Transplantation of an eight-organ multivisceraI graft in a patient with frozen abdomen after complicated Crohn's disease

To report an extended multivisceral transplantation (MVTx) including right kidney and ascending colon in a patient with complicated Crohn's disease (CD). A 36-year old female suffering from short bowel syndrome and frozen abdomen due to fistulizing CD after multiple abdominal operations underwent MVTx of eight organs including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum in November 2003. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids. The patient was off parenteral nutrition by postoperative wk 3. She experienced one episode of pneumonia. The patient recovered completely and discharged 2.5 mo and was doing well 30 mo after MVTx. This is one of the very rare cases in which a complete mulitivisceral graft of eight abdominal organs was transplanted orthotopically.     

碳酸氢钠预防造影剂肾病——一项随机对照研究

背景：造影剂肾病仍是放射影像学检查的一种常见并发症。在动物急性缺血性肾衰竭模型中，预先使用碳酸氢钠比氯化钠的肾脏保护作用更佳。缺血和造影剂引发的急性肾衰竭均被认为是自由基损伤所致。但是，在人或动物至今尚无评价碳酸氢钠预防造影剂肾病有效性的研究。 目的：在使用放射性造影剂前后用碳酸氢钠或氯化钠进行预防性水化，比较二者的有效性。 设计、地点和病人：一项于2002年9月16日至2003年6月17日进行的前瞻性、单中心、随机试验。119例血清肌酐稳定在≥1．1mg／dL（t≥97．2μmol／L）水平的病人，在应用碘帕醇（370mg碘／mL）造影前后，随机接受了氯化钠静脉滴注（n=59）或碳酸氢钠静脉滴注（n=60），剂量均为154mEq／L。在造影前及造影后第1、2天进行了血清肌酐检测。 干预：病人接受154mEq／L的氯化钠或碳酸氢钠，造影前以每小时3mL／kg的速度静脉滴注1小时，造影后以每小时1mL／kg的速度滴注上述药物6小时。 主要观察指标：造影剂肾病，其定义为在造影后2天内血清肌酐升高tμ25％。 结果：两组病人在年龄、性别、糖尿病发生、种族以及造影剂用量方面无显著差异。碳酸氢钠治疗组病人基线血清肌酐水平稍高于氯化钠治疗组，但亦无显著差异（氯化钠组均值[sD]为1．71[0．42]mg／dL[151．2{37．1}μmol／L]，碳酸氢钠组为1．89[0．69]mg／dL[167．1{61．0}μmol／L]；P=0．09）。氯化钠组8例（13．6％），发生造影剂肾病一级终点，而碳酸氢钠组仅1例（1．7％）（均值差别，11．9％；95％可信区间[CI]，2．6％～21．2％；P=0．02）。随后，又对191例符合研究纳入标准的病人给予了碳酸氢钠治疗并进行随访登记，结果有3例出现了造影剂肾病（1．6％；95％CI，0％～3．4％）。 结论：对于造影剂引发的肾衰竭，在造影前采用碳酸氢钠进行水化治疗比采用氯化钠水化治疗更为有效。     

甲型H1N1流感确诊病例出院标准(试行)

甲型H1N1流感确诊病例同时满足下列条件时,可以出院: 1.体温正常,流感样症状消失≥3 d,无并发症,临床情况稳定;     

二氯胺基酚诱发的染色体畸变及染毒时间对畸变率的影响研究

２，４－二氯胺基酚（ＤＣＡＰ）是８３—１除草剂在哺乳动物体内的主要代谢产物。本研究以三种染毒计划观察了ＤＣＡＰ诱发Ｖ７９细胞的染色体畸变。结果表明：ＤＣＡＰ是一种染色体损伤剂，诱发的畸变主要为染色单体断裂和交换；３ｈ染毒和染毒后培养１７ｈ诱发的染色体畸变率最高，２０ｈ染毒观察不到染色体畸变，说明以高浓度短期染毒对高细胞毒性化合物的细胞遗传毒性研究可能是较好的染毒方案。     

撬拨复位植骨椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

[目的]椎体撬拨植骨成形加椎弓根螺钉固定治疗早期胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,预防术后形成“空心椎”引起的钉松动、断钉及伤椎再塌陷、后凸畸形等并发症。[方法及结果]收治胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者28例,行椎弓根螺钉内固定后,用神经根探子撬拨压缩下陷的伤椎上终板和前中柱,使之复位,经伤椎通过椎弓根植骨成形。术后随访6~18个月,全部获得骨性愈合(100%)。脊柱后凸Cobb's角度术前平均23.6°(n=23)矫正至术后平均4.4°(n=23),随访角度5.3°;椎体前缘高度压缩比由术前平均45%恢复至术后97%,随访时95%;伤椎椎管内矢状径术前平均7.6 mm,术后17.5 mm,随访矢状径17.1 mm,无明显狭窄。无内固定松动、断裂或弯曲。[结论]椎体撬拨植骨成形加椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折,手术安全性高,经植骨均获得骨性愈合,恢复了伤椎的强度和刚度,减少了内固定的应力,防止后凸畸形,降低并发症出现。     

丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤合治婴幼儿腹泻

目的：探讨丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤治疗婴幼儿迁延性或慢性腹泻的疗效。方法：将62例患儿随机分为两组，均补液、维持水电解质及酸碱平衡。治疗组用丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤，对照组用蒙脱石。7d为1个疗程，观察两组疗效。结果：治疗组的显效率、有效率、总有效率明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤合治婴幼儿迁延性或慢性腹泻疗效满意。     

Oxygen Reverses Deficits of Cognitive Function and Memory and Increased Heart Rate Induced by Acute Severe Isovolemic Anemia

Background: Erythrocytes are transfused to improve oxygen delivery and prevent or treat inadequate oxygenation of tissues. Acute isovolemic anemia subtly slows human data processing and degrades memory, increases heart rate, and decreases self-assessed energy level. Erythrocyte transfusion is efficacious in reversing these effects of acute anemia. We tested the hypothesis that increasing arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) to 350 mmHg or greater would supply sufficient oxygen to be equivalent to augmenting hemoglobin concentration by 2-3 g/dl and thus reverse the effects of acute anemia.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy volunteers, aged 28 +/- 4 yr (mean +/- SD), were tested with verbal memory and standard, computerized neuropsychologic tests before and twice after acute isovolemic reduction of their hemoglobin concentration to 5.7 +/- 0.3 g/dl. Two sets of tests were performed in randomized order at the lower hemoglobin concentration: with the volunteer breathing room air or oxygen. The subject and those administering the tests and recording the results were unaware which gas was administered. As an additional control for duration of the experiment, 10 of these volunteers also completed the same tests on a separate day, without alteration of hemoglobin concentration, at times of the day similar to those on the experimental day. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and self-assessed sense of energy were recorded at the time of each test.

Results: Reaction time for digit-symbol substitution test increased, delayed memory was degraded, mean arterial pressure and energy level decreased, and heart rate increased at a hemoglobin concentration of 5.7 g/dl (all P < 0.05). Increasing Pao2 to 406 +/- 47 mmHg reversed the digit-symbol substitution test result and the delayed memory changes to values not different from those at the baseline hemoglobin concentration of 12.7 +/- 1.0 g/dl, and decreased heart rate (P < 0.05). However, mean arterial pressure and energy level changes were not altered with increased Pao2 during acute anemia.     

The Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Tripterygium hypoglaucum on NK Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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医学微生物实验课的设计与管理

为了培养医学生解决实际问题的能力，训练学生树立创新的意识和严谨的科学作风以及团结协作的精神品德，本文提出了几条关于医学微生物实验课的设计原则，并且提出了几条医学微生物实验室的管理建议，以防止实验室微生物感染事件的发生。