全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11751篇 |
免费 | 1127篇 |
国内免费 | 268篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 265篇 |
儿科学 | 157篇 |
妇产科学 | 298篇 |
基础医学 | 1240篇 |
口腔科学 | 205篇 |
临床医学 | 926篇 |
内科学 | 835篇 |
皮肤病学 | 307篇 |
神经病学 | 69篇 |
特种医学 | 533篇 |
外国民族医学 | 15篇 |
外科学 | 2846篇 |
综合类 | 1378篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 207篇 |
眼科学 | 27篇 |
药学 | 428篇 |
7篇 | |
中国医学 | 63篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3338篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 31篇 |
2023年 | 206篇 |
2022年 | 401篇 |
2021年 | 532篇 |
2020年 | 499篇 |
2019年 | 484篇 |
2018年 | 455篇 |
2017年 | 435篇 |
2016年 | 464篇 |
2015年 | 476篇 |
2014年 | 727篇 |
2013年 | 677篇 |
2012年 | 625篇 |
2011年 | 765篇 |
2010年 | 591篇 |
2009年 | 600篇 |
2008年 | 639篇 |
2007年 | 662篇 |
2006年 | 563篇 |
2005年 | 484篇 |
2004年 | 432篇 |
2003年 | 376篇 |
2002年 | 309篇 |
2001年 | 238篇 |
2000年 | 190篇 |
1999年 | 166篇 |
1998年 | 157篇 |
1997年 | 107篇 |
1996年 | 80篇 |
1995年 | 70篇 |
1994年 | 80篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 80篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 36篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 47篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Giorgio Gandaglia Guillaume Ploussard Massimo Valerio Agostino Mattei Cristian Fiori Nicola Fossati Armando Stabile Jean-Baptiste Beauval Bernard Malavaud Mathieu Roumiguié Daniele Robesti Paolo Dell’Oglio Marco Moschini Stefania Zamboni Arnas Rakauskas Francesco De Cobelli Francesco Porpiglia Francesco Montorsi Alberto Briganti 《European urology》2019,75(3):506-514
Background
Available models for predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) might not be applicable to men diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies.Objective
To assess the accuracy of available tools to predict LNI and to develop a novel model for men diagnosed via MRI-targeted biopsies.Design, setting, and participants
A total of 497 patients diagnosed via MRI-targeted biopsies and treated with RP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) at five institutions were retrospectively identified.Outcome measurements and statistical analyses
Three available models predicting LNI were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses. A nomogram predicting LNI was developed and internally validated.Results and limitations
Overall, 62 patients (12.5%) had LNI. The median number of nodes removed was 15. The AUC for the Briganti 2012, Briganti 2017, and MSKCC nomograms was 82%, 82%, and 81%, respectively, and their calibration characteristics were suboptimal. A model including PSA, clinical stage and maximum diameter of the index lesion on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), grade group on targeted biopsy, and the presence of clinically significant PCa on concomitant systematic biopsy had an AUC of 86% and represented the basis for a coefficient-based nomogram. This tool exhibited a higher AUC and higher net benefit compared to available models developed using standard biopsies. Using a cutoff of 7%, 244 ePLNDs (57%) would be spared and a lower number of LNIs would be missed compared to available nomograms (1.6% vs 4.6% vs 4.5% vs 4.2% for the new nomogram vs Briganti 2012 vs Briganti 2017 vs MSKCC).Conclusions
Available models predicting LNI are characterized by suboptimal accuracy and clinical net benefit for patients diagnosed via MRI-targeted biopsies. A novel nomogram including mpMRI and MRI-targeted biopsy data should be used to identify candidates for ePLND in this setting.Patient summary
We developed the first nomogram to predict lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer patients diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy undergoing radical prostatectomy. Adoption of this model to identify candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection could avoid up to 60% of these procedures at the cost of missing only 1.6% patients with LNI. 相似文献2.
3.
目的:分析T1期(肿瘤直径<2cm)原发性乳腺癌女性患者绝经前后在肿瘤大小、病理分类、淋巴结转移率和数目。方法:常规病理检验以及应用免疫组化、HE法分别测定绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经后乳腺癌患者者的ER、PR。结果:两组患者在肿瘤大小上无明显差异,但绝经前乳腺癌患者浸润导管癌的百分比为 84. 7%,绝经后乳腺癌患者的浸润导管癌百分比为 62. 2%,经χ2 检验,P<0. 01。两组淋巴结转移率分别为 39. 3%和 25. 5%,经χ2 检验,P<0. 01。两组ER和PR阳性伴淋巴结转移的比例经χ2 检验,P<0. 05。结论:绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经后乳腺癌患者在病理分类、淋巴结转移率及数目、ER、PR阳性伴淋巴结转移上有显著性差异。对于T1原发性乳腺癌患者不论有无淋巴结转移,均应行癌肿切除伴Ⅰ、Ⅱ级淋巴结清扫。 相似文献
4.
Clinical parameters that predict histology of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node mass in testicular cancer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
MIZUKI ONOZAWA KOJI KAWAI TAKAHIRO YAMAMOTO SHIRO HINOTSU SADAMU TSUKAMOTO KAZUNORI HATTORI NAOTO MIYANAGA TORU SHIMAZUI HIDEYUKI AKAZA 《International journal of urology》2004,11(7):535-541
BACKGROUND: Since the advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the majority of metastatic testicular cancers can be cured by chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). However, postchemotherapy RPLND confers no therapeutic benefit if the residual mass contains no viable cells. Therefore, to determine which parameters predict a patient's likelihood of having only necrosis in the residual mass, we retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters of patients who underwent postchemotherapy RPLND. METHODS: Data from 27 patients with metastatic testicular cancer were analyzed. The histology of the primary tumor was seminoma in 11 cases and non-seminoma in 16 cases. All of the patients with non-seminoma showed a normalization of tumor markers after chemotherapy. Analysis of clinical parameters included data for the initial histology, pretreatment tumor marker levels, postchemotherapy retroperitoneal mass size, and the histology of the dissected RPLNs. RESULTS: Histological examination of dissected RPLNs showed residual tumor in 27% of seminoma patients and 38% of non-seminoma patients. In seminoma patients, no viable cells were found in all six patients with pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels below 7.5 times the upper limit of normal, or in all five of the patients with postchemotherapy RPLNs less than 2.5 cm. In non-seminoma patients, no viable cells were found in nine of 10 patients with pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels less than 2700 ng/mL, or in eight of nine patients with residual mass less than 2.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Both postchemotherapy RPLN mass size and pretreatment tumor marker levels are possible predictors for necrosis of the residual mass in testicular cancer patients. 相似文献
5.
K. OKAMURA I. KOBAYASHI K. MATSUO T. KIYOSHIMA K. YAMAMOTO A. MIYOSHI & H. SAKAI 《Histopathology》1997,31(6):540-548
Aims:
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D (CD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in 65 cases of breast carcinoma in Japanese women and traditional prognostic factors such as histological grade, lymph node status, mitotic rate and clinical stage, in order to possibly identify some indicator(s) that may be specifically associated with prognosis.
Methods and results:
Serial sections of 5-μm thick were cut from the archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and processed for CD, PCNA and EGF-R immunostaining. The results were analysed by computer-based image analysis system. All samples showed a positive immunoreaction for cathepsin D in both the parenchyma and stroma. However, the staining area and intensity varied from cell to cell in the parenchyma and stroma as well as among samples. Subsequently, the evaluation of immunostaining for CD was separately performed in both the parenchyma and stroma (CDpar and CDstr, respectively) and the combination of both components (CDtotal). PCNA and EGF-R showed positive immunostaining almost exclusively in the parenchymal component of the carcinoma tissue specimens. CDtotal significantly correlated with the histological grade, PCNA index (PI), mitotic rate (MR), EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. Significant correlation was also demonstrated between CDpar and the histological grade, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis, or between CDstr and MR, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. EGF-R correlated highly with the histological grade, MR score, lymph node metastases and recurrence-free survival.
Conclusions:
Both the CD parameters and EGF-R are valuable indicators for predicting the biological behaviour of human breast carcinoma. 相似文献
6.
7.
18F-FDG PET/CT对非小细胞肺癌区域淋巴结诊断的假阴性与假阳性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的探讨18^F-FDG PET/CT在检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)区域淋巴结中出现假阴性和假阳性的因素。方法随机选择手术治疗的NSCLC患者48例,术前1周内行18^F—FDG PET/CT检查,同期行CT增强扫描,术后根据病理检查结果分析PET/CT诊断NSCLC区域淋巴结转移的假阴性与假阳性因素。结果48例患者共切除区域淋巴结313枚,转移淋巴结51枚,PET/CT结果7枚假阴性。8枚假阳性,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为85%,97%,高于CT(57%,94%;P=0.002,0.045)。3枚假阴性淋巴结内的癌灶较小;2枚淋巴结短径约为0.4mm,小于PET/CT的空间分辨率;2枚紧邻原发灶的淋巴结,图像无法区分而视为原发灶。8枚假阳性淋巴结为患者在原发病灶基础上并发不同程度的肺部疾病和淋巴结炎症,使其糖代谢率增高。结论假阳性出于(1)淋巴结的短径小于PET/CT的空间分辨率;(2)淋巴结内的小癌灶糖代谢率较低;(3)紧邻原发灶的淋巴结与原发灶无法区分。原发肿瘤合并肺部疾病是导致PET/CT出现假阳性的重要原因。 相似文献
8.
逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测胃癌淋巴结微转移 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 检测胃癌常规病理检查阴性的淋巴结微转移的发生及与其它临床参考指标的关系。方法 利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测68枚胃癌胃周淋巴结癌胚抗原(CEA)mRNA基因表达,同时比较RT-PCR与免疫组化(IHC)方法的检测敏感性。结果 CEAmRNA RT-PCR是一种很敏感的方法,可以检测1/10^6个转移的癌细胞;检测19例胃癌患者取材的68枚胃周淋巴结,IHC阳性率28%(19/68),RT-PCR阳性率57%(39-68),两组之间差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);RT-PCR阳性率与胃部临床参考指标密切相关,且随着病期进展而增大。结论 CEA mRNA RT-PCR是比免疫组化更敏感的方法,可以预测胃癌淋巴结微转移,能够有效地避免已有微小转移的患者被漏诊。 相似文献
9.
Hyun Jik Kim Jinna Kim Joo-Heon Yoon 《European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology》2006,263(8):778-782
Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare, malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium. It has an aggressive biological behavior that is characterized by local recurrence, atypical distant metastasis, and poor long-term prognosis. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in olfactory neuroblastoma is variable, and treatment modalities are controversial. Moreover, few reports have been published concerning retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma. We present two cases of olfactory neuroblastoma with retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. In addition, we provided a review of the current literature regarding olfactory neuroblastoma and retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma. 相似文献
10.