多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗教学中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院疼痛科进修的30名医师作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与观察组;对照组采用常规教学模式;观察组采用多元化联合教学模式,比较两组医师技能考核成绩、教学质量评分和满意度评分。结果观察组医师技能考核成绩优良率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);观察组医师对基础理论知识掌握、临床思维能力的提高、学习兴趣的激发、疾病诊治能力的提高4个方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论多元化联合教学模式可促进超声引导下疼痛介入治疗技能的提高,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力。     

Endodontics Specialists’ Practice during the Initial Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019

IntroductionThe first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States resulted in a nationwide closure of dental offices that created an oral health crisis. The aim of this observational study was to analyze and compare the characteristics of patients who visited 2 private endodontics offices from March 16 to May 31, 2020, compared with the same period in 2019.MethodsDemographic, diagnostic, and procedural data of 1520 (693 in 2020 and 827 in 2019) patient visits were collected. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patient-related variables.ResultsBivariate analyses showed that the number of patient visits decreased in April and May 2020 (P < .0001). In 2020, patients’ self-reported pain level was higher, they were more frequently diagnosed with pulp necrosis and acute apical abscess, and they received more incisions for drainage (P < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with less visits for older patients (>49.5 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.720; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.573–0.906), more patients with kidney diseases (OR = 2.690; 95% CI, 1.143–6.331), higher levels of pain on percussion (OR = 2.277; 95% CI, 1.718–3.016), less cases with previously initiated treatment (OR = 0.242; 95% CI, 0.080–0.731), less periapical diagnoses of asymptomatic apical periodontitis (OR = 0.510; 95% CI, 0.306–0.849), and a higher number of nonsurgical root canal treatments (OR = 2.073; 95% CI, 1.397–3.074) and apicoectomies (OR = 2.799; 95% CI, 1.367-5.729).ConclusionsThese findings show that the public health burden of endodontic infections was more intense during the initial outbreak of COVID-19.     

慢性疼痛中枢调控网络的研究现状与思考＊

慢性疼痛是一种复杂的身心疾病，包括躯体痛觉异常、认知障碍、负性情绪等多个方面的改变，同时伴随着神经系统的功能以及结构的改变。本文将对慢性疼痛与下行疼痛调节通路、疼痛情感-认知调控网络以及中脑边缘奖赏网络的相关性，以及针刺镇痛的中枢机制相关研究文献进行综述，旨在探讨下行疼痛调节通路、疼痛情感-认知调控网络以及中脑边缘奖赏网络在慢痛发生机制中的作用，为临床治疗慢性疼痛类疾病提供更优势的治疗方案。     

Cannabis and orofacial pain: a systematic review

The naturally occurring cannabis plant has played an established role in pain management throughout recorded history. However, in recent years, both natural and synthetic cannabis-based products for medicinal use (CBPM) have gained increasing worldwide attention due to growing evidence supporting their use in alleviating chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain associated with an array of conditions. In view of these products’ growing popularity in both the medical and commercial fields, we carried out a systematic review to ascertain the effects of cannabis and its synthetically derived products on orofacial pain and inflammation. The application of topical dermal cannabidiol formulation has shown positive findings such as reducing pain and improving muscle function in patients suffering from myofascial pain. Conversely, two orally-administered synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (AZD1940 and GW842166) failed to demonstrate significant analgesic effects following surgical third molar removal. There is a paucity of literature pertaining to the effects of cannabis-based products in the orofacial region; however, there is a wealth of high-quality evidence supporting their use for treating chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions in other areas. Further research is warranted to explore and substantiate the therapeutic role of CBPMs in the context of orofacial pain and inflammation. As evidence supporting their use expands, healthcare professionals should pay close attention to outcomes and changes to legislation that may impact and potentially benefit their patients.     

脐带间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体对骨性关节炎模型大鼠的镇痛作用

目的观察脐带间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体对骨性关节炎模型大鼠疼痛行为、软骨修复及背根神经节(DRG)中转录激活因子3(ATF-3)及生长相关蛋白43(GAP-43)表达的影响, 并探讨外泌体治疗关节炎疼痛的可能机制。方法采用随机数字表法将54只雄性SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和外泌体组, 每组18只, 除假手术组外, 其余2组均于左后肢膝关节腔注射4 mg/50 μl单碘乙酸钠(MIA)建立疼痛模型, 假手术组大鼠关节腔注射50 μl生理盐水作为对照。造模14天后, 假手术组和模型组大鼠左后肢膝关节腔注射50 μl生理盐水, 外泌体组大鼠注射50 μl外泌体。于造模前1天、造模后第7、14天及给药后第7、14、28天对各组大鼠机械痛阈和热痛阈进行测定;于测试后取出相应时间点DRG, 采用免疫蛋白印迹法检测ATF-3及GAP-43表达情况;并取出相应时间点各组大鼠膝关节, 采用苏木素伊红(HE)染色检测软骨修复情况。结果与模型组比较, 外泌体组在给药后第7天时, 机械痛阈值及热痛阈值均明显增加, 直到给药后第28天时差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);DRG水平ATF-3蛋白表达显著...     

肠运动昼夜节律及其外科临床意义

肠运动存在昼夜节律，表现为白天活跃，夜间减弱或消失，这是一种内生性的、由时钟基因控制的生物节律。肠运动节律既可与中央节律保持高度一致，也可独立于中央节律而对外周环境刺激做出反馈。外科手术会破坏肠运动的昼夜节律，而围手术期合理使用褪黑素、五羟色胺（5-HT）受体激动剂和非甾体类解热镇痛药等药物则有助于促进此节律的恢复。外科医生了解肠运动节律的机制，有助于加深术后肠麻痹（POI）的认识，再基于时辰药理学，在合适的时机以适宜的剂量给药，或许能进一步缩短POI时间，促进肠运动功能尽早恢复。     

Tamoxifen in Mastalgia: A Meta-Analysis

ObjectivesTamoxifen is prescribed for chronic mastalgia at a dosage of one 10- or 20-mg tablet for 3–6 months. A topical preparation of this drug has recently been approved. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the effectiveness of tamoxifen and its different regimens for the treatment of mastalgia. We also sought to summarize the side effects and the follow-up results of these treatments.Data SourcesWe searched the databases of PubMed/ MEDLINE, Central, Embase, and EBSCO from August 2021 to September 2021.Study SelectionArticles on the effects of tamoxifen in mastalgia were searched, and randomized controlled trials were retrieved for inclusion in this study. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and we selected 9 articles for the meta-analysis.Data Extraction and SynthesisA proforma was prepared for data collection. RevMan 5.4 software was used for methodological quality assessment, statistical analysis, and preparation of forest plots. Oral tamoxifen performed better than placebo (risk ratio [RR] 2.04; 95% CI 1.49–2.78, P < 0.001). No significant difference in efficacy was seen between the 10- and 20-mg dosages (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.97–1.21, P = 0.18) when used for 3 months.ConclusionOral tamoxifen is helpful in long-standing mastalgia. It is safe and effective at an oral dose of 10 mg.     

短时程脊髓电刺激治疗爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹的临床研究

目的探讨短时程脊髓电刺激(temporary spinal cord stimulation, tSCS)治疗爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹的临床疗效。方法回顾性地分析同济大学附属第十人民医院疼痛科2020年1月—2020年12月收治的52例接受tSCS治疗的爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹患者的临床资料，评估在治疗前、治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的总体疼痛情况(numerical rating scale, NRS)评分、(simple McGill scores, McGill)评分、爆发痛情况(发生率、NRS评分、次数以及持续时间)、触诱发痛情况(发生率、分级)、术后不良反应等；评估在治疗前、治疗后7d、3个月、6个月的睡眠时长、睡眠中醒来次数、疼痛障碍指数(pain disorder index, PDI)、功能状态评分(Karnofsky score, KPS)、抑郁症筛查量表(patient health questionnaire depression module scale, PHQ-9)和焦虑症筛查量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale, GAD-7)等。结果与治疗前相比，治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的总体疼痛NRS评分、总体疼痛MCGILL评分、静息痛NRS评分明显降低(均P<0.001)；与治疗前相比，治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的的爆发痛NRS评分明显降低(均P<0.05)，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月时的爆发痛次数以及持续时间都明显降低(均P<0.05)；与治疗前比较，患者治疗后7d、14d、3个月、6个月时的触诱发痛的分级都明显降低，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)；与治疗前相比，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月的PDI评分明显降低(P<0.05)；与治疗前相比，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月的PHQ-9评分和GAD-7评分都明显减少(P<0.05)，与术前的药物使用情况相比，治疗后各镇痛药使用人数普遍呈下降趋势；术中及整个随访期间未观察到严重不良事件。结论短时程脊髓电刺激对爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹具有较好的临床疗效。