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BackgroundAdjunct therapies (ATs) may further improve outcomes after botulinum toxin injections in spastic patients, but evidence was unclear in previous systematic reviews.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological ATs in spastic adults according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and build an expert consensus-based on a Delphi process.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched up to May 2020 for reports of comparative trials of non-pharmacologic ATs after botulinum toxin injections in spastic adults. Then, 25 French experts participated in a two-round Delphi process to build recommendations on the use of ATs.ResultsWe included 32 studies (1202 participants, median 32/study) evaluating the effects of physical agents (n = 9), joint posture procedures (JPPs, n = 11), and active ATs (n = 14), mainly after stroke. The average quality of articles was good for randomised controlled trials (median [interquartile range] PEDro score = 7 [6–8]) but moderate (n = 2) or poor (n = 2) for non-randomised controlled trials (Downs & Black checklist). Meta-analysis was precluded owing to the heterogeneity of ATs, control groups and outcome measures. There is evidence for the use of JPPs except low-dose manual stretching and soft posture techniques. Continuous postures (by taping or casting) are recommended; discontinuous postures (by orthosis) may be preferred in patients with active function. Device-free or device-assisted active ATs may be beneficial in the mid-term (> 3 months after botulinum toxin injections), particularly when performed at a high-intensity (> 3 h/week) as in constraint-induced movement therapy. Self-rehabilitation remains understudied after a focal treatment, but its interest is highlighted by the experts. The use of physical agents is not recommended.ConclusionsJPPs and active ATs (device-assisted or device-free) may further improve impairments and activities after botulinum toxin injections. Further studies are needed to better define the best strategies for ATs as a function of the individual treatment goals, participation and quality of life.Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42018105856).  相似文献   
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ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess tolerance of botulinum toxin A injection into the salivary glands under local anesthesia in a pediatric population. Secondary endpoints comprised efficacy and side-effects.Material and methodsA retrospective observational study included children treated between January 2013 and March 2020 for sialorrhea and/or pharyngeal salivary congestion. Children were identified from the botulinum toxin A injection database. The study included 162 injection sessions in 55 children. Injections were performed under local anesthesia with nitrous oxide, after clinical location of the site. Epidemiological and clinical data, injection tolerance on the FLACC scale, treatment response and complications were recorded.ResultsFor submandibular gland injections, pain was absent in 81 cases, mild in 64, moderate in 4 and intense in 1. In parotid gland injections, pain was absent in 45 cases, mild in 89, moderate in 17 and intense in 1. Injection tolerance was significantly poorer (P < 0.005) in parotid than submandibular glands. Seventy-seven percent of the injections had a positive effect on sialorrhea. Fifteen patients presented transient adverse events: mainly dysphagia and paradoxical increase in sialorrhea.ConclusionSalivary gland botulinum toxin A injections in under local anesthesia were well-tolerated, safe and effective for children with sialorrhea and/or pharyngeal salivary congestion.  相似文献   
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目的:通过数据挖掘的方法,探寻朴炳奎教授治疗肺癌靶向治疗患者及靶向治疗导致皮疹患者的用药规律,用客观数据总结其临床经验。方法:采用联机处理分析和复杂网络分析方法,对朴炳奎教授临床诊疗电子信息化模板的数据库中37例肺癌靶向治疗患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析(其中包含14例皮疹患者)。结果:通过数据挖掘,显示出朴师处方的核心思想以益气健脾为主,结合化痰祛湿、清热解毒为治则,体现出扶正与祛邪、辨病与辨证、局部与整体相结合的学术思想。结合专家访谈的形式,确立解毒消疹方的组成。结论:数据挖掘的结果与朴师治疗肺癌的扶正固本、祛邪解毒相结合的中西医结合学术思想得到了相互印证;确立了解毒消疹方的组成,即白芍、金银花、地肤子、蝉蜕。  相似文献   
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[目的]通过现代检验技术研究筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)湿热毒盛证的糖脂代谢指标。[方法]收集136例筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)患者进行不同证型间指标的比较。[结果]湿热毒盛证患者空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPBG)、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)与其他证型比较存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。湿热毒盛证患者C-反应蛋白(CRP)、人可溶性血管细胞黏附分子1(sVCAM-1)与其他证型组间比较存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。[结论]筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)湿热毒盛证形成的原因与低营养状态下糖脂代谢紊乱引起的高血糖及持续炎症反应相关。  相似文献   
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新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医疫病范畴。通过对两则临床医案的辨析,认为其主要病机为湿毒为患,有寒湿和湿热之分,早期以寒湿为主,日久向湿热发展;亦有平素湿热体质者,疾病初期即表现为湿热证。病位主要在肺与脾,以化湿解毒为主要治疗大法,除了散寒除湿、清热化湿之外,还需要注意条畅气机、活血化瘀、健脾益气等法,忌过用辛温、柔腻、寒凉之品。初期恶寒者还需与伤寒表证相鉴别。   相似文献   
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络脉是经脉系统的分支,具有沟通表里上下、联系脏腑的作用,在支持气血运行方面呈现双向流动的特性,具有物质交换和新陈代谢的功能。脑为诸阳之会,脑络纵横交错,脑络渗灌气血以充实脑髓并敷布阳气以温煦脑神,为"脑主神明"提供物质基础和源动力。病理情况下脑络不通,毒邪内生,而致"毒损脑络"。"毒损脑络"病机学说不仅应用于中风病机研究中,而且拓展到痴呆等其他脑病中,推动了中医脑病病机理论的发展。新近发现脑内存在"胶质淋巴系统",是星形胶质细胞介导的脑脊液-脑间质液的交换流动系统。胶质淋巴系统把脑脊液中的葡萄糖、脂质、电解质和载脂蛋白E等营养物质和神经活性物质运送到脑组织,也能清除脑内代谢产物(如乳酸)、可溶性蛋白(如β-淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白)和异物,这是维持脑内环境稳态的重要液体流动系统。胶质淋巴系统的发现为神经系统疾病病理机制的研究提供了新视角,可能成为脑血管疾病、神经退行性疾病等神经精神系统疾病干预的新靶点。作为脑内广泛分布的代谢废物排出途径和物质运送系统的胶质淋巴系统可能是"脑络"病变的生物学基础,是中西医对"毒损脑络"认识的交叉点,从胶质淋巴系统探析"毒损脑络",有可能为揭示"毒损脑络"的现代内涵提供新的靶点。  相似文献   
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徐换  徐小静  宋莎莎  童佩  陆敏 《中国康复》2019,34(9):489-493
目的:系统评价A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)治疗儿童痉挛型脑瘫的临床疗效及安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CMB)、中国知网(CNKI)和万方数据库(WanFang Data)。搜集关于BTX A治疗儿童痉挛型脑瘫患者的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为从建库至2018年11月1日。由至少2位评价员按纳入与排除标准进行文献筛查、资料提取和质量评价。利用Review Manager 5.3及State 12软件进行Meta分析。结果:共有22篇研究符合纳入标准,共1218例患者,肉毒素治疗组620例,对照组598例。Meta 分析结果显示:肉毒素治疗组在MAS评分[MD =-0.82,95%CI(-0.86,-0.79),Z=50.34,P<0.05],GMFM评分[MD =9.22,95%CI(7.80,10.65),Z=12.70,P<0.05],ADL评分[MD =11.38,95%CI(7.51,15.24),Z=5.77,P<0.05],CSS评分[MD =-1.9,95%CI(-3.45,-0.35),Z=2.4,P<0.05],关节屈曲度[MD =0.7,95%CI(0.39,1.02),Z=4.4,P<0.05]及有效率[RR =1.3,95%CI(1.13,1.5),Z=3.63,P<0.05]方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:BTX A结合康复训练能够明显改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肢体运动功能、肌肉紧张状态及生活质量,是一种有效的治疗儿童痉挛型脑瘫的方法;但在临床应用过程中应严格把握治疗剂量,根据患儿病情综合考虑。  相似文献   
10.
Hyperhidrosis can seriously impair patients’ quality of life. Medical history, including heredity and hyperhidrosis during youth, as well as current age and time elapsed since menopause, is important to consider when distinguishing between postmenopausal hyperhidrosis and vasomotor symptoms to enable adequate treatment. This report concerns a subgroup of eight postmenopausal patients participating in a randomized controlled trial regarding botulinum toxin (Btx) type B treatment in craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Even though the sample size is small and the enrolment is not yet completed, the promising data collected hitherto are interesting to present in advance because this subtype of craniofacial hyperhidrosis is often underrecognized and challenging to treat. Patients were randomized to receive Btx type B or placebo. Measurements were performed before treatment and 3 ± 1 weeks after. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was improved for all patients after Btx type B treatment (n = 3) with a median decrease of 9 points (90% median improvement). The placebo group (n = 5) had a median increase of 2 points (–18% median decline). When the same group (n = 5) received Btx type B (open) the DLQI score decreased with a median of 7 points compared with baseline (91% median improvement). Treatment‐related adverse events were temporary and did not prevent improvement of life quality. Furthermore, background data evaluation uncovered interesting findings regarding vasomotor symptoms in relation to postmenopausal hyperhidrosis. In conclusion, the results indicated that Btx type B seems to be a safe and effective treatment in postmenopausal craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Further research is encouraged.  相似文献   
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