HBV两种感染模式患者血清CG、β2—MG测定的意义

目的探讨血清ALT、CG、β2-MG浓度变化对HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性(A组)及HBsAg、HBeAb、HB鄄cAb阳性(B组)的乙型病毒性肝炎的监测价值。方法将180例HBV感染者按乙型病毒性肝炎感染模式分为A组(94例)和B组(86例)二组,同时选取健康人43例作为对照组。测定血清ALT、CG、β2-MG浓度,采用ELISA法检测HBV标记物;酶法测定ALT;放射免疫法测定CG、β2-MG。结果①与健康对照组比较,A组和B组ALT、CG、β2-MG均有显著性差异(P﹤0.01);②A组ALT、CG、β2-MG与B组比较有显著性差异(P﹤0.01)。结论测定血清CG、β2-MG可较早期、较全面的反映乙肝患者肝脏损伤程度,在临床应用中是具有较强实用性的血清学指标。     

赤灵芝的致突变性试验

使用赤灵芝的水提取液、乙醇（３０％）提取液进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核和雄小鼠精子畸变等三种致突变试验。剂量为１０００μｇ．皿＾－１和５０００μｇ／皿＾－１的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复试验的结果为阴性。小鼠在服用７５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的水提取液或２５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的醇提取液时，微核试验和精子畸变试验结果均为阴性。     

Change in chromatogram patterns after volatilization of some aroclors, and the associated quantitation problems

PCBs with the highest vapor pressures (fewest chlorines) in Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254 and 1268 were enriched in the vapor phase relative to the original Aroclor during volatilization from a glass surface for up to 8 hr. PCBs with the lowest vapor pressures (most highly chlorinated) were enriched in the corresponding residue. Thus, visual matching of gas chromatograms with those of Aroclor standards may not be sufficient to identify a specific Aroclor since the past history of a sample is often unknown. The enrichment also was detected using isomeric classes, but not using total chlorine content. The perchlorination method and the Webb-McCall method using all chromatographic peaks agreed quantitatively; this was not always so for the NIOSH multiple peaks and the Webb-McCall methods.     

The use of urine proteomic and metabonomic patterns for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis and bacterial cystitis

The advent of systems biology approaches that have stemmed from the sequencing of the human genome has led to the search for new methods to diagnose diseases. While much effort has been focused on the identification of disease-specific biomarkers, recent efforts are underway toward the use of proteomic and metabonomic patterns to indicate disease. We have developed and contrasted the use of both proteomic and metabonomic patterns in urine for the detection of interstitial cystitis (IC). The methodology relies on advanced bioinformatics to scrutinize information contained within mass spectrometry (MS) and high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectral patterns to distinguish IC-affected from non-affected individuals as well as those suffering from bacterial cystitis (BC). We have applied a novel pattern recognition tool that employs an unsupervised system (self-organizing-type cluster mapping) as a fitness test for a supervised system (a genetic algorithm). With this approach, a training set comprised of mass spectra and 1H-NMR spectra from urine derived from either unaffected individuals or patients with IC is employed so that the most fit combination of relative, normalized intensity features defined at precise m/z or chemical shift values plotted in n-space can reliably distinguish the cohorts used in training. Using this bioinformatic approach, we were able to discriminate spectral patterns associated with IC-affected, BC-affected, and unaffected patients with a success rate of approximately 84%.     

Comparison of screening methods for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and their prevalence among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in Hong Kong

Three tests, the disk diffusion test, the double-disc synergy test and the inhibitor-potentiated disc diffusion test, were compared for their abilities to detect production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in 702 Escherichia coli and 472 Klebsiella spp. strains from four hospitals. Eleven percent E. coli and 13% Klebsiella spp. were found to produce ESBL. As an indicator of ESBL activity, the sensitivities of the five extended-spectrum beta-lactams were as follows: cefotaxime (100%), cefpodoxime (99.3%), ceftriaxone (98.6%), aztreonam (93%) and ceftazidime (57.7%) when interpreted using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria. Their positive predictive values ranged from 67.8-83.8%. Both the inhibitor-potentiated disc diffusion test and the double-disc synergy test (at three inter-disc widths of 20, 25 and 30 mm) were capable of identifying all the ESBL-producers. However, at a single inter-disc width of 30 mm, the double-disc synergy test has limited sensitivity (83.8%). As a second test for confirming ESBL activity in strains with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams, the inhibitor-potentiated disc diffusion test is therefore a simple and reliable option.     

Territorywide Study of Early Coronavirus Disease Outbreak,Hong Kong,China

Initial cases of coronavirus disease in Hong Kong were imported from mainland China. A dramatic increase in case numbers was seen in February 2020. Most case-patients had no recent travel history, suggesting the presence of transmission chains in the local community. We collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data from 50 patients, who accounted for 53.8% of total reported case-patients as of February 28, 2020. We performed whole-genome sequencing to determine phylogenetic relationship and transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. By using phylogenetic analysis, we attributed the community outbreak to 2 lineages; 1 harbored a common mutation, Orf3a-G251V, and accounted for 88.0% of the cases in our study. The estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of local coronavirus disease outbreak was December 24, 2019, with an evolutionary rate of 3.04 × 10⁻³ substitutions/site/year. The reproduction number was 1.84, indicating ongoing community spread.     

Glove Permeation Tests Using Novel Microchemical Techniques for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) Derivatives

The aim was to assess the permeation of different herbicide emulsion concentrate formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as 60.8 and 83.5% butoxyethyl ester (BEE) and 46.8% dimethyl amine salt (DMAS) through four types of glove materials (lined unsupported nitrile, unlined unsupported butyl, Silver Shield laminate, and Viton). This entailed the development of new microchemical techniques to allow sensitive capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the permeated herbicide. The 2,4-D DMAS was esterified to the methyl ester by boron trifluoride-methanol complex with 99.2 ± 3.7% efficiency using microwave heating to minimize reaction time and to process microsamples. The GC/MS detection limit was 5 ng/ml (ppb) of 2,4-D DMAS in the collection medium. The permeates from the ester formulations were analyzed directly for the ester above the detection limit of 9 ng/ml (ppb) BEE. The permeation investigations utilized the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)-type permeation cells with liquid collection media. The results showed that these gloves could provide at least 6 h protection for these formulations. Received: 8 July 1998/Accepted: 13 December 1998     

三阶梯药物治疗原发性肝癌疼痛

目的:评价三阶梯药物治疗癌痛计划对原发性肝癌疼痛的疗效.方法:对29例中晚期原发性肝癌患者采用三阶梯用药方法按序、按时治疗癌性疼痛.结果:完全缓解(CR)19例(占65.52%),部分缓解(PR)3例(占10.35%),轻度缓解(MR)3例(占10.35%),有效率86.22%,无缓解(NR)4例(占13.78%),疗效优于单用哌替啶组,两组之间有非常显著差异(P相似文献   

Safety and immunogenicity of combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (whole cell and acellular)-Haemophilus influenzae-b conjugate vaccines administered to Indonesian children

A randomized double-blind trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines comprised of diphtheria (D) and tetanus (T) toxoids combined with either a whole cell (P) or an acellular (aP) pertussis component and Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylphosphate (PRP) tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) in Indonesian infants. Three doses of either DTaP, DTaP-PRP-T, or DTP-PRP-T were administered to 930 infants approximately 2-3 months of age and at 2 month intervals thereafter. A booster dose of either DTP-PRP-T or DTaP-PRP-T was administered at 15-18 months of age. Both local and systemic reactions occurred at a significantly (p < 0.001-0.026) higher rate in the group that received whole cell pertussis vaccine versus groups which were immunized with aP containing vaccines. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the rate of adverse events between groups immunized with DTaP or DTaP PRP T. One month after the third dose of vaccine, 99% of subjects had achieved > or =0.1 IU of anti-D and anti-T antibody per ml of serum. The geometric mean titer (GMT) to D was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the group immunized with DTaP versus the other two groups whereas the anti-T GMT was significantly (p < 0.006) higher for the group immunized with DTP-PRP-T. Both the anti-pertussis toxin (PT) and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antibody levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in recipients of acellular versus whole cell pertussis vaccine. In contrast, the anti-B. pertussis agglutinating antibody response was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the group immunized with whole cell pertussis vaccine. The anti-PRP GMTs (microg antibody/ml) at 7 months were 0.096, 3.35 and 6.11 for groups immunized with DTaP, DTaP-PRP-T and DTP-PRP-T, respectively. The GMT for those immunized with DTP-PRP-T was significantly (p < 0.001) higher compared to recipients of DTaP-PRP-T. The percent of children who attained > or =0.15 or > or =1 microg/ml after immunization was 18 and 2% for the DTaP group, 93 and 76% for the DTaP-PRP-T group and 97 and 88% for the DTP-PRP-T group. At the > or =1 microg/ml level the difference between the DTaP-PRP0-T and DTP-PRP-T groups was significant (p < 0.01). Children immunized with either DTaP, DTaP-PRP-T, or DTP-PRP-T were reimmunized with DTaP-PRP-T whereas a portion of children immunized with DTP PRP T where also boosted with this vaccine at 15-18 months of age. There was a vigorous anamnestic response to the D and T components with all children possessing > or =0.1 IU/ml. There was also a substantial increase in anti-PT, anti-FHA and B. pertussis agglutinating antibodies. The poorest anti-PT response was seen among children receiving DTP-PRP-T for both primary and reimmunization while the highest agglutinating antibody response followed receipt of 4 doses of DTP-PRP-T. Greater than 80% of children immunized with either DTP PRP T or DTaP-PRP-T possessed > or =0.15 microg/ml before boosting versus 38% for those vaccinated with DTaP (p < 0.001). Primary immunization with DTP-PRP-T resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage (72%) maintaining > or =1 microg/ml compared to those immunized with DTaP-PRP-T (46%). Prior to reimmunization, the anti-PRP GMT was significantly (p < 0.005) higher for children immunized with 3 doses of DTP-PRP-T versus DTaP-PRP-T. Subsequent to reimmunization, > or =95% of subjects attained > or =1 microg/ml.     

鼻窦骨结构变异及其临床意义(鼻窦CT扫描分析)

目的：进一步探讨鼻窦骨结构变异与鼻窦炎发生的关系。方法：对109例临床疑为鼻窦炎患者进行鼻窦冠状位CT扫描。结果：鼻窦粘膜异常改变者93例（85.3％），16例粘膜呈正常影像（14.7％）。在93例鼻窦粘膜异常改变者中，鼻窦骨结构变异为70例（75．3％），其中Haller气房出现率为31.2％，中鼻甲气化为31．2％，中鼻甲反和弯曲为10．8％，钩突气化为2．2％。结论：鼻窦骨结构变异可能是鼻窦炎致病因素之一，鼻窦炎患者骨结构变异情况应对每个患者进行具体分析，同时也要考虑到其它致病因素。