人工全膝关节置换术中保留滑膜对术后感染的预防效果

目的 探析人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)中保留滑膜对术后感染的预防效果,进一步明确其可行性和临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2014 年1 月—2016 年1 月248 例行单膝TKA 原发性膝骨关节炎患者的临床资料,均行TKA 治疗,对照组120 例术中切除滑膜,观察组128 例术中保留滑膜,对比两组患者一般手术情况、感染指标水平变化情况、膝关节功能恢复及感染情况.结果 对照组患者手术时间(89.56 ±26.35) min、术中出血量(472.42 ±86.18) mL、术后24 h 引流量(685.25 ±92.68)mL 及术后输血率29.17%均明显高于观察组[(71.25 ±21.58) min、(198.56 ±48.52) mL、(354.26 ±75.28) mL、10.94%](均P <0.05),两组患者在术后1 周关节活动范围、住院时间基本相近(均P >0.05);两组患者各项指标术后1 d、术后7 d 均较术前明显增高,于术后14 d 降至正常水平.观察组患者WBC、CRP、血沉水平在术前、术后1、7、14 d、术后6、12 周、术后6月、术后1 年8 个不同时间段均稍高于对照组,但经组间t 检验均P >0.05;观察组术后12 周HSS 评分表中功能评分(19.65 ±2.46) 分和总评分(86.06 ±1.68) 分均高于对照组[(18.92 ±2.36)、(85.06 ±1.58) 分](均P <0.05),其他项评分两组评分基本相近(均P >0.05);术后1 年HSS 评分表中各项评分和总评分基本相近(均P >0.05);观察组患者术后感染率为0.78%明显低于对照组的5.00%(P <0.05).结论 人工全膝关节置换术中保留滑膜可缩短手术时间、减少出血量和输血量进而预防术后感染的发生,且不影响患者术后膝关节功能恢复,可在TKA 手术中广泛开展.     

Fibronectin splice variation in human knee cartilage,meniscus and synovial membrane: Observations in osteoarthritic knee

Fibronectin (FN) is a widely expressed molecule that can participate in development of osteoarthritis (OA) affecting cartilage, meniscus, and synovial membrane (SM). The alternatively spliced isoforms of FN in joint tissues other than cartilage have not been extensively studied previously. The present study compares FN splice variation in patients with varying degrees of osteoarthritic change. Joint tissues were collected from asymptomatic donors and patients undergoing arthroscopic procedures. Total RNA was amplified by PCR using primers flanking alternatively spliced Extra Domain A (EDA), Extra Domain B (EDB) and Variable (V) regions. EDB⁺, EDB^? and EDA^? and V⁺ variants were present in all joint tissues, while the EDA⁺ variant was rarely detected. Expression levels of EDB⁺ and EDV⁺ variants were similar in cartilage, synovium, and meniscal tissues. Synovial expression of V⁺ FN in arthroscopy patients varied with degree of cartilage degeneration. Two V^? isoforms, previously identified in cartilage, were also present in SM and meniscus. Fibronectin splicing in meniscus and SM bears striking resemblance to that of cartilage. Expression levels of synovial V⁺ FN varied with degree of cartilage degeneration. V⁺ FN should be investigated as a potential biomarker of disease stage or progression in larger populations. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:556–562, 2015.

     

Studies of histamine in the rheumatoid joint

Summary Fragments of synovial membranes from three patients with rheumatoid arthritis were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). Histamine was released into the medium at rates up to 649.3 ng/g synovium/day. To investigate whether histamine in synovial fluid may have more than a vasoactive role, cells cultured from human trabecular bone adjacent to a rheumatoid joint and human adherent rheumatoid synovial cells were incubated with different concentrations of histamine for 5 min. Histamine increased the intracellular content of cyclic AMP up to three fold in a dose-related manner but had no effect on synovial cells. This offers preliminary evidence that cells grown from human trabecular bone have histamine receptors.     

复方丹参注射液对实验性大鼠类风湿关节炎的病理学影响

Rheumatoidarthritis（RA）isakindofautoimmunitydiseases，intheearlyphase，itmainlyaffectssynoviumandthengraduallyextendtojoints．Large－dosedcompoundsagerootinjectioniseffectiveintreatingRAinclinic，therapeuticeffectissatisfying．Inordertostudytheinvolvedmechanism，weestablishedCIAmodelsinducedbycol－lagenIItoinvestigatemechanismspathologically．１Materialsandmethod１．１ExperimentalanimalsNormalWistarratsweighting（１２０±２０）gwereprovidedbyCenterofExperimentalAnimalsofFirstMili－tar…     

巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网在类风湿关节炎患者滑膜中的表 达及其临床意义

摘要：目的 通过检测类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）患者滑膜巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网（ＭＥＴｓ）形成情况，探讨 ＭＥＴｓ 在 ＲＡ 发病中的作用。 方法 收集 ＲＡ 及创伤手术患者的滑膜组织，采用苏木精－伊红（ＨＥ）染色检测炎症浸润情况，激光共聚焦显微镜观察巨噬细 胞（Ｆ４ ／ ８０＋ ）的表达、巨噬细胞极化（Ｆ４ ／ ８０＋ＣＤ８６＋ ，Ｆ４ ／ ８０＋ＣＤ２０６＋ ）情况、ＭＥＴｓ（Ｆ４ ／ ８０＋ Ｈ２Ａ＋ ）形成水平。 分离滑膜细胞，用蛋 白免疫印迹法检测滑膜细胞中 ＭＥＴｓ 瓜氨酸化组蛋白 Ｈ３（ＣＨ３）及肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶 ４（ＰＡＤ４）的水平。 结果 与创伤手 术患者比较，ＲＡ 患者滑膜组织炎性浸润程度较重，炎性细胞增多，巨噬细胞总数和Ⅰ型巨噬细胞（Ｍ１）比例均显著增多（９８± ７．０９ ｖｓ １０±１．１５，０．７８±０．０２２ ｖｓ ０．１３±０．０１１，Ｐ＜０．００１），两组间 Ｍ２ 型巨噬细胞比例差异无统计学意义（０．２３±０．０１９ ｖｓ ０．１８± ０．０１２，Ｐ＞０．０５）。 ＲＡ 组 ＭＥＴｓ 形成显著高于对照组（０．６５±０．０２３ ｖｓ ０．１８±０．０１２，Ｐ＜０．００１）。 蛋白免疫印迹法显示 ＲＡ 患者滑膜 ＰＡＤ４ 和 ＣＨ３ 水平较创伤手术患者明显增多（０．８２±０．０１８ ｖｓ ０．２０±０．０１５，０．８３±０．０１３ ｖｓ ０．４０±０．０１２，Ｐ＜０．００１）。 结论 ＲＡ 患者 滑膜中巨噬细胞明显增多，且以 Ｍ１ 型巨噬细胞为主，ＭＥＴｓ 形成明显增多。     

Human mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis

We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid (SF) increased in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis. SF was obtained from the knee joints of 22 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during ACL reconstruction, and cartilage degeneration was evaluated arthroscopically. SF was also obtained from the knee joints of 6 healthy volunteers, 20 patients with mild osteoarthritis, and 26 patients with severe osteoarthritis, in which the grading was evaluated radiographically. The cell component in the SF was cultured for analyses. Synovium (SYN) and bone marrow (BM) were also harvested during total knee arthroplasties. The MSC number in SF was correlated with the cartilage degeneration score evaluated by arthroscopy. The MSC number in the SF was hardly noticed in normal volunteers, but it increased in accordance with the grading of osteoarthritis. Though no significant differences were observed regarding surface epitopes, or differentiation potentials, the morphology and gene profiles in SF MSCs were more similar to those in SYN MSCs than in BM MSCs. We listed 20 genes which were expressed higher in both SYN MSCs and SF MSCs than in BM MSCs, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. MSCs in SF increased along with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis.     

内镜下手术治疗腕管综合征的应用分析

目的探讨内镜下手术治疗伴有滑膜增生腕管综合征(CTS)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析在该院手术治疗的37例(41腕)伴有腱周滑膜组织增生的CTS患者,术中均在内镜下切断腕横韧带,同时经内镜入口切除指浅屈肌腱周围增生的滑膜。比较患者手术前后临床症状、体征改变,统计术后优良率。结果按Kelly分级,术后整体优良率为95.12%。夜间麻醒症状均消失,Tinel征、Phalen征阳性率降低至2.44%(P0.05),两点辨别觉平均值低至(3.5±0.9)mm(P0.05),无严重并发症。结论对于伴有腕管内滑膜轻度增生的特发性CTS患者,内镜下腕横韧带切开联合滑膜组织切除,是一种新的、可行的、近期疗效显著的治疗方式,值得临床推广。     

Exploration of the pathogenesis of haemophilic joint arthropathy: understanding implications for optimal clinical management

Haemophilia is an inherited disorder of clotting factor deficiencies resulting in musculoskeletal bleeding, including haemarthroses, leading to orthopaedic complications. The pathogenesis of haemophilic joint arthropathy continues to be explored and there is evidence to suggest that iron, cytokines, and neo angiogenesis can initiate synovial and early cartilage damage resulting in molecular changes and the perpetuation of a chronic inflammatory state. This joint arthropathy has long term consequences for bone health resulting in chronic pain and quality of life issues in the individual with haemophilia. Haemarthroses can be prevented by the administration of clotting factor concentrates (prophylaxis). However, high costs and the need for venous access devices in younger children continue to complicate recommendations for universal prophylaxis. In patients who fail or refuse prophylaxis, procedures, such as synovectomy and arthroplasty, can provide relief from repeated haemarthroses. The optimal timing of these, however, is not well defined. Prevention of joint arthropathy needs to focus on prevention of haemarthroses through prophylaxis, identifying early joint disease through the optimal use of cost effective imaging modalities and the validation of serological markers of joint arthropathy. Screening for effects on bone health and optimal management of pain to improve quality of life are, likewise, important issues.