颅脑损伤患者 PaCO2与血清 IL－6、IL－8、TNF－α的相关性研究

目的：探讨重症颅脑损伤术中调节PET CO2与血清IL－6、IL－8、TNF－α的相关性。方法重症颅脑损伤患者60例,根据 PET CO2的范围不同随机均分为：A组PET CO2＝25 mmHg, B 组PET CO2＝55 mmHg,C组PET CO2＝40 mmHg三组,取术前、术后12、24、48 h中心静脉血采用ELISA法检测血清IL－6、IL－8及TNF－α浓度变化。结果与C组比较,A、B两组患者血清IL－6、IL－8、TNF－α在术前增高,持续至术后48 h增高达高峰,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,但B组增高程度较A组减低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论颅脑外科术中PET CO2的浓度变化将直接影响颅内压的变化,术中应根据手术进程合理调节PET CO2浓度有利于脑损伤术后的功能恢复。     

右美托咪定预处理对食管癌根治术单肺通气联合持续气道正压患者肺通气及氧合功能的影响

目的 研究右美托咪定预处理对食管癌根治术单肺通气联合持续气道正压患者肺通气和氧合功能的影响。方法择期食管癌根治术患者40例,ASA分级Ⅱ^Ⅲ,性别不限,年龄45⁷0岁,BMI≤30 kg/m²,采用随机数字表法将其分为2组（n=20）:对照组（C组）、右美托咪定组（D组）。D组入室前2 h经静脉输注右美托咪定负荷量1.0μg/kg,时间>10min,再以0.2μg·kg^-1·min^-1持续输注至麻醉诱导前10 min调整为0.6μg·kg^-1·min^-1,关胸后恢复为0.2μg·kg^-1·min^-1至拔除气管导管;C组给予等容生理盐水。切皮开始各组均行OLV,非通气侧肺CPAP维持6 cmH₂O,记录患者术中HR、SBP、DBP、MAP变化;采集动脉血检测PaO₂、PaCO₂并计算P（A-aDO2）、RI、OI值。结果 与C组比较,D组患者拔管时间缩短（P<0.05）。D组HR于T_2⁶时减低,SBP、DBP、MAP于T_5⁶时减低而PaO₂、OI增高,PaCO₂、P（A-aDO₂）、RI于T₆时降低（P<0.05）;与T₁时比较,两组患者SBP、DBP、MAP于T_3⁴降低,P（A-aDO₂）于T₆增高,C组患者HR、SBP、DBP、MAP于T_3⁶时增高,PaO₂于T_4⁶时减低而PaCO₂趋于增高,RI于T_5⁶时增高,OI于T_3⁶时降低,D组OI于T_4⁵时降低（P<0.05）。结论 右美托咪定预处理即可维持食管癌根治术患者术前良好精神神经状态,在一定程度上改善了非通气侧肺组织的氧供,术后麻醉苏醒平稳,通气和氧合功能显著改善。     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血/再灌注大鼠海马CAI区细胞坏死和凋亡的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为6组:对照组(Ⅰ组,n=4)、假手术组(Ⅱ组,n=4)、模型组(Ⅲ组,n=4)、利多卡因组(Ⅳ组,n=16)、氯胺酮组(V组,n=16)、利多卡闪复合氯胺酮组(Ⅵ组,n=16),采用四血管阻断法制备全脑缺血/再灌注模型.Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组在夹闭血管前15min分别腹腔注射利多卡因10mg/kg、氯胺酮10mg/kg或利多卡因复合氯胺酮混合液10mg/kg.再灌注12、24、48、72h后行HE染色和细胞凋亡(TUNEL法)检测,观察大鼠海马CA1区细胞坏死和凋亡.结果 与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组24 h缺血神经元显著增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅵ组缺血神经元较Ⅳ、Ⅴ组显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组间无统计学差异,缺血神经元高峰在24 h出现.与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组24 h凋亡细胞显著增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅵ组细胞凋亡数较Ⅳ、Ⅴ组减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组间无统计学差异,细胞凋亡高峰在24 h到48 h间,此后,随再灌注时间的延长而减少.结论 利多卡因复合氯胺酮可减少和降低脑缺血/再灌注后大鼠神经细胞坏死和凋亡的发生.     

右美托咪定在颈丛麻醉中的应用

目的观察右美托咪定用于颈丛麻醉时的镇静效果和对循环系统的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级的甲状腺腺瘤手术患者60例,随机分为2组：观察组于颈丛阻滞后泵注右美托咪定,对照组间断静脉注射氟芬合剂。观察2组的OAA/S镇静评分、术中配合评分、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）。结果观察组患者术中镇静及配合程度优于对照组;各观察点MAP和HR均低于对照组。结论右美托咪定用于颈丛麻醉具有良好的镇静镇痛作用,并且可以有效抑制颈丛麻醉下的心血管反应,而且引起的呼吸抑制作用较小,能够增加患者的配合程度,安全性高,因此值得推广。     

氯胺酮对兔全脑缺血-再灌注海马细胞凋亡及TNF-β和IL-10的影响

目的 研究氯胺酮对兔全脑缺血-再灌注损伤中海马细胞凋亡及肿瘤坏死因子β(TNF-β)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)表达的影响.方法 新西兰大白兔45只,随机分为三组,每组15只.A组仅分离股动脉、股静脉和双侧颈总动脉.B组和C组采用股动脉放血,夹毕颈总动脉30min制作全脑缺血-再灌注模型.C组经股静脉推注氯胺酮4.5 mg/kg.取海马组织行HE染色、TUNEL、免疫组化染色,计数CA1区存活细胞、凋亡细胞、TNF-β和IL-10阳性细胞个数.结果 再灌注后12～72 h,C组存活细胞明显多于B组(P＜0.05),凋亡细胞明显少于B组(P＜0.01).再灌注后6～72 h,B、C组TNF-β明显高于A组(P＜0.05).再灌注后6h和72 h,C组TNF-β明显少于B组(P＜0.05).再灌注后6h,C组IL-10阳性细胞数明显多于A、B型,再灌注后72 h明显少于A、B组(P＜0.05).结论 氯胺酮可通过调节细胞免疫应答,减轻炎症反应,减少细胞坏死和凋亡,具有良好的脑保护作用.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后患者自控镇痛的护理实践

目的:指导经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后患者自控镇痛技术的应用,提高术后护理质量。方法:选取TURP术后行硬膜外自控镇痛技术(PCEA)患者共40例,依照入院顺序将患者随机分为对照组(Ⅰ组)和指导组(Ⅱ组)。术前经自控镇痛知识宣传教育,术后应用PCEA,采用视觉模拟量表(VAS法)和数字评价量表(NRS法)观察对比Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组患者术后镇痛效果的满意度。结果:Ⅰ组患者术后自控镇痛VAS法、NRS法评分趋于增高,术后药物追加次数随疼痛强度的增强而增加;与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组患者经术后自控镇痛联合心理护理及加强人文关怀后患者自控镇痛效果明显改善,药物追加次数明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:TURP术后硬膜外自控镇痛技术联合心理护理和人文关怀均能有效增强患者对疼痛的耐受力,降低药物不良反应,提高患者对医疗质量的满意度。     

临床护理路径在降低前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛中的应用

目的探讨临床护理路径(CNP)在经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后膀胱痉挛并发症中的实践应用效果。方法按照CNP的规范观察40例行TURP后膀胱痉挛并发症的护理实践,总结CNP在前列腺增生症患者中的应用效果。结果通过实施CNP后患者住院时间较以往护理方法缩短,住院治疗护理费用均有所降低,患者满意度大幅度提高。结论良好的CNP是提高患者满意度、缩短患者住院时间、节省医疗资源和费用的关键。     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.