Impact of neurocognitive function on academic difficulties in pediatric bipolar disorder: A clinical translation.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that academic and neuropsychological functions are compromised in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Investigation of the degree to which neuropsychological deficits might contribute to those academic problems is needed to aid in the recognition and intervention for school achievement difficulties in PBD. METHODS: A sample of 55 children and adolescents with PBD with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (PBD group, n = 28; PBD+ADHD group, n = 27) were tested with a computerized neurocognitive battery and standardized neuropsychological tests. Age range of subjects was 7-17 years, with the mean age of 11.97 (3.18) years. Parents completed a structured questionnaire on school and academic functioning. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that executive function, attention, working memory, and verbal memory scores were poorer in those with a history of reading/writing difficulties. A separate logistic regression analysis found that attentional dysfunction predicted math difficulties. These relationships between neuropsychological function and academic difficulties were not different in those with PBD+ADHD than in those with PBD alone. CONCLUSIONS: In PBD neuropsychological deficits in the areas of attention, working memory, and organization/problem solving skills all contribute to academic difficulties. Early identification and intervention for these difficulties might help prevent lower academic achievement in PBD.     

Notions of child health: mothers' accounts of health in their young babies

This paper is concerned with mothers’ understandings of child health in their young babies. To explore how child health is depicted, explained and contextualised by mothers, altogether 29 mothers in Stockholm and London were interviewed through the baby's first months about day-to-day experiences of the baby's health and well-being. The analysis of the mothers’ accounts reveals how the mothers, in the process of assessing health, try to ‘read’ the bodily signs and reactions in their babies. Some major themes emerge on how the mothers identify and characterise threats to the health of the baby; here described as threats of abnormalities, threats to the survival of the baby, threats to the thriving of the baby and threats from illnesses. Notions of child health are discussed in relation to the ‘bodily’ and the ‘social’, and how the embodied images of child health are intertwined with the mothers’ presentations of themselves as responsible for the health of their children and as ‘worthy’ parents.     

自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床研究

[目的 ]探讨自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRI)的临床效果。 [方法 ]选择 15 0例RRI患儿 ,随机分为观察组和对照组 ,观察组在对因对症治疗基础上应用自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷 ,对照组采用对因对症治疗 ;另选 3 0例正常儿童 ,观察血浆内皮素 (ET -1)、一氧化氮 (NO)变化及临床疗效。 [结果 ]观察组治疗后血浆ET -1、NO含量明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而对照组治疗前后则无统计学意义 ;观察组临床总有效率高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且每月发病次数及天数也明显降低。 [结论 ]应用自拟消咳贴穴位贴敷能有效地降低RRI患儿血浆ET -1、NO水平 ,从而提高临床疗效     

冷光源治疗化脓性扁桃体炎32例

[目的 ]观察冷光源治疗化脓性扁桃体炎的疗效 .[方法 ]将 6 4例化脓性扁桃体炎患儿随机分为治疗组与对照组 ,两组均静脉点滴青霉素 15～ 2 0万U/kg ,每日 1次 ,连用 3～ 5d .治疗组加用冷光源治疗 3～ 5d .[结果 ]治疗组疼痛消失时间、退热平均天数、疗程与对照组相比均明显地缩短 .[结论 ]青霉素加用冷光源治疗化脓性扁桃体炎疗效显著     

转移因子口服液佐治小儿单纯性肾病综合征临床研究

目的：观察转移因子口服液佐治小儿单纯性肾病综合征的疗效。方法：将75例诊断为单纯性肾病综合征的患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组主要采用泼尼松口服治疗,治疗组另加用转移因子口服液治疗。观察两组的感染率、复发率及治疗前后血IgG、IgA水平。结果：治疗组的感染率和复发率明显较低;治疗后血IgG、IgA水平明显提高,与对照组比较差异明显（P〈0.01）。结论：转移因子口服液佐治小儿单纯性肾病综合征可以降低患者的感染率和复发率,提高血IgG和IgA水平,是治疗肾病综合征的有效方法之一。     

Soluble CD14 at 2 yr of age: Gender-related effects of tobacco smoke exposure, recurrent infections and atopic diseases

The endotoxin receptor soluble CD14 (sCD14) has been implicated in the 'hygiene hypothesis' suggesting reduced allergic sensitization with bacterial stimulation. However, the relationship between early life sCD14 and allergic diseases is conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether possible risk factors for allergic diseases were associated with sCD14 levels at 2 yr of age. In the nested case-control study of the birth cohort studies 'Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo' 411 children selected with recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) (n=241) and no bronchial obstruction (n=170) by 2 yr were investigated with skin prick test and structured parental interview at age 2 yr. Exposure to tobacco smoke, pets and infections was recorded semi-annually by questionnaires (0-2 yr). The sCD14 was analysed from frozen, stored serum by ELISA technique. Regression analyses were performed in all subjects with complete data (n=406, 180 girls), and in girls and in boys separately. Mean sCD14 (ng/ml) was significantly higher among girls 2035 (1973-2096) vs. 1947 (1890-2004) (boys). The sCD14 was significantly reduced among girls exposed to antenatal maternal smoking and with parental asthma, after adjusting for age, parental rhino-conjunctivitis, pet keeping and childhood infections. Recurrent otitis media (OM) increased and common colds significantly decreased sCD14 levels in girls. Boys with atopic dermatitis and rBO had reduced sCD14. Pet exposure was not significantly associated with sCD14. We report novel gender-related effects of sCD14 in early life and suggest that gender, tobacco smoke exposure, age and middle ear disease in particular should be accounted for when assessing the role of sCD14 in childhood allergic diseases.