Clinicopathologic significance of LAIR-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim

Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is an immune inhibitory receptor which is expressed within most types of hematopoietic cells and negatively regulates immune responses. Recently, we found LAIR-1 expression to be present within tumors of nonhematopoietic lineages. However, the roles of LAIR-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of LAIR-1 in HCC tissue and assess its clinical significance at this site.

计划镇静在高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者程序化脱机中的应用

目的 研究计划镇静应用于高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者程序化脱机的临床效果。方法 将60例高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者分为对照组和计划镇静组，对照组患者按需镇静，计划镇静组患者实施计划镇静方案。两组患者在镇静过程中Richmond躁动-镇静量表评分的目标分值为-3～-1分,最终均行程序化脱机。结果 两组患者首次计划性气管插管拔除成功率分别为43%和80%，谵妄发生率分别为20%和7%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），而已拔管患者48h内再插率分别为7%和3%，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），两组患者首次计划性气管插管拔除后2h血气分析比较，计划镇静组明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者给予计划镇静，可以改善患者的临床转归，提高患者对治疗的依从性，减少气管插管的非计划性拔除率。     

中医情志护理对肝硬化消化道出血患者生活质量及负性情绪的影响

目的:探讨中医情志护理干预肝硬化消化道出血患者对其负性情绪以及生活质量的影响。方法:将80例肝硬化消化道出血患者按随机数字表法分为2组各40例。对照组实行基础护理,观察组实行中医情志护理,比对2组负性情绪以及生活质量改变情况。结果:经护理后,2组各项评分均较前改善,观察组活力、躯体疼痛、生理职能、生理功能、社会功能、精神健康、情感职能以及总体健康的分值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经护理后,2组负性情绪评分较前改善,观察组负性情绪评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对肝硬化消化道出血患者应用中医情志护理干预可帮助改善患者负性情绪,提高生活质量。     

Protective role of histone deacetylase 4 from ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA lesions

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a core factor that leads to skin disease or carcinogenesis through the insufficient repair of DNA lesions. UVB-induced DNA lesions are mainly removed by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is altered in the skin upon UVB exposure, indicating its possible implication in UVB-induced DNA lesions repair. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC4 in the NER removal of the main classes of UVB-induced DNA lesions consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs). We found that UVB irradiation increased HDAC4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. HDAC4 interacted with NER factor XPC, which played an important role in effectively removing the UVB-induced DNA lesions. This study provides an understanding of the HDAC4 function in DNA repair, which will allow the development of efficient strategies to protect the skin from UVR-induced diseases.     

多学科会诊模式在结肠癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的分析多学科会诊(MDT)模式对结肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复及并发症的效果评价。方法将2017年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者作为对照组,给予常规干预措施;将2018年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者为观察组,采取MDT模式干预。比较两组患者的胃肠功能恢复情况及一般围手术期指标;干预前和干预后2周,采用世界卫生组织生存质量评估量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估两组患者的生活质量;术后3天,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组患者腹胀发生情况;比较两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、禁食时间、伤口愈合时间、住院时间、术后下床时间均短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后2周,两组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均高于本组干预前,且观察组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3天,观察组患者的腹胀程度低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为6.0%,低于对照组患者的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论MDT模式干预可促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况,缩短伤口愈合时间及住院时间,降低术后并发症发生率,并改善了患者的生活质量。     

Immunotherapy choice and maintenance for generalized myasthenia gravis in China

AimsTo compare long‐term efficacy and safety of immunotherapeutic strategies as maintenance to prevent disease relapses of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) in real‐world settings.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study on generalized MG conducted in seven major neurological centers across China. Eligible participants were patients with generalized MG who were under minimal manifestation status or better. Main outcome measures were probability of patients free of relapses and causes of drug discontinuation.ResultsAmong 1064 patients enrolled, the median (interquartile range) age was 50.3 (37.0‐62.5) years and 641 (60.2%) were women. Disease relapse was significantly lower for rituximab (6.1%) compared with all the other monotherapies (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06 to 0.56, P = .0030). As combination therapies, tacrolimus in combination with corticosteroids reduced risk of disease relapses compared with azathioprine with corticosteroids (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.81, P = .0077) or mycophenolate mofetil with corticosteroids (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.67, P = .0020). Otherwise, lower‐dose corticosteroids or azathioprine as monotherapy significantly increased risk of disease relapses (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.94 to 3.99, P < .0001; HR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.23, P = .0003, respectively). The proportion of discontinuation was lowest in patients with rituximab (20.4%) as monotherapy and tacrolimus with corticosteroids (23.6%). Overall, combination treatment of immunosuppressants with corticosteroids had a lower rate of discontinuation compared with corresponding monotherapy (HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.71, P < .0001).ConclusionsRituximab as monotherapy and tacrolimus with corticosteroids displayed better clinical efficacy as well as drug maintenance to prevent disease relapses in patients with generalized MG.