Steroid pulse therapy impaired endothelial function while increasing plasma high molecule adiponectin concentration in patients with IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Decreased plasma adiponectin is associated with impaired endothelial function and, thereby, increased risk for cardiovascular events. Glucocorticoid (GC) affects vascular endothelial cells either favourably or harmfully depending upon the dosages and duration. We examined the effect of GC pulse therapy on vascular endothelial function. METHODS: Fourteen young patients with IgA nephropathy were evaluated for flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), plasma levels of adiponectin both in high molecular weight (HMW adiponectin) form and in single molecular form (total adiponectin), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein, before and after a course of GC pulse therapy. RESULTS: GC pulse therapy significantly decreased FMD (from 7.2 +/- 2.6 to 5.7 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, plasma adiponectin levels were significantly augmented (total adiponectin: from 10.2 +/- 4.0 to 12.1 +/- 6.3 microg/ml, P < 0.05; HMW: from 6.5 +/- 3.2 to 7.7 +/- 3.3 microg/ml, P < 0.05). In parallel, elevated concentrations of serum HGF (from 0.28 +/- 0.12 to 0.63 +/- 0.38 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and plasma ADMA (from 0.45 +/- 0.07 to 0.53 +/- 0.04 nmol/ml, P < 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: GC pulse therapy impaired endothelial function while increasing plasma adiponectin levels, which may in turn restore the endothelial function in patients with IgA nephropathy.     

Circulating adipocytokines in non-diabetic and Type 1 diabetic children: relationship to insulin therapy, glycaemic control and pubertal development.

AIM: To determine the influence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus on circulating adipocytokines in children. METHODS: The circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in 91 children, aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Ninety-one healthy children were selected as control subjects. RESULTS: Body mass index-adjusted leptin concentrations were higher in the pubertal diabetic children compared with the control children. There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and daily insulin dose in the diabetic group. Circulating adiponectin concentrations were higher in the prepubertal diabetic children and were positively associated with HbA(1c). Resistin concentrations were lower in the prepubertal non-diabetic subjects compared with the pubertal non-diabetic children, whose values were higher than those of the diabetic children. TNF-alpha concentrations were similar in non-diabetic and diabetic children. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating concentrations of adipocytokines are abnormal in Type 1 diabetic children, although the direction of change differs by cytokine. Pubertal development, in addition to insulin treatment and glycaemic control, also influences the concentrations.     

Adipokines in cord blood and risk of wheezing disorders within the first two years of life

BACKGROUND: Adipokines are involved in the regulation of many inflammatory processes and are present at very high concentrations in cord blood of term infants. OBJECTIVE: We analysed data of a large prospective birth cohort study to examine whether adiponectin and leptin concentration in cord blood are determinants of wheezing disorders in children within the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Seven hundred and forty mothers and their newborns were included in this analysis. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured in cord blood. The cumulative incidence of physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis was recorded during a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: During the first 2 years of life, asthma or obstructive bronchitis was reported by the caring paediatricians for 157 (19.6%) of the children. We found a strong interaction of cord blood adiponectin and history of atopic disease in the mother with respect to the risk of physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis (P=0.006). Compared with children with cord blood levels in the middle quintile (reference category), the odds ratios for physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis in the bottom quintile and top quintile were 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.90] and 2.12 (95% CI 0.67-6.66), respectively (P for trend=0.0003), among children of mothers with a history of atopy. This association was independent of other established risk factors. Leptin levels in cord blood were not associated with risk of asthma or obstructive bronchitis. CONCLUSIONS: In children of mothers with a history of atopy, concentrations of adiponectin in cord blood could play an important role in determining risk of wheezing disorders in early childhood.     

血清鸢尾素、脂联素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨血清鸢尾素及脂联素（APN）水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年1月海南省人民医院收治的124例H型高血压患者作为研究组,另选取同期来该院体检的健康者112例作为对照组。比较两组血清鸢尾素、APN水平,分析研究组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清鸢尾素、APN水平预测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的价值。结果 研究组血清鸢尾素、APN水平低于对照组（P <0.05）。斑块形成组与非斑块形成组性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、收缩压、舒张压、血压控制良好、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、一氧化氮、尿酸、肌酐、内皮素水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。斑块形成组甘油三酯、同型半胱氨酸水平高于非斑块形成组（P <0.05）,鸢尾素、APN水平低于非斑块形成组（P <0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示：同型半胱氨酸水平[■=4.415(95%CI:1.817,10.730)]、血清鸢尾素水平[■=4.027(95%CI:1.657,9.787)]、AP...     

脂联素、直接胆红素及甘油三酯对2型糖尿病患者大血管病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨脂联素（APN）、直接胆红素（DB）、甘油三酯（TG）及三者联合对 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者大血管病变的诊断价值。方法 选取120例T2DM患者,根据是否合并大血管病变将其分为T2DM组（62 例）和 T2DM+大血管病变组（58 例）。比较两组的临床资料;采用非条件多因素逐步Logistic回归分析T2DM患者合并大血管病变的风险因素;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估APN、DB、TG及三者联合对T2DM患者合并大血管病变的诊断效能。结果 非条件多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,■是T2DM患者合并大血管病变的危险因素（P <0.05);■是T2DM患者合并大血管病变的保护因素（P <0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,当APN ≤ 5.870 nmol/mL时,诊断T2DM患者合并大血管病变的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.718,敏感性为70.7%(95% CI:0.571,0.815）,特异性为61.3%(95% CI:0.480,0.713）;当DB ≤ 14.205 mol/L 时,AUC 为 0.772,敏感性为 74.1% (95% C...     

脂联素、核因子-kB在胰岛素抵抗大鼠表达

目的 观察炎症相关因子脂联素、核因子-kB（NF—kB）在胰岛素抵抗大鼠的表达。方法 20只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组与胰岛素抵抗组，分别给予基础饮食和高糖高脂饮食8周，应用高血浆胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹技术证明胰岛素抵抗的存在。用全自动生化分析仪测定各组血脂、脂联素等，并应用免疫组化技术测定NF-kB在血管内皮细胞的表达。结果 ①应用钳夹技术证明，胰岛素抵抗组存在胰岛素抵抗，而空白对照组未出现胰岛素抵抗；②胰岛素抵抗组甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白较空白对照组明显升高（P〈0．05），而保护性因子脂联素浓度则明显降低（P〈0．05）；③免疫组化显示，胰岛素抵抗组大鼠血管内皮细胞NF-kB阳性细胞百分率明显多于空白对照组（P〈0．05）；④脂联素浓度与NF—kB的表达呈明显负相关（r=-0．854，P〈0．05）；结论 胰岛素抵抗时，脂联素浓度降低，NF—kB过表达，二者呈明显负相关。     

Low plasma level of adiponectin is associated with stavudine treatment and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients

This study tested the hypothesis that in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy, adiponectin levels were related to insulin resistance, TNF-alpha and IL-6 and treatment with nucleoside analogues. HIV seropositive men undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment were enrolled into three predetermined clinical groups: lipodystrophy with central fat accumulation (n = 12); lipodystrophy without central fat accumulation (n = 15); no lipodystrophy (n = 15). HIV-negative healthy men served as controls (n = 12). Both lipodystrophic groups had a low percentage of limb fat compared to the two control groups. Patients with lipodystrophy with fat accumulation had increased truncal fat compared with controls. Levels of adiponectin did not correlate with either TNF-alpha or IL-6. Low levels of adiponectin were found in both lipodystrophic groups and were associated with current or previous treatment with stavudine. Furthermore, the adiponectin level correlated with the percentage of limb fat. Patients with lipodystrophy with fat accumulation were more insulin resistant, measured by HOMA-IR, compared with controls. However, HOMA-IR did no correlate to adiponectin or other cytokines. In conclusion, the finding of no difference between the two lipodystrophic groups with regard to adiponectin, indicates that low levels of adiponectin reflects fat atrophy, whereas the insulin resistance was best explained by increased truncal fat mass.     

血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素浓度与学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童糖脂代谢的关系

目的 研究血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素水平与3~6岁学龄前期儿童单纯性肥胖及代谢的关系,为学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童临床监测及治疗效果提供依据。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年5月于大连市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊体检的3~6岁儿童为研究对象,获取单纯性肥胖儿童41例作为研究组,另获取同年龄、同时期儿童43例作为对照组。测量其身高和体重,并计算身高别体重;测定血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c),同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数。结果 单纯性肥胖组的FINS、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),LDL-c,血清趋化素,瘦素明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.288、2.927、4.939、3.078、5.456,P＜0.05),HDL-c,脂联素明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.179、-3.145,P＜0.05)。而两组FPG、TG、TC差异无统计学意义(t=0.391、0.768、-0.266,P＞0.05); 趋化素与身高别体重、FINS、HOMA-IR、 LDL-c、瘦素呈正相关(r=0.339、0.416、0.227、0.376、0.266,P＜0.05),与HDL-c、脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.410、-0.309,P＜0.05)。瘦素与身高别体重、FINS、HOMA-IR、 LDL-c、趋化素呈正相关(r=0.492、0.375、0.279、0.269、0.266,P＜0.05),与HDL-c、脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.467、-0.326,P＜0.05)。脂联素与身高别体重、FINS、HOMA-IR,LDL-c、趋化素、瘦素呈负相关(r=-0.296、-0.351、-0.278、-0.229、-0.309、-0.326,P＜0.05),与HDL-c呈正相关(r=0.234,P=0.032)。结论 血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素水平与学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童糖脂代谢密切相关,这些指标对于识别、监测、干预学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童有着重要意义。     

Adiponectin Gene Variant rs3774261, Effects on Lipid Profile and Adiponectin Levels after a High Polyunsaturated Fat Hypocaloric Diet with Mediterranean Pattern

The role of ADIPOQ gene variants on metabolic improvements after weight change secondary to different hypocaloric diets remained unclear. We evaluate the effect of rs3774261 of ADIPOQ gene polymorphism on biochemical improvements and weight change after high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern for 12 weeks. A population of 361 obese subjects was enrolled in an intervention trial with a calorie restriction of 500 calories over the usual intake and 45.7% of carbohydrates, 34.4% of fats, and 19.9% of proteins. The percentages of different fats was; 21.8% of monounsaturated fats, 55.5% of saturated fats, and 22.7% of polyunsaturated fats. Before and after intervention, an anthropometric study, an evaluation of nutritional intake and a biochemical evaluation were realized. All patients lost weight regardless of genotype and diet used. After 12 weeks with a similar improvement in weight loss (AA vs. AG vs. GG); total cholesterol (delta: −28.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −14.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL vs. −11.0 ± 3.9 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (delta: −17.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −6.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs. −6.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01), triglyceride levels (delta: −35.0 ± 3.6 mg/dL vs. 10.1 ± 3.2 mg/dL vs. −9.7 ± 3.1 mg/dL; p = 0.02), C reactive protein (CRP) (delta: −2.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL; p = 0.02), serum adiponectin (delta: 11.6 ± 2.9 ng/dL vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 ng/dL vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 ng/dL; p = 0.02) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (delta: 1.5 ± 0.1 ng/dL vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 ng/dL vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; p = 0.03), improved only in AA group. AA genotype of ADIPOQ variant (rs3774261) is related with a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and ratio adiponectin/leptin and decrease on lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP).