kPa）和最大上升幅度（12.5%±8.6%）亦明显低于S组（157.2±10.9mmHg、18.0%±9.4%）（P<0.05）。结论 与吸入麻醉相比较，全凭静脉麻醉有利于更早地获得喉返神经监测肌电信号，而且血流动力学相对平稳、患者体动反应少，更适合于喉返神经监测手术的麻醉。     

Effect of survivin on tumor growth of colorectal cancer in vivo

Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family regulates two critical processes in neoplastic transformation, namely, cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to detect the effect of survivin on tumor growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) in vivo. We found that inhibition of survivin by interference decreased the sizes and weights of xenografts in nude mice. The number of apoptotic cells of the shRNA survivin group was higher than that of the black group and the shRNA control group. The downregulated expression of survivin decreased the expression levels of bcl2 and ki67. Our results indicated that inhibition of survivin significantly enhanced the inhibition of tumor growth and induced apoptosis. Survivin is an attractive target for CRC treatment.     

Analysis of the factors affecting lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Objective: To analyze the factors affecting lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of rectal neuroendocrine tumors after surgical treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the clinical data from 156 cases of rectal neuroendocrine tumors during the period of January 1999 to December 2013. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival time, Cox regression analysis was performed for statistical analysis of clinicopathological factors that may be associated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis, and correlation analysis was carried out using binary logistic regression. Results: The overall 5-year survival rate of the entire group was 95.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that the depth of invasion was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001). The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 7.7% (12/156), and logistic regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis was related to the depth of invasion (P = 0.003) and tumor diameter (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The surgical approach of rectal neuroendocrine tumors should be selected based on a comprehensive consideration of factors such as tumor size, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis.     

Roles of genetic variants in the PI3K/PTEN pathways in susceptibility to colorectal carcinoma and clinical outcomes treated with FOLFOX regimen

The genetic or abnormal activation of PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway play an important role with regard to disease progression in variety of human malignancies. Experimental and epidemiologic studies indicated that the genetic polymorphisms in the PTEN, PI3K genes are associated with cancer risk, yet little evidence exists for those 2 genes and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To address this, we evaluated whether PTEN rs701848, PIK3CA rs2699887 variants are associated with CRC susceptibility, clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes in CRC patients treated with FOLFOX (Oxaliplatin, Leucovorin, 5-Fluorouracil) regimen. A case-control study was performed in 780 CRC patients and 764 healthy controls using the TaqMan assay method. A significant increased risk of CRC was observed in patients carrying PTEN rs701848 TC or CC genotype (adjusted OR=1.306, 95% CI=1.030-1.655, P=0.027; adjusted OR=1.543, 95% CI=1.148-2.075, P=0.004, respectively), TC/CC genotype (adjusted OR=1.367, 95% CI=1.090-1.714, P=0.043) in the dominant model, and C allele (adjusted OR=1.229, 95% CI=1.067-1.416, P=0.004). However, no association was detected between rs2699887 in the PIK3CA gene and CRC risk. A significant association was found between pathological grade (Dukes A and B vs. Dukes C and D) and PIK3CA rs2699887 genotypes. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that PTEN rs701848 genotypes were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients treated with FOLFOX regimen (n=780). Individuals carrying PTEN rs701848 TC or TC/CC genotypes showed significantly longer median survival time (MST) than TT genotype and significant hazard ratio (TC: adjusted HR=0.523, 95% CI=0.325-0.840, P=0.007; TC/CC: adjusted HR=0.545, 95% CI=0.351-0.845, P=0.007). Therefore, rs701848 polymorphism in the PTEN gene is associated with susceptibility to CRC, and C allele of rs701848 showed significant independent better prognosis of CRC patients treated with FOLFOX regimen. These results indicate that rs701848 in the PTEN gene might be a candidate pharmacogenomic factor to assess the susceptibility and prognosis in CRC patients.     

伴癌与非伴癌胃高级别上皮内瘤变全基因表达谱的比较

目的 比较伴癌患者的胃高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)与非伴癌患者的胃HGIN组织全基因表达谱的差异。方法 收集北京协和医院2010年3月至2013年5月间行放大染色胃镜检查的21例患者的标本,胃镜活检组织病理均为HGIN。21例患者均行内镜黏膜下剥离术,病理示10例为HGIN,11例为HGIN伴部分癌变。采用4×44K人全基因表达谱芯片,用非配对t检验和Benjamini-Hochberg假发现率(FDR)校正筛选差异基因,采用GeneSpring GX 12.6进行基因本体(GO)富集分析。结果 伴癌HGIN与非伴癌HGIN组织的全基因表达谱比较,共有差异基因470个(P＜0.05,倍数变化＞2),其中表达上调的基因180个,表达下调的基因290个。上调基因GO富集主要与三酰甘油合成、甘油酯合成、中性脂质合成、甘油醚代谢、有机醚代谢及甘油酯类代谢有关。结论 脂质代谢改变可能是胃癌发生的早期事件。     

两种人乳头状瘤病毒检测方法的比较

目的 评价导流杂交和实时荧光定量（real-time）PCR对宫颈癌患者HPV感染检测的临床意义.方法 采用导流杂交和real-time PCR分别对190例患者进行HPV感染检测,并对检测结果进行分析.结果 在190例检测标本中,导流杂交法检测出113例HPV阳性,阳性检出率为59.5％,筛查宫颈癌的敏感度为58.1％,特异度为39.2％,阳性预测值为47.8％,阴性预测值为49.4％.real-time PCR检测出106例阳性,阳性检出率为55.8％,筛查宫颈癌的敏感度为54.8％,特异度为43.3％,阳性预测值为48.1％,阴性预测值为50.0％.导流杂交和real-time PCR检出的HPV阳性率差异无统计学意义,而且一致性检验显示两种方法具有较高的一致性（符合率为87.9％）.结论 本研究结果表明,导流杂交和real-time PCR方法检测HPV未表现出较大的差异,在宫颈癌筛查中可以将两种方法结合使用,以提高检测的准确性,降低漏诊率.     

乳腺影像学的现状与使命

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。乳腺影像学在乳腺癌的诊断、治疗方案的选择、疗效的评估及治疗后随诊监测中均具有重要作用。该文以国内外大量文献作为依据，对乳腺影像学常用检查方法（乳腺X线摄影、乳腺超声检查、乳腺MRI、PET-CT及其他乳腺影像技术）其临床应用的现状进行了较为全面而简要的阐述，作者结合自己的临床实践，针对乳腺影像学未来的发展趋势及使命提出了自己的见解。     

北京市朝阳区2010-2012年麻疹野毒株分子流行特征分析

目的 了解近三年北京市朝阳区流行的麻疹野病毒分子流行特征,为本地区消除麻疹提供科学依据.方法 采集北京市朝阳区2010-2012年麻疹疑似病例的咽拭子和（或）尿液标本接种vero/SLAM细胞,对分离的麻疹病毒用逆转录及聚合酶链反应扩增麻疹病毒核蛋白（N）基因羧基末端676个核苷酸片段,对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定和分析,并以羧基末端450个核苷酸片段构建基因亲缘关系树,进行遗传距离及核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分析.结果 分离出18株麻疹病毒,均为H1基因型,H1a亚型.这18株野毒株之间核苷酸同源性为98.2％～100.0％（核苷酸差异为0～8bp）,氨基酸变异范围为0～2.7％（氨基酸差异为0～4AA）.与H1a亚型参考毒株Chin9322相比,核苷酸变异范围为0.7％～1.6％（核苷酸差异为3 ～7 bp）.18株野毒株共有7种基因序列,其中2010年5种、2011年1种、2012年3种基因序列.V2基因序列出现在2010和2012年的病例中,V7序列出现在2010和2011年的病例中.其余5种序列只在单一年份的病例中检出.结论 北京近年来流行的本土麻疹病毒为H1a亚型,当年相同基因序列的一组病例提示有麻疹传播链的存在.北京市朝阳区存在基因序列完全相同的麻疹野毒株在2010、2012年循环出现.