Morbidity Associated With High Gastrocnemius Recession: Retrospective Review of 126 Cases

To evaluate morbidity associated with surgical lengthening of the gastrocnemius, medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 126 patients (mean age, 49.7 years; range, 8-78 years) who had undergone open gastrocnemius recession. Ten patients had isolated recession; 116 had gastrocnemius recession with an additional foot or ankle procedure on the ipsilateral limb. During a mean follow-up period of 19 months (range, 6-50 months), all patients were examined for any postoperative complications associated with the recession. Complications were defined as the presence of postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, nerve problems, decreased muscle strength, scar problems, or calcaneus gait (overlengthening). Uncomplicated outcome was defined as absence of all these complications and return to regular activity, both occurring during a follow-up of at least 6 months. Postsurgical complications developed in 9 (6%) of the 126 patients: 6 (4%) had scar problems, 2 (1.33%) had wound dehiscence, 2 (1.33%) had infection, 3 (2%) had nerve problems, and 1 (0.67%) developed complex regional pain syndrome. No patient complained of either a limp or gait disturbance. Neither persistent decrease in muscle strength nor calcaneus gait was seen. These data suggest that the open gastrocnemius recession procedure has low associated morbidity.     

牙冠延长术在残根残冠修复中的临床疗效

目的评价牙冠延长术在牙体缺损达龈下的残根残冠修复中的临床疗效。方法自2004年5月至2005年6月,对32例患者的36颗牙体缺损达龈下的患牙,术前按断端位于龈下最深距离分为A组(20颗患牙,距离<3.0mm)和B组(16颗患牙,3.0mm≤距离≤4.0mm),均采用牙冠延长术暴露龈下牙体断面,术后6周行桩冠修复。分别记录和比较手术前、后牙周探诊深度(PD)、菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)和牙齿松动度,以观察临床疗效。结果术后随访患者6个月,两组病例术后6周牙体断端均暴露较好、龈缘颜色正常,术后修复效果有效率为100%,满意率为77.78%。A组术后无松动,修复效果满意;B组术后50.00%出现Ⅰ度松动,修复效果欠佳,两组修复效果比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。术后各阶段两组的PD、PLI、SBI均明显优于术前(P<0.05),但两组术后牙周指数比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论牙冠延长术有利于残根残冠的保存和修复,但要注意适应证的选择。     

指甲延长术在指尖损伤中的临床应用

目的总结指甲延长术在指尖损伤中的临床应用经验。方法用这种方法对8例（拇指3例,食指4例,中指1例）指尖损伤的患者进行了指甲延长术。在距甲根皮缘0.5～0.6cm处,去除一块矩形皮肤,勿损伤皮下血管网,其高度0.2～0.3cm,宽度与甲相等,将“U”形皮瓣向近端柔和推剥并缝合。结果1例术后供区发生表浅感染,经交换敷料逐渐愈合。所有甲延长的手指术后经过顺利,随访7个月～2年（平均13个月）,指甲外形较好,取得较满意的临床效果。结论在指尖损伤中应用指甲延长术,可延长指甲2～3mm,改善了手指的外形,没有发生甲生长畸形,是一种简单有效的指甲延长手术方法。     

短缩-延长肢体治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损

目的探索单纯使用Orthofix重建外固定架通过短缩一延长肢体治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的可行性。方法2001年7月～2006年7月收治胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损患者39例，其中37例为胫骨感染性骨折不愈合，2例为胫骨开放性骨折（GustiloⅢB型1例，Gustilo ⅢC型1例）。在患肢上安放Orthofix重建外固定架。清创术后小腿胫前内侧软组织平均缺损12cm（6～24cm），胫骨骨缺损平均9cm（4～22cm）。对胫骨骨缺损〈5cm的患者使用一期清创．腓骨截骨．胫骨缺损端加压。对22例胫骨缺损〉5cm的患者采用清创，腓骨截骨．短缩肢体〈5cm。对炎症局限、胫骨截骨部皮肤正常而且远离伤口的患者同期行胫骨截骨术，否则于1．0～1．5个月后二期行胫骨截骨术延长恢复肢体的长度。结果所有患者平均随访14个月（10～44个月）。骨缺损均得以重建，患肢肢体长度与健侧之差小于5mm，骨折愈合，无感染复发，创面均闭合。1例术后出现腓总神经麻痹，术后2个月恢复。4例胫骨缺损患者诉膝部疼痛。5例胫骨蠓损患者出现马蹄内翻足。2例胫骨缺损出现下胫腓分离。1例再骨折。结论使用Orthofix重建外固定架进行短缩．延长肢体是治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的有效方法，但应谨慎使用。对于软组织缺损少的小腿一期短缩的安全限度为3cm，最终短缩6cm。对于软组织缺损较大的急性胫骨开放骨折小腿一期可以短缩9cm。     

胫骨延长术后的功能康复程序初探

胫骨延长术是矫治小儿麻痹后遗症下肢短缩最常见的术式，但如何恢复或改善术后的功能，目前尚无一套系统的程序。本文作者根据自行设计的胫骨延长休后功能康复的临床观察，作较系统地介绍，并就该程序的合理性，进行了讨论与论证。     

胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后关系的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后的关系.方法 1996年1月～2001年12月,对68例胫骨延长者测量达所需延长长度时的骨痂直径,计算骨痂直径率(callus diameter ratios,CDR);统计拆除外固定架后2～4周时新生骨发生骨折例数及畸形角度,比较骨折和成角畸形与CDR的关系.结果拆除外固定架前胫骨前屈角度5度以上畸形19例,其中11例发生骨折;拆除外固定架后胫骨出现5度以上畸形6例,其中2例骨折;其余43例胫骨延长骨痂正常愈合.计算CDR值:CDR值小于80% 23例,其中发生新生骨骨折13例,成角畸形5度以上者21例;CDR在81%～85%之间6例,成角畸形5度以上4例;CDR值超过86% 39例,无畸形或新生骨骨折.结论胫骨延长时CDR小于80%时,容易发生新生骨骨折和畸形;CDR大于85%时,无新生骨骨折和畸形发生;两组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CDR是判断骨痂能否正常愈合较为理想的检测指标.     

暴露前牙龈下残根进行桩冠修复

本文综述了暴露前牙龈下残根进行桩冠修复的两种方法,即牵引法与牙冠延长术,并对两者进行了比较、总结,在临床上有指导意义。     

Bilateral reverse U incisions and separately placed columella relaxation incision for correction of bilateral cleft lip nose deformity

The reverse U incision method has been employed for the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose deformity for more than twenty years with satisfactory results. It has some columella lengthening effect and thus has proved to be useful for the correction of nasal deformities of bilateral cleft lip. To augment its columella lengthening effect a columella relaxation incision is added to the bilateral reverse U incision for the correction of the bilateral cleft lip nose deformity. This results in a reconstructed columella of satisfactory length and width.