中老年冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄及危险因素分析

目的探讨中老年冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的患病率和危险因素.方法对339例冠脉造影诊断为冠心病的中老年患者,同时进行选择性双侧肾动脉造影.结果肾动脉狭窄的发生率为37.2%(126/339).肾动脉狭窄组年龄、高血压病、吸烟者的比率均高于非肾动脉狭窄组(P＜0.001、＜0.03、＜0.02),肾动脉狭窄患病率随病变程度加重有逐渐增加的趋势(x2趋势=4.17,P＜0.0001).多因素回归分析中,年龄、高血压、吸烟和冠心病多支病变为肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论中老年冠心病患者,尤其是高龄、高血压、吸烟、多支病变的患者应常规行选择性肾动脉造影.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病(CHD)患者的冠状动脉造影特点.方法 对冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的446例2型糖尿病患者和512例非糖尿病患者的冠脉造影结果进行对比分析.结果 糖尿病组高血压286例(64.1%),心肌梗死160例(35.9%),血清甘油三酯[(2.10±1.48)mmol/L]和体质指数[(25.28±13.41)kg/m2]均高于非糖尿病组(P＜0.05).2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者较多发生多支病变、弥漫性病变(P＜0.05),行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)、药物治疗的概率高于非糖尿病组(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉病变复杂严重.     

经导管消融短QT综合征的多频率室性心动过速和心室颤动

目的报告1例短QT综合征经导管消融多频率室性心动过速(简称室速)和心室颤动(简称室颤)的经验,描述一种Purkinje网络共用多分支折返模型.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体基因及醛固酮合成酶基因多态性与高血压左室肥厚相关性研究

本研究的目的是观察血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体（AT2R）基因＋1675A／G多态性及醛固酮合成酶（CYP11B2）基因-344C／T多态性与高血压左室肥厚（LVH）的相关性。建立可用于鉴别左室肥厚易感人群或易感个体的分子生物学标志物。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因A1166C多态性与高血压肾脏损害相关性研究

目的:探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)A1166C多态性与高血压、高血压肾脏损害的关系。方法:入选188例原发性高血压患者进行尿微量白蛋白和AT1R基因A1166C多态性测定。结果:AA基因型与AC基因型收缩压分别为(149·1±20·8)mmHg(1mmHg=0·133kPa)和(137·8±22·6)mmHg,2组间差异有显著性(P=0·013)。AC基因型携带者尿微量白蛋白尿异常者明显增多,差异有显著性(P=0·006)。结论:AT1R基因A1166C多态性可能与原发性高血压和高血压肾脏损害有关。     

入院前电话通知对中老年ST段抬高心肌梗死患者进急诊室至球囊扩张时间的影响

目的 探讨入院前心电图采集和电话通知对ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者进入急诊室至球囊扩张时间[进门至球囊扩张(door to balloon,D2B)时间]的影响. 方法 对2006年1月至2007年12月就诊于北京安贞医院抢救中心并接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的STEMI患者的临床资料进行分析.将患者分为3组:无入院前心电图(无心电图)组、有入院前心电图(有心电图)组和依据入院前心电图进行电话通知(电话通知)组.主要分析指标为D2B时间.次要分析指标为住院期间患者病死率. 结果 纳入研究患者402例,其中无心电图组137例(34.1%),有心电图组176例(43.8%),电话通知组89例(22.1%).3组患者年龄、性别、既往病史及心肌梗死部位比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05).与无心电图组比较,有心电图组和电话通知组患者D2B时间缩短,3组分别为113 min、96 min和86 min(均P<0.01).3组患者住院期间病死率[分别为4例(2.9%)、4例(2.3%)和3例(2.2%)]比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05). 结论 入院前心电图采集和早期电话通知能缩短STEMI患者D2B时间,使更多的患者D2B时间<90 min.入院前与医院建立电话联系可缩短再灌注时间.     

对急性心肌梗死患者应用血管造影肾动脉狭窄患病率分析

目的 调查了解急性心肌梗死患者粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的患病率.方法 采用2008年8月至2009年3月,北京安贞医院28病区231例急性心肌梗死患者在接受冠状动脉造影时接受选择性肾动脉造影的病历资料进行分析.结果 肾动脉正常者149例,ARAS(≥50%)53例(占入选患者22.9%),单侧ARAS 36例(左、右侧各18例,共占入选患者15.6%),双侧ARAS 17例(占入选患者7.4%).经logistic回归分析,年龄、高血压、缺血性脑卒中和血清肌酐异常是ARAS预测因素,而冠状动脉病变血管支数不是ARAS预测因素.结论 部分急性心肌梗死患者同时合并ARAS;对于合并有前述预测因素者,在冠状动脉造影时有必要作肾动脉造影.     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉内抽吸物的病理分析

Objective To analyze the components of retrieved materials from the culprit lesion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients by manual aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Visible retrieved materials were collected, fixed in formalin and processed for paraffin embedding, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The retrieved materials were microscopically divided into erythrocyte-rich thrombi, platelet/fibrin-rich thrombi, combined thrombi (similar proportions of erythrocytes and platelet/fibrin components), atherosclerotic plaque materials and edematous components. Based on pathological findings, thrombus materials were classified into fresh (< 1 d), lytic (1-5 d), frash/lytic and organized thrombi(>5 d) after formation. All patients were further classified into plaque positive and plaque negative groups. Clinical and angiographic data were also obtained for analyzing possible association between pathological findings and surrogates of myocardial reperfusion, including myocardial blush grade (MBG), enzymatic estimated infarction size (peak CK and CK-MB levels), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) which were assessed 16 h after procedure. Results Visible samples were collected from 49 patients by manual catheter aspiration (thrombus components in 46 patients, atherosclerotic plaque only in 3 patients). Frequency of erythrocyte-rich thrombi, platelet/fibrin-rich thrombi and combined thrombi were 41.3% (19/46), 30.4% (14/46) and 28.2% (13/46), respectively. The incidence of fresh, lyric, fresh/lytic and organized thrombi were 47. 8% (22/46), 32. 6% (15/46), 10.9% (5/46) and 8.7% (4/46), respectively. Plaque materials were found in 57.1% (28/49) patients, including ruptured plaque accompanied by thrombus formation [8.2% (4/49)], fibrous plaque [6.1% (3/ 49)] and thickened intima [2.0% (1/49)]. Baseline characteristics did not differ between plaque positive (n=28) and plaque negative (n=21) groups. Ratios of MBG 3 were higher in plaque positive group than in plaque negative group [82.1% (23/28) vs. 52. 4% ( 11/21 ), P=0.025]. Peak CK and CK-MB levels were lower in the former than in the later [(1705±1647)U/L vs. (2629±2013)U/L, P=0. 042; (146± 136) μg/L vs. (258±215) μg/L, P=0.016; respectively]. Furthermore, LVEF were higher in plaque positive group than in plaque negative group (0.59±0. 10 vs. 0.52±0.08, P=0.012). Conclusion Manual catheter aspiration during primary PCI in STEMI patients is an effective way for removing thrombus and plaque materials, and plaque debulking before stenting or pre-dilation and this procedure might probably improve myocardial reperfusion, limit infarction size and improve cardiac function.     

医用生物胶粘合食管胃吻合术应用研究

目的总结20例食管癌．贲门癌切除术后病人的治疗体会。方法采用快速医用生物胶粘合食管胃的方法达到食管胃套入式吻合。结果病人痊愈出院，手术无死亡。术后无吻合口瘘及狭窄的发生。结论快速医用生物胶应用临床，手术方法简单，便于掌握，省时省力，术中无需特殊器械。研究证明此方法能明显降低术后吻合口瘘及狭窄的并发症，快速医用生物胶粘合食管胃吻合术，值得在临床工作中推广。     

多发性大动脉炎合并心肌梗死5例临床分析

目的 探讨多发性大动脉炎合并心肌梗死患者的临床特点、冠状动脉病变情况、治疗方法及转归.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2006年4月我院收治的多发性大动脉炎合并心肌梗死患者的症状、体征、实验室检查结果、冠状动脉造影结果、治疗方法及转归资料.结果 本组多发性大动脉炎Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例.其中,合并冠状动脉三支病变3例,双支病变1例,单支病变1例.冠状动脉病变多见于左右冠状动脉近段,中段及分支也可受累.3例患者行经皮冠脉成形术(PTCA)加支架植入术后病情好转,1例经药物治疗后仍有胸痛发作,1例于住院期间死亡.结论 多发性大动脉炎合并心肌梗死并不少见,受累的冠状动脉病变较重,病死率较高.