Personal comorbidities and their subsequent risks for liver,gallbladder and bile duct cancers

Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and nonalcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards. SIRs for HCC were 80 to 100 in men and women diagnosed with hepatitis C virus and they were also >10 in patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis, hepatic autoimmune disease and nonalcohol related liver disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone disease, nonhepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations of the study include inability to cover some rare risk factors and limited follow-up time. Many of the considered comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for all these cancers.     

儿童胃石症9例诊治经验

目的 总结儿童胃石症的临床特点及治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2009年6月至2020年6月收治的9例胃石症患儿临床资料.结果 9例胃石症患儿均为女性,年龄为4～13岁,其中8例有异食癖,1例发病前曾大量进食柿子.7例经内镜检查确诊,1例经CT确诊,1例经消化道造影确诊.4例经内镜取石治疗,5例经外科手术治疗,最终8例确诊为毛发性胃石症,1例为植物性胃石症.随访1～2 a,9例患儿均恢复良好,胃石症未复发,贫血及营养不良状况均有不同程度改善.结论 儿童胃石症常见于女童,多伴有异食癖,一经诊断应及时治疗,首选内镜取石,内镜取出失败可考虑外科手术治疗,治疗效果及患儿预后好.     

Correction to: Effect of JAK inhibitors on high- and low-density lipoprotein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Clinical Rheumatology -     

基于HPLC指纹图谱、多指标成分含量测定结合化学计量学的怀牛膝质量评价＊

目的 本实验采用HPLC方法建立来自3个产地15批怀牛膝药材的指纹图谱，并对β-蜕皮甾酮，25R-牛膝甾酮，25S-牛膝甾酮进行含量测定，同时通过化学计量学的方法对15批怀牛膝进行质量评价。方法 选用Waters SunFire C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）色谱柱，检测波长280 nm，以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 mL·min^-1，柱温25℃，进样量10 μL。以β-蜕皮甾酮峰为参照峰，运用软件《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）》对15批怀牛膝药材进行相似度分析，使用Metabo Analyst 5.0网站进行聚类热图分析，使用SIMCA 14.1软件进行PCA和PLS-DA分析。结果 标定了31个共有指纹峰，指认了3个已知成分，并对其进行含量测定，化学计量学分析结果将15批怀牛膝药材样品分为3类，并且筛选了不同产地间潜在的差异性成分。结论 该方法具有良好的精密度、重复性以及稳定性，可为怀牛膝的质量评价与控制提供科学依据及参考。     

多功能套针浮刺疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病——一项随机对照观察研究＊

目的 评价多功能套针浮刺疗法对神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法 选取256例神经根型颈椎病患者，按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各128例。观察组应用多功能套针浮刺疗法进行干预，对照组为常规针刺治疗。两组患者均治疗7天。分别于治疗前后观察两组患者的简化McGill疼痛问卷（SF-MPQ）、国际标准颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）和田中靖久颈椎病症状20分法量表评分，并于治疗结束后3个月观察复发率。结果 两组患者治疗后的SF-MPQ量表评分、NDI量表评分及田中靖久颈椎病症状20分法评分与治疗前相比均有改善（P<0.05），且观察组优于对照组（P<0.05）；两组患者于治疗后3个月随访，SF-MPQ量表评分与治疗后相比均有改善，且观察组优于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组临床疗效总有效率为96.88%，愈显率为81.25%；对照组总有效率为78.13%，愈显率为46.88%，观察组优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 应用多功能套针浮刺疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病临床疗效显著，见效较快，可有效降低其复发率，且作用稳定，效果持久，值得临床推广应用。     

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospital attendance of patients with primary cervical cancer in Heilongjiang,China

Information regarding the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cervical cancer in mainland China is lacking. We explored its impact on the hospital attendance of patients with primary cervical cancer. We included 1918 patients with primary cervical cancer who initially attended Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 23, 2019, and January 23, 2021. Attendance decreased by 31%, from 1135 in 2019 to 783 in 2020, mainly from January to June (𝜒² = 73.362, P < .001). The percentage of patients detected by screening decreased from 12.1% in January-June 2019 to 5.8% in January-June 2020 (𝜒² = 7.187, P = .007). Patients with stage I accounted for 28.4% in 2020 significantly lower than 36.6% in 2019 (𝜒² = 14.085, P < .001), and patients with stage III accounted for 27.1% in 2020 significantly higher than 20.5% in 2019 (𝜒² = 11.145, P < .001). Waiting time for treatment was extended from 8 days (median) in January-June and July-December 2019 to 16 days in January-June (𝜒² = 74.674, P < .001) and 12 days in July-December 2020 (𝜒² = 37.916, P < .001). Of the 179 patients who delayed treatment, 164 (91.6%) were for the reasons of the healthcare providers. Compared to 2019, the number of patients in Harbin or non-Harbin in Heilongjiang Province and outside the province decreased, and cross-regional medical treatment has been hindered. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted cervical cancer patient attendance at the initial phase. These results are solid evidence that a strategy and mechanism for the effective attendance of cervical cancer patients in response to public health emergencies is urgently needed.