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1.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals are diverse culturally and geographically but share a high prevalence of chronic illness, largely because of obstacles to high-quality health care. The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non-Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals for context, using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Overall cancer rates among AIAN individuals were 2% higher than among White individuals for incidence (2014 through 2018, confined to Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties to reduce racial misclassification) but 18% higher for mortality (2015 through 2019). However, disparities varied widely by cancer type and geographic region. For example, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates are 8% and 31% higher, respectively, in AIAN individuals than in White individuals despite lower incidence and the availability of early detection tests for these cancers. The burden among AIAN individuals is highest for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), for kidney cancer, and for colorectal cancer among indigenous Alaskans (91.3 vs. 35.5 cases per 100,000 for White Alaskans), who have the highest rates in the world. Steep increases for early onset colorectal cancer, from 18.8 cases per 100,000 Native Alaskans aged 20–49 years during 1998 through 2002 to 34.8 cases per 100,000 during 2014 through 2018, exacerbated this disparity. Death rates for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), as well as kidney cancer, were approximately two-fold higher among AIAN individuals compared with White individuals. These findings highlight the need for more effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic oncogenic infections and improve access to high-quality cancer screening and treatment for AIAN individuals. Mitigating the disparate burden will require expanded financial support of tribal health care as well as increased collaboration and engagement with this marginalized population.  相似文献   
2.
The analysis of mismatch repair proteins in solid tissue is the standard of care (SoC) for the microsatellite instability (MSI) characterization in endometrial cancer (EC). Uterine aspirates (UAs) or circulating-DNA (cfDNA) samples capture the intratumor heterogeneity and provide a more comprehensive and dynamic molecular diagnosis. Thus, MSI analysis by droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) in UAs and cfDNA can provide a reliable tool to characterize and follow-up the disease. The UAs, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue (FFPE) and longitudinal plasma samples from a cohort of 90 EC patients were analyzed using ddPCR panel and compared to the SoC. A high concordance (96.67%) was obtained between the analysis of MSI markers in UAs and the SoC. Three discordant cases were validated as unstable by ddPCR on FFPE samples. Besides, a good overall concordance (70.27%) was obtained when comparing the performance of the ddPCR assay on UAs and cfDNA in high-risk tumors. Importantly, our results also evidenced the value of MSI analysis to monitor the disease evolution. MSI evaluation in minimally invasive samples shows great accuracy and sensitivity and provides a valuable tool for the molecular characterization and follow-up of endometrial tumors, opening new opportunities for personalized management of EC.  相似文献   
3.
Spindler  L.  Alam  A.  Fathallah  N.  Rentien  A.-L.  Draullette  M.  Pommaret  E.  Thierry  M.-L.  Mituialy  A. El  Abbes  L.  Aubert  M.  Benfredj  P.  Far  E. Safa  Beaussier  H.  de Parades  V. 《Techniques in coloproctology》2022,26(2):143-146
Techniques in Coloproctology - The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of sinus laser therapy (SiLaT) for the treatment of pilonidal disease. All adult patients treated with SiLaT in our...  相似文献   
4.
本文目的是对述情障碍的发生机制及干预对策进行综述,以期为述情障碍的临床治疗和研究提供新的方向.述情障碍不仅与多种心身疾病有关,也广泛存在于抑郁症、焦虑症和进食障碍等精神疾病中,严重影响患者生活质量.本文从认知、神经和社会心理因素三个层面对述情障碍及其在不同疾病下的发生机制进行综述,并总结干预对策,旨在为述情障碍的临床治疗提供参考.  相似文献   
5.
6.
目的 探讨杂交手术在治疗累及弓部的Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)中的有效性和安全性。方法 前瞻性描述性研究。纳入2020年1月—2021年9月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院血管外科确诊为累及弓部的TBAD患者。其中男16例,女5例;年龄32~81(59.7±12.9)岁。患者均采用外科转流术和胸主动脉腔内修复术相结合设计的新的杂交手术治疗。观察指标:患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中转流血管通畅情况、有无Ⅰ型内漏、术后卧床时间、住院费用、术后住院时间、术后并发症以及死亡等指标。术后随访观察有无支架移位、再干预、支架内血栓形成、支架内再狭窄、移植物感染、各型内漏,转流血管通畅情况及真腔通畅情况。结果 患者手术均成功,术中均未出现Ⅰ型内漏。手术时间为(156.5±19.7)min,术中出血量为(70.2±25.6)mL,术后卧床时间为(4.3±1.7)d。11例患者使用人工血管行转流术,术后住院时间为(9.6±3.1)d,住院费用为(16.6±3.8)万元;另外10例使用自体大隐静脉,术后住院时间为(14.1±6.3)d,住院费用(剔除2例左颈总动脉植入支架病例)为(13.0±1.2)万元。21例患者术后仅1例出现腔隙性脑梗死,其余均未出现内脏缺血、下肢缺血、急性心功能不全、脑卒中、肺动脉栓塞、脑梗死、肺部感染和急性肾损伤等并发症,无死亡病例。21例患者术后随访时间为6~12(10.9±2.4)个月,所有患者支架无偏移,未发现内漏,支架段主动脉形态优良、真腔及血管旁路血流顺畅。患者均无再干预、支架内血栓形成、支架内再狭窄、移植物感染等情况发生。结论 在短中期的疗效观察中,杂交手术治疗累及弓部的TBAD安全、有效。  相似文献   
7.
8.

Background

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical aspect to consider when making treatment decisions for patients with non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL). This international study by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) tested the psychometric properties of two newly developed measures for patients with high-grade (HG)- and low-grade (LG)-NHL: the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and the EORTC QLQ-NHL-LG20 to supplement the core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30).

Methods

Overall, 768 patients with HG-NHL (N = 423) and LG-NHL (N = 345) from 12 countries completed the QLQ-C30, QLQ-NHL-HG29/QLQ-NHL-LG20 and a debriefing questionnaire at baseline, and a subset at follow-up for either retest (N = 125/124) or responsiveness to change (RCA; N = 98/49).

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable to good fit of the 29 items of the QLQ-NHL-HG29 on its five scales (symptom burden [SB], neuropathy, physical condition/fatigue [PF], emotional impact [EI], and worries about health/functioning [WH]), and of the 20 items of the QLQ-NHL-LG20 on its four scales (SB, PF, EI, and WH). Completion took on average 10 minutes. Test–retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group comparisons, and RCA find satisfactory results of both measures. A total of 31%–78% of patients with HG-NHL and 22%–73% of patients with LG-NHL reported symptoms and/or worries (e.g., tingling in hands/feet, lack of energy, and worries about recurrence). Patients reporting symptoms/worries had substantially lower HRQOL compared to those without.

Discussion

The use of the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20 questionnaires in clinical research and practice will provide clinically relevant data to better inform treatment decision-making.

Plain language summary

  • The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group developed two questionnaires.
  • These questionnaires measure health-related quality of life.
  • The questionnaires are for patients with high-grade or low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • They are called the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20.
  • The questionnaires are now internationally validated.
  • This study demonstrates that the questionnaires are reliably and valid, which are important aspects of a questionnaire.
  • The questionnaires can now be used in clinical trials and practice.
  • With the information gathered from the questionnaires, patients and clinicians can better evaluate treatments and discuss the best choice for a patient.
  相似文献   
9.
Thomas Behrens  Calvin Ge  Roel Vermeulen  Benjamin Kendzia  Ann Olsson  Joachim Schüz  Hans Kromhout  Beate Pesch  Susan Peters  Lützen Portengen  Per Gustavsson  Dario Mirabelli  Pascal Guénel  Danièle Luce  Dario Consonni  Neil E. Caporaso  Maria Teresa Landi  John K. Field  Stefan Karrasch  Heinz-Erich Wichmann  Jack Siemiatycki  Marie-Elise Parent  Lorenzo Richiardi  Lorenzo Simonato  Karl-Heinz Jöckel  Wolfgang Ahrens  Hermann Pohlabeln  Guillermo Fernández-Tardón  David Zaridze  John R. McLaughlin  Paul A. Demers  Beata Świątkowska  Jolanta Lissowska  Tamás Pándics  Eleonora Fabianova  Dana Mates  Vladimir Bencko  Lenka Foretova  Vladimír Janout  Paolo Boffetta  Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita  Francesco Forastiere  Kurt Straif  Thomas Brüning 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2023,152(4):645-660
There is limited evidence regarding the exposure-effect relationship between lung-cancer risk and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or nickel. We estimated lung-cancer risks in relation to quantitative indices of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel and their interaction with smoking habits. We pooled 14 case-control studies from Europe and Canada, including 16 901 lung-cancer cases and 20 965 control subjects. A measurement-based job-exposure-matrix estimated job-year-region specific exposure levels to Cr(VI) and nickel, which were linked to the subjects' occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study, age group, smoking habits and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. Due to their high correlation, we refrained from mutually adjusting for Cr(VI) and nickel independently. In men, ORs for the highest quartile of cumulative exposure to CR(VI) were 1.32 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.15-1.45) in relation to nickel. Analogous results among women were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.48-2.24) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.60-2.86), respectively. In men, excess lung-cancer risks due to occupational Cr(VI) and nickel exposure were also observed in each stratum of never, former and current smokers. Joint effects of Cr(VI) and nickel with smoking were in general greater than additive, but not different from multiplicative. In summary, relatively low cumulative levels of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel were associated with increased ORs for lung cancer, particularly in men. However, we cannot rule out a combined classical measurement and Berkson-type of error structure, which may cause differential bias of risk estimates.  相似文献   
10.
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