经皮肾穿刺取石术三种麻醉方法的比较

目的：探讨经皮肾穿刺取石术中三种麻醉方法的优缺点。方法：在581例经皮肾穿刺取石术中采用全身麻醉（全麻）62例,均为一期手术;椎管内阻滞麻醉（椎麻）442例,437例为一期手术,5例为二期手术;局部浸润麻醉（局麻）77例,32例为一期手术,45例为二期手术。结果：使用全麻者术中均较舒适,但术后有2例发生严重的呼吸障碍,胸腹腔引流出大量液体。椎麻者俯卧位手术时间较长,时有不同程度的不适感,22例主动要求停止手术,其中侧卧位患者则无明显不适感。局麻者手术时间短,均顺利完成手术。结论：在经皮肾穿刺取石术中,全麻没有比较性优势;在体位的配合下,椎麻可以满足所有患者;对于比较单纯的肾结石及第三腰椎以上的输尿管结石,局麻也能满意解决。随着结石体积的减小、技术的提高及碎石工具的改进,可以预见局麻下经皮肾镜取石术将会得到更广泛的应用。     

枸橼酸钾对三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐肾结石大鼠的预防作用

目的观察枸橼酸钾对三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐肾结石的预防作用。方法 36只雄性大鼠随机平均分为3组,A组、B组和C组,A组灌胃2 mL蒸馏水,B组灌胃三聚氰胺（30 mg/kg）和三聚氰酸（30 mg/kg）,C组灌胃三聚氰胺（30 mg/kg）、三聚氰酸（30mg/kg）和枸橼酸钾（1 g/kg）。2周后观察大鼠肾组织三聚氰胺氰尿酸结晶的形成情况。结果 C组大鼠肾内草酸钙结晶明显少于模型组（P〈0.05）。结论枸橼酸钾对预防大鼠三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐肾结石的形成有确切效果,其作用可能主要是通过增加尿中三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐结晶的溶解、排泄而达到的。     

螺旋CT扫描在经皮肾镜碎石术围手术期的应用

目的：探讨在经皮肾镜碎石术围手术期中运用螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术的临床价值。方法：对68例复杂性肾结石患者运用螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术进行术前模拟定位,制定最佳的穿刺通道,术中根据CT结果搜寻结石,术后即刻、1、3、5天行CT扫描。结果：本组68例复杂性肾结石中建立手术通道75条：从穿刺到建立第一条手术通道的时间为5～10min,通道位置完全符合手术前设计72条;手术时间50～110min;38例结石完全取尽,结石完全清除率55．9％,残留结石碎片者（≤4mm）22例,残留小结石（〉4mm）8例;术中发生集合系统穿孔5例。胸腔积液者30例,占44．1％;全部患者皆有肾周积液,多者延及盆腔,平均约105．8ml,此后逐渐吸收;1例集合系统大量积血,术后全部肾脏肾实质皆较术前增厚,但此后逐渐恢复术前状态。结论：螺旋CT扫描能为经皮肾镜碎石术术前提供精确的穿刺径路,术中为寻找结石提供方向,术后能精确发现残存结石的大小、位置及有无出血、灌注液的逆流和外渗,螺旋CT扫描是经皮肾镜碎石术术前、术后较理想的影像学检查。     

NGAL、MMP-9及TIMP-1在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中的表达

目的：动态观测单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中中性粒细胞相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（TIMP—1）的表达变化,探讨NGAL分子在肾小管间质纤维化发展中的作用机制。方法：将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为UUO模型组及假手术（SOR）组,每组24只,UUO组行左侧输尿管梗阻术,SOR组仅游离左侧输尿管不结扎。术后第1、4、7、14天分别处死每组6只大鼠,取左肾行HE＆Masson染色,并用免疫组化EI,iVision‘M1plus法检测肾组织NGAL、MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达。结果：HE、Masson染色切片示：UUO组间质损伤指数在术后各时间点高于SOR组（P〈0．05）。免疫组化结果显示：UUO组术后各时间点NGAL表达高于SOR组（P〈0．05）,与肾小管损伤指数呈明显负相关;MMP-9在uu0术后早期（1～7天）有所上升,随着病程进展,7～14天表达有所下降;TIMP1在UUO术后表达逐渐增强;NGAI。与MMP-9／TIMP-1比值呈明显正相关。结论：NGAL在肾间质纤维化早期发挥负向调节作用,对调节MMP-9／TIMP-1的平衡亦发挥重要作用。     

三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐致肾脏损害的实验研究

目的 研究三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐对大鼠肾脏的毒性作用.方法 SD大鼠90只,随机分为200、400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组和对照组,每组30只.三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组分别给予200、400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐灌胃,对照组则给予2ml无菌蒸馏水灌胃,每天1次,连续60d.各组随机选定6只大鼠用代谢笼收集前7d的24h尿液...     

利尿剂在三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸致大鼠急性肾损伤中的治疗作用

Objective To investigate the effect of diuretic (furosemide) therapy on kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. Methods 36 male Spragne Dawley rats were random disided into 3 groups. Group A was treated with 2mL of water daily, group B was treated with melamine and cyanuric acid ( each 100 mg/kg) daily for 4 days and then 2ml of water daily, group C was treated with the same as group B at the first 4 days and then treatment with furosemide (20mg/kg) daily. Samples of blood and 24h urine were collected to detective biochemical indexes, and kidney sections were performed on days 4 and 11 ( each end point, n = 6). The kidneys were observed with histopathology and renal crystal deposition scores were determined. Results On the 4th day, group B and group C were resulted in acute kidney injury such as oliguria [ ( 3. 39 ± 1.02 ) ml, ( 3. 20 ± 0. 86 ) ml ] and high serum creatinine [ ( 153.54 ±27. 08)μmol/L, (160. 11 ± 19. 55)μmol/L] and renal melamine cyanurate crystal were found in the renal tissues. On the 11th day, the renal crystal deposition score in the rats was reduced by 9. 52% ( P >0. 05). Compared with those of the 4th day in group B, it reduced by 63.63%( P <0.05) in group C. Urine volume were increased significantly compared with those of the 4th day( P < 0. 05 ) in group C [ from (3.20±0. 86)ml to (25.96 ±5.97)ml] and group B [ from(3. 39 ± 1.02)ml to (8. 57 ± 1.66)ml] , and Urine volume in group C was increased significantly more than that in group B ( P < 0. 05 ). The serum creatinine was obviously reduced as compared with those of the 4th day in group B and C( P <0.05), from[ (153. 54±27.08) μmol/L] to [ ( 106. 10 ±5.53) μmol/L] in group B and from [ ( 160. 11 ± 19. 55) μmol/L] to [ (67. 17 ± 12. 80 ) μmol/L] in group C, but the serum creatinine in group B was still higher than that in group A and C ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions Furosemide can attenuate the damage of acute kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid.     

云母粉治疗上消化道出血60例

1971～1974年,我们曾试用云母粉治疗60例上消化道出血患者,近期效果尚好,现报告如下。一、临床资料:在60例中,男性52例,女性8例。年龄在21～63岁之间,以31～50岁为多,共53例。病人均有呕血或柏油便的症状,潜血试验均呈强阳性。其中经过 X 线钡餐证实者有:十二指肠球部溃疡19例,胃溃疡6例,复合性溃疡2例,慢性胃炎3例,胃癌1例。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术后并发输尿管狭窄回顾性分析

目的:探讨输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术后输尿管狭窄的原因及其预防和处理。方法:回顾性分析我院2009年1月~2012年12月期间对635例输尿管结石患者行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术的临床资料,总结输尿管镜碎石术后发生输尿管狭窄的特点及处理方法。结果:术后出现输尿管狭窄26例(4.09%);其中输尿管完全闭锁11例(1.73%)。结论:钬激光碎石对输尿管有损伤作用,可导致输尿管狭窄,尤其对嵌顿性结石要注意操作技巧和术后正确的预防及随访。     

OLYMPUS AU400生化分析仪“3361”报警完全解析

本文对AU400全自动生化分析仪＂3361＂报警的处理进行分析讨论。