特纳综合征患者骨质疏松的研究进展

特纳综合征(TS)是女性常见的性染色体异常疾病,与多种疾病共存。越来越多的证据表明TS患者有较高的骨质疏松患病率,本文就近年来TS中骨质疏松的危险因素及管理治疗的相关研究进展做一综述。     

维生素D3辅助治疗哮喘合并呼吸道感染对气道重塑及免疫功能影响

目的分析维生素D₃辅助治疗哮喘合并呼吸道感染对气道重塑及免疫功能的影响。 方法选取我院2020年1月至2021年1月收治的56例哮喘患者为对象，随机分为两组，其中采取常规治疗为对照组24例，采用维生素D₃辅助治疗为观察组32例。比较两组临床疗效，咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、胸闷以及肺内哮鸣声消失时间，T细胞亚群变化以及气道重塑指标变化，比较不良反应发生情况。 结果观察组临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组，同时咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、胸闷以及肺哮鸣音等消失时间明显好于对照组(P<0.05)；观察组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应率差异(P>0.05)。 结论使用维生素D₃辅助治疗哮喘合并呼吸道感染可增强患者的免疫功能，延缓气道重塑纤维化进程，安全性高。     

Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from the Plasma of Vietnamese Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Some Potential Biomarkers

Background: Considering the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the objective of this study was to examine the potential of plasma-derived vesicles as a source of lung cancer-specific proteins. Extracellular vesicle (EV) cargos are specific to the source cells, hence they have the potential of being a source of cancer-specific proteins.  Methods: The proteins differently expressed in cancer were determined and derived from EVs isolated from the plasma of NSCLC patients at the National Lung Hospital. To this end, purification was done using gel filtration chromatography and ultracentrifugation. In addition, nano liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used for analyzing. Results: Fifty-seven EV-derived proteins related to NSCLC were highlighted in this research. Some of them have not been addressed before, such as EEF1A1 (elongation factor 1-α1), KPNB1 (Importin subunit beta 1), SRC (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase) and ACTC1 (actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1). This list was further confirmed through a comparison with ExoCarta and Vesiclepedia. Conclusion: This study is the first work to show the involvement of several novel proteins of small EV (EEF1A1, KPNB1, SRC, and ACTC1) in the progression of NSCLC. The results suggested that they could serve as novel biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer in the future.     

人脑胶质母细胞瘤miR-4516表达与病人预后的关系

目的 探讨人胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）组织微小核糖核酸-4516（miR-4516）的表达情况及其与病人预后的关系。方法选取 2015年 1月~2019年 5月手术切除的 GBM组织 89例和颅脑损伤内减压术切除的非肿瘤脑组织 35例为对照组，采用 qRT-PCR检测 miR-4516的表达水平，根据 miR-4516表达水平的中位数分为高表达和低表达。GBM病人术后随访 2年，记录生存情况。结果 GBM组织 miR-4516表达水平（[ 5.32±1.75）]明显高于对照组（[ 1.13±0.45）；P<0.01]。术后 2年随访，42例（47.19%）生存，47例 47（52.81%）死亡。多因素 Cox回归分析显示，miR-4516高表达是 GBM生存预后病例的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。生存曲线分析显示 miR-4516高表达组 2年累积生存率（27.45%）明显低于低表达组（73.68%；P<0.001）。结论 GBM组织 miR-4516表达增高，其高表达是病人预后不良的危险因素。     

Pure laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation: Dreams come true

Minimally invasive approaches are increasingly being applied in surgeries and have recently been used in living donor hepatectomy. We have developed a safe and reproducible method for minimally invasive living donor liver transplantation, which consists of pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and pure laparoscopic implantation of the graft, which was inserted through a suprapubic incision. Pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy without liver fragmentation was performed in a 60-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The explanted liver was retrieved through a suprapubic incision. A modified right liver graft, procured from his 24-year-old son using the pure laparoscopic method, was inserted through a suprapubic incision, and implantation was performed intracorporeally throughout the procedure. The time required to remove the liver was 369 min, and the total operative time was 960 min. No complications occurred during or after the surgery. The patient recovered well, and his hospital stay was of 11 days. Pure laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation from explant hepatectomy to implantation was performed successfully. It is a feasible procedure when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplantation team. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its safety and feasibility.

     

右美托咪定联合综合体温保护对腔镜手术治疗老年恶性肿瘤患者苏醒期质量及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定联合综合体温保护对腔镜手术治疗老年恶性肿瘤患者苏醒期质量及免疫功能的影响。方法 选择择期行腔镜手术治疗的老年恶性肿瘤患者90例，随机均分为3组：对照组（C组）、体温保护组（T组）和体温保护联合右美托咪定组（T-D组），每组30例。C组常规体温保护，T组和T-D组综合体温保护；T-D组麻醉诱导前10 min泵注右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg。记录3组患者麻醉诱导开始时（T₀）、手术开始30 min（T₁）、60 min（T₂）、90 min（T₃）、120 min（T₄）以及手术结束时（T₅）的鼻咽温度；于T₀、术后2 h（T₆）、24 h（T₇）和48 h（T₈）时抽取静脉血标本，测定T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD8⁺）和自然杀伤细胞（NK cell）水平；记录患者术中麻醉药物用量及苏醒期质量指标。结果 与T₀比较，C组T₂～T₅时点鼻咽温度均明显降低（P < 0.05）；与C组比较，T组和T-D组T₂～T₅时点鼻咽温度明显升高（P < 0.05）。与T₀时点比较，C组、T组和T-D组T₆、T₇和T₈时点CD3⁺和NK cell活性均明显降低（P < 0.05）；C组在T₆、T₇和T₈时点，T组和T-D组在T₆和T₇时点，CD4⁺活性均明显降低（P < 0.05）。与C组比较，T组和T-D组T₆和T₇时点CD3⁺细胞活性均明显升高（P < 0.05）；T组在T₇时点，T-D组在T₆和T₇时点，CD4⁺细胞活性均明显升高（P < 0.05）；T组在T₇时点，T-D组在T₆、T₇和T₈时点，NK cell活性均明显升高（P < 0.05）。结论 采用体温保护措施联合右美托咪定能够维持老年恶性肿瘤患者的体温稳定，减少围手术期意外低体温（IPH）的发生，并有效提高患者苏醒期质量，减轻免疫抑制程度，加速患者早期恢复。