Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

空腹血糖与TG/HDL-C 对非糖尿病患者并发COVID-19 的预测价值研究

目的　探究空腹血糖与三酰甘油/ 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG/HDL-C) 比值在对糖尿病患者并发新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) 的预测价值。方法　连续收集2021 年12 月～ 2022 年1 月西安市第四医院收治的非糖尿病并发COVID-19 患者39 例，通过倾向性评分匹配同期西安交通大学第二附属医院健康体检者34 例( 健康对照组)，比较两组间临床特征与实验室检验指标，Logistic 回归及受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC) 曲线分析空腹血糖与TG/HDL-C 对非糖尿病患者并发COVID-19 的预测价值。结果　COVID-19 患者均为轻型(30 例) 或普通型(9 例)，整体症状较轻，中位年龄29.0 (20.0, 49.0) 岁，男性24 例(61.5%)，临床预后较好。COVID-19 患者入院时空腹血糖(4.30±0.47 mmol/L) 与HDL-C[1.07(0.86, 1.30) mmol/L]较健康对照组[5.15±0.70 mmol/L, 2.24(1.77, 3.05) mmol/L] 显著降低，差异具有统计学意义(t=6.277, P ＜ 0.001；Z =-6.026,P＜0.001)，而低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C) [2.40(1.81, 2.91) mmol/L] 与TG/HDL-C [0.91(0.54, 1.52)] 较健康对照组[1.11 (0.99, 1.30) mmol/L, 0.54 (0.33, 0.90)] 显著升高，差异具有统计学意义(Z=-6.271, -2.801,均P ＜ 0.005)。Logistic 回归分析显示入院时空腹血糖可能是非糖尿病患者感染COVID-19 的独立保护因素(OR :0.020,95% CI: 0.003 ～ 0.150)，TG/HDL-C 升高可能是COVID-19 发病的独立危险因素(OR :4.802, 95% CI: 1.249 ～ 18.460)。ROC 曲线结果显示，空腹血糖与TG/HDL-C 能较好地预测COVID-19 发病风险，曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC) 分别为0.871 和0.708，二者联合诊断的AUC 为0.895。结论　空腹血糖降低与TG/HDL-C 升高可能是非糖尿病人群并发COVID-19 的危险因素，对COVID-19 发病具有较好的预测价值。     

Exploring the potential of exosomes in diagnosis and drug delivery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

ActRⅡB-Fc融合蛋白生物学活性测定方法的建立

目的：建立ActR Ⅱ B-Fc融合蛋白的生物学活性检测方法。方法：利用A204-CAGA12-LUC细胞系，通过荧光素酶检测系统进行ActR Ⅱ B-Fc融合蛋白的生物学活性检测，根据四参数拟合分析计算样品相对效价，并对该方法的专属性、精密性和准确性进行验证。结果：ActR Ⅱ B-Fc融合蛋白在该方法中存在量效关系，且符合4-参数方程：y=(A-D)/[1+(x/C)^B ]+D。该方法具有良好的专属性；6批 ActR Ⅱ B-Fc融合蛋白样品经3次测定，相对效价平均值在(86.74±6.44)%~(108.81±15.07)%，RSD 均小于15 %；2批回收率样品经3次测定，回收率分别为(114.99±12.42)%和(81.19±7.35)%；8次独立测定重复性较好。结论：研究建立的ActR Ⅱ B-Fc融合蛋白生物学活性检测方法专属性强，准确性高，精密度好，可作为ActR Ⅱ B-Fc融合蛋白生物学活性的常规检测方法。     

基于康复胜任力架构的本科层次特殊教育专业设置研究

目的 基于世界卫生组织康复胜任力架构(RCF),构建以胜任力为本位并且满足残疾学生教育康复需求特点的本科层次特殊教育专业,提升特殊教育专业建设的水平,适应基于胜任力教育发展的要求。方法 运用RCF的理论与方法,参照《特殊教育教师专业标准(试行)》《特殊教育专业认证标准》和《特殊教育专业师范生教师职业能力标准》,分析学校教育情境中特殊教育教师的胜任力要求。结果 构建了基于RCF的特殊教育教师胜任力架构,提出了基于RCF的特殊教育专业设置原则和基于RCF的特殊教育专业建设的原则,根据学校教育环境的特点,建立了适用于本科层次特殊教育专业的胜任力模式。结论 RCF作为一个服务全民健康的全球康复胜任力架构,其理论与方法对于构建特殊教育专业基于胜任力的教育体系具有重要的意义。基于RCF构建了本科层次特殊教育专业的原则、方法、教育目标以及方法体系,促进实施国家《特殊教育教师专业标准(试行)》、《特殊教育专业认证标准》和《特殊教育专业师范生教师职业能力标准》。     

特发性肺纤维化急性加重期证候与血清生物标志物的相关性研究＊

目的 通过分析特发性肺纤维化急性加重期（AE-IPF）患者证候与血清生物标志物的关系，为中医辨证治疗提供参考。方法 采用观察性研究设计，收集2019年3月至2019年11月三个中心的AE-IPF患者76例，其中痰热壅肺证26例、痰浊阻肺证50例，并纳入健康志愿者10例作为对照。采用ELISA测定患者血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7、SP-A和SP-D水平，分析与中医证候的相关性。结果 AE-IPF患者血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7、SP-A和SP-D水平均显著高于健康对照组。血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7和SP-D水平在痰热壅肺证和痰浊阻肺证患者间无显著性差异（P＞0.05），而血清SP-A水平存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论 血清SP-A与AE-IPF证候存在一定的相关性，血清SP-A的浓度升高，与痰热壅肺证关系越密切，反之，血清SP-A浓度降低，则与痰浊阻肺证关系越密切。AE-IPF痰热壅肺证患者的预后可能较痰浊阻肺证患者更差。