某体校游泳池氯化消毒副产物浓度及游泳者尿液中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平分析

目的通过检测游泳池氯化消毒副产物的浓度以及游泳者暴露后尿液中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHd G)的水平,为进一步研究游泳池氯化消毒副产物暴露人群的健康状况提供参考数据。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》(GB/T17220-1998)和《生活饮用水标准检验方法》GB5750-2006)于2013年5-9月对某体校游泳池进行采样检测,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)于2013年游泳季开放前(4月)后(10月)分别检测游泳组和对照组尿液中8-OHd G水平。结果该校游泳池三氯甲烷、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸的浓度水平均值分别为(0.045±0.030)、(0.050±0.018)和(0.031±0.015)mg/L,参照国际泳联标准,其中三氯甲烷浓度超标,游泳组学生在经过一个游泳季后(10月),尿液中8-OHd G平均水平显著高于对照组(t=8.450,P=0.000),且显著高于开放前(4月)(t=8.450,P=0.000);但是游泳组在游泳季开放前(4月)与对照组比较(t=1.391,P=0.170),对照组游泳季开放前(4月)和结束后(10月)比较(t=1.702,P=0.104)尿液中8-OHd G的水平差异均无统计学意义。结论该校游泳池氯化消毒副产物的污染问题不容忽视,长期游泳者尿液中8-OHd G水平较非游泳人群高,可能与长期接触游泳池氯化消毒副产物有关。     

解剖学微课选题的探讨

正微课~([1])是一种短小精悍的在线教学视频。选题是微课制作的第一步,精准选题可以让微课的教学设计、视频制作事半功倍。医学中1/3以上的名词来源于解剖学~([2]),从中选题犹如沙里淘金。现探讨解剖学微课选题技巧,旨在与大家分享经验,合力推动相关教学改革。1解剖学微课选题中存在的主要问题选题不当是当前的主要问题,主要表现在选题过大和选题价值不高。     

组织学微课教学设计技巧

<正>组织学是一门重要的医学基础课程,主要涉及人体结构细微等特点,枯燥难学~([1])。随着教育改革的不断深化,"微课"~([2])的建设与应用已悄然兴起,作为一种新的教学手段,受到了广大师生们的关注和喜爱。微课设计是微课制作与应用的核心。本文探讨组织学"微课"学设计技巧,旨在与大家分享经验,合力推动相关教学改革。1微课设计的重要性微课设计凝聚着教师的创意,反映教师对课程的理解、教学的认识和对学生的把握,融入设计者的经验和教学积累。微课     

广州市自然人群病毒性肝炎血清流行病学研究

目的了解广州市自然人群病毒性肝炎的血清流行病学特征。方法采取分层多级整群系统随机抽样方法抽取研究对象,对其作流行病学个案调查,并应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA法）检测病毒性肝炎各感染标志物。结果广州市自然人群HAV、HBV、HCV、HDV、HEV、HGV感染率分别为74．47％、64．10％、0．65％、0．13％、1．69％和0．65％;HAV、HBV和HEV的感染率在老城区、新城区和郊市区中的差异有高度显著性意义（P〈0．01）,而HCV、HDV和HGV的差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）;HBV感染率在男女之间差异有高度显著性意义（P〈0．01）,HCV感染率在男女之间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）,而HAV、HDV、HEV和HGV的感染率则无性别差异（P〉0．05）;HAV、HBV、HCV、HDV、HEV、HGV最低感染年龄分别为2岁、2岁、20岁、31岁、5岁和13岁,最高感染年龄分别为90岁、86岁、46岁、67岁、74岁和71岁;HAV、HBV和HEV感染率均与年龄呈正相关（P〈0,01、P〈0,01和P〈0．05）。结论广州市自然人群各型病毒性肝炎感染具有不同的流行病学特征,其中HAV和HBV的感染率较高,HCV、HDV、HEV和HGV的感染水平则较低。     

吲哚-3-甲醇对荷鼻咽癌裸鼠肿瘤转归及抗氧化体系的影响

Objective To observe the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on the outcome of the tumor as well as the changes of the anti-oxidative system in null mice grafted with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods 48 BALB/c null mice were divided by means of random number table into control group (0. 5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose),low dosage (0.02 g/kg),middle dosage (0. 1 g/kg) and high dosage(0. 5 g/kg) of I3C. The mice were administered with different solutions by gavage for 10 days before CNEI cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the back (near the armpit) of the nude mice,then the solutions were continually administered by gavage. The tumor volume was measured and the tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA),the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD),the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 were determined on the 31th day of the study. Results I3C could reduce the tumor volume [the tumor volumes of the control group,the middle dosage group and the high dosage group were(4. 13±0. 53)×10-6m3, (3.14±0.71)×10-6m3, (2. 72±0. 29)×10-6m3], as compared with the control, the shrinkage of tumor volume of the middle dosage group and the high dosage group were significant (the t valued at 0. 990 and 1.510, P< 0.01). The tumor inhibitory rates of 3 groups were 3.8%,20.5% and 34.9%,respectively. The contents of MDA in the tumor tissue tended to decrease [the values of control group,the low dosage group,the middle dosage group and the high dosage group were(31.29±2. 51)×10-6mol/L, (30. 12±2. 37)×10-6 mol/ L, (23. 32±1.93)×10-6 mol/L, (16.45±1.43)×10-6 mol/L](F=98. 752, P < 0. 01), and that of the high and the middle dosage group could obviously be reduced (t=8. 970,14. 840, P < 0.01) as compared with the control. The activity of SOD seemed to be elevated according to the increase of I3C dosage [the values were (387.24±23.16)×103 U/L, (399. 37±34. 45)×103 U/L, (431.63±31.24)×103 U/L, (476.45±44. 67)×103 U/L](F=53.444,P < 0. 01). When compared with the control, the SOD activity of the middle and the high dosage group be obviously increased (t=44. 390,89. 210,P <0.01). I3C could also elevate the GSHPx activity [the GSHPx values of the four groups were (226. 98±18.35)×103 U/L, (234.65±15.59)×103 U/L, (247.72±22. 73)×103 U/L, (300. 37±26. 02)×103 U/L](F=25.916,P < 0. 01). The GSHPx of the high dosage group was enhanced remarkable(t=73. 390, P < 0. 01) as compared with the control. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 (relative molecular weight=19 000 000) seemed to be elevated according to the increase of I3C dosage and the relative expression levels of wbich were 0. 87±0. 01,0. 97±0. 01,1.02±0. 06 and 1.14±0.02 (F=39. 864, P < 0. 01). When compared with the eontrol,the elevation of this kind of cleaved easpase-3 was considered statistical significant (the t values were 0. 100,0. 086 and 0. 303, respectively, P < 0. 05). When 13C dosage increased, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (relative molecular weight=17 000 000) seemed to increased too [the relative expression levels of which were 0.00±0.00,0.05±0.02,0. 11±0.02,0.20±0.02(F=56.629,P<0.01)],and the increase of this kind of cleaved caspase-3 was esteemed significantly as compared with those of the control (the t valued at 0. 046,0. 103 and 0. 193, respectively, P < 0. 05). Linear correlate analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the shrinkage of tumor volume and the expression of the two kinds of cleaved caspase-3 protein was-0.732 (t=3. 404, P < 0. 01) and-0. 901 (t=6. 642, P < 0. 01). Conclusion I3C could reduce the growth of tumor, the mechanism underlie it could be related to the decrease of the content of MDA as well as the elevated levels of SOD,GSHPx,and perhaps could be related to the apoptosis transducted by cleaved caspase-3.     

阿奇霉素治疗沙眼衣原体感染孕鼠对其妊娠结局及免疫状态的影响

目的:了解沙眼衣原体感染孕鼠的妊娠结局与体内Th1型、Th2型细胞因子水平的关系,以及阿奇霉素干预治疗对其免疫状态及妊娠结局的影响,探讨沙眼衣原体致不良妊娠结局的免疫机理。方法:随机将孕鼠分成3组,于孕2、3、4天,对照组阴道内接种无感染衣原体由McCoy细胞制备的SPG悬液30μl,模型组阴道内接种1.0×106IFU/ml沙眼衣原体F型株的SPG悬液30μl,给药组阴道接种衣原体后于妊娠第8天腹腔注射阿齐霉素10mg/kg(单次给药)。孕12天用酶联免疫法检测各组小鼠血清中Th1型(IFN-γ、TNF-α)/Th2型(IL-4、IL-10)细胞因子表达水平,计算IL-4/TNF-α,IL-10/TNF-α比率。用方差分析和χ2检验比较3组的妊娠失败率、胚胎吸收率、胎重、孕期体重增加量等,以及3组之间细胞因子水平及Th1/Th2型免疫调节平衡的比率等。结果:模型组与对照组比较体内Th2型细胞因子下降(IL-10),而Th1型细胞因子上升(TNF-α),且代表Th1/Th2型免疫调节平衡的细胞因子比值:IL-4/TNF-α,IL-10/TNF-α模型组显著低于对照组,形成Th1型免疫偏倚。给药组降低了妊娠失败率并降低了Th1型免疫偏倚程度。模型组小鼠妊娠失败率及反复妊娠失败率显著高于对照组;给药组小鼠妊娠失败率较模型组低而较对照组高,反复妊娠失败率较模型组下降明显(P0.05);3组的胚胎吸收率,胚重,孕期体重增加量无显著差异。结论:阴道接种沙眼衣原体使体内细胞因子向Th1型漂移,增加了小鼠的妊娠失败率;阿奇霉素干预可降低Th1型漂移程度,降低小鼠妊娠失败率。     

二安替比林间甲基苯基甲烷测定食品中的微量钒

钒是人体健康必须的微量营养元素，影响人体健康，因而痕量钒的测定具有重要意义。我们曾研究过二安替比林苯基甲烷类试剂与钒（Ｖ）［１～３］的显色反应，该类反应灵敏度高。在此基础上，我们又合成了新试剂二安替比林间甲基苯基甲烷（ＤＡｍＭＭ），用于钒（Ｖ）的测定...