外科医源性尿瘘的诊治

为了重视医源性尿瘘的诊治和预防，我们报告了1964～1996年我院收治的24例外科医源性尿瘘．其中与妇产科有关的14例占56．5％，与普外科有关的4例占173％，与泌尿外科有关的6例占26％．包括输尿管阴道瘘、膀胱阴道瘘、膀胱子宫瘘、输尿管宫颈瘘、输尿管回肠瘘、输尿着皮肤瘘、尿道直肠瘘、输尿管腹腔瘘、膀胱腹壁瘘等各种情况。本文对医源性尿瘘的病因、临床症状和治疗进行了讨论．     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤4例

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤为一少见的肾脏良性肿瘤。临床上不易确诊。本文报告4例,并对有关文献作简单温习。例1:张××,42岁,女性。患左上腹肿块10年,于1969年1月住院。病员于10年前患腹泻,发现左上腹有一种块,当时诊断为“脾块”,用药物治疗,肿块未见缩小。近年来觉腹胀隐痛,食欲减退。入院后检查血压150/104毫米     

肾移植术后带状疱疹45例

肾移植是目前进行最多、生存时间最长的实体器官移植。随着环孢素A等免疫抑制剂的应用,术后感染的发生率也明显增加。1988年6月至2000年9月我院共行同种异体肾移植456例,术后发生带状疱疹45例,其临床资料总结报告如下。     

体外冲击波碎石治疗上尿路结石240例分析

报告1989年3月至1990年3月应用与中国科学院联合研制的KDE-Ⅱ型体外冲击波碎石机治疗240例上尿路结石病人。总碎石率为99.58％,三个月内的排石率为89.70％。对并发症及其顶防进行了探索性讨论,提出预防或减少并发症的方法。     

双J支架管在肾移植手术中的应用

肾移植术后出现尿瘘或吻合口狭窄、梗阻是移植后严重的手术并发症，尽管肾移植的外科技术逐渐提高，但仍偶有发生。随着腔道泌尿外科的发展及泌尿道内引流支架管制作材料的不断改进，利用特殊类型的双Ｊ管作为肾移植术后的内引流支架，可减少和预防肾移植术后尿路并发症。...     

亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的应用

背景:亲属活体肾移植供、受者移植前准备充分,供肾热、冷缺血时间较短,HLA 配型的组织相容性好,移植后排斥反应发生率低,为亲属活体供肾肾移植后采用低剂量免疫抑制剂方案提供了可能性.目的:探讨亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的安全性和有效性.方法:选取2006-01/2008-06 在南京医科大学第一附属医院肾移植中心行亲属活体供肾移植的受者38 例,移植后常规使用环孢素A/他克莫司+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松的三联免疫抑制方案.将38 例患者随机分为两组:CNI 常规剂量组(n=18),移植后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 6 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.12 mg/(kg·d);CNI 低剂量组(n=20),术后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 4 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.08 mg/(kg·d);两组吗替麦考酚酯和泼尼松使用剂量相同.移植后密切随访,比较两组患者移植后不同时期的肾功能以及急性排斥反应、肺部感染、肝功能损害、肾毒性等并发症的发生情况.结果与结论:随访12 个月,CNI 常规剂量组重度肺部感染死亡1 例,CNI 低剂量组无死亡病例.两组移植肾功能及急性排斥反应发生率比较差异均无显著性意义(P ＞ 0.05);CNI 低剂量组肝功能损害、钙调蛋白酶抑制剂肾毒性发生率显著低于CNI 常规剂量组(P ＜ 0.05).此外,采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂免疫抑制方案明显减轻了亲属肾移植患者的经济负担.说明亲属活体供肾移植后采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的免疫抑制剂方案安全、有效.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

目的 研究曲尼司特(Tran)对环孢素A(CsA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)向间充质转变的影响,并探讨该药抗纤维化的机制.方法 所有用于实验的HK-2细胞株均为8～12代细胞,分为4组:(1)空白对照组,收获细胞,不做任何处理;(2)CsA组,加入4.2μmol/LCsA;(3)CsA+Tran组,预先加入100μmol/L Tran,作用2 h后再加入4.2 μmol/L CsA;(4)Tran组,仅加入100μmol/L Tran.72 h后于共聚焦显微镜下观察各组细胞形态学变化;用免疫荧光法以及免疫印迹法检测各组钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、平滑肌肌动蛋白α(α-SMA)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达.结果 HK-2细胞在正常情况下表现为典型的"鹅卵石"样形态,细胞圆钝,且与邻近的细胞连接较为紧密;空白对照组和Tran组细胞表现为典型的HK-2细胞形态;CsA组细胞变狭长,甚至向周边伸出"伪足"样改变,细胞间连接较为稀疏;CsA+Tran组的细胞形态学改变有明显改善.CsA组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强度明显弱于对照组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达强于对照组;CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin荧光表达强于CsA组,α-SMA、OPN荧光表达弱于CsA组.免疫印迹检查中,CsA组细胞E-cadherin 的表达明显低于对照组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达明显高于对照组,CsA+Tran组细胞E-cadherin的表达高于CsA组,而α-SMA、OPN的表达低于CsA组.结论 曲尼司特能抑制CsA诱导的HK-2细胞由肾小管上皮向间充质细胞转化的过程,其机制可能与抑制OPN的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.     

改良经腹腔途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的临床研究

Objective To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods A total of 105 patients received the operation with age ranging from 51 to 73 years from January 2008 to June 2010. Mean level of serum prostate specific antigen was 13. 6 μg/L and mean prostatic volume was 45 ml. Pathological studies of biopsy confirmed the prostate carcinoma with Gleason score 6-8. Radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis. Based on previously retroperitoneal radical prostatectomy, modified technique was applied involving surgical approach, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis. Results Mean operative time was 93 min (65-150 min).Intraoperative blood loss was 115 ml (50-400 ml). No complication of bowl injury occurred. Positive surgical margin was present in 24 patients. Normal continence were seen in 64 patients after catheter removed. Recovery of incontinence within 3 months was seen in 33 patients and 3 to 12 months in 5 patients respectively. Three patients with incontinence were still in the follow-up. Conclusions Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides large working space and clear anatomic exposure. Higher efficiency and lower complication rate are obtained through modified laparoscopic technique involving seminal vesicle isolation, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis.     

曲尼司特对环孢素A诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质转变的抑制作用

Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.