Charcot hindfoot deformity reconstruction using a hindfoot nail- surgical technique

Various techniques of reconstruction of deformed Charcot hindfoot using different internal fixation devices have been described in the literature. We present our surgical technique using specific principles that has resulted in improved outcomes to allow correction of deformity, obtain stability and allow progression to weightbearing in orthotic shoes. We describe our preoperative evaluation, planning and surgical timing. We also hope to share some technical pearls and details on the finer points to achieve a satisfactory correction and reduce the learning curve.     

肋骨畸形对中度先天性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能的影响

目的:探讨不同程度肋骨畸形对中度先天性脊柱侧凸(CS)患者肺功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2008年1月～2016年12月收治的108例中度CS(胸弯Cobb角40°～70°)患者的临床资料,其中男性49例,女性59例,年龄10～18岁,平均13.5±2.1岁。根据患者肋骨畸形的形态特征及范围将患者分为三组。无畸形组,无肋骨畸形;简单畸形组,有1～2根肋骨数目改变或2～3根肋骨局部融合或分叉;复杂畸形组,3根以上肋骨融合或分叉,或出现胸壁缺损。测量三组患者的影像学及肺功能参数。影像学参数包括:侧凸Cobb角、胸椎后凸角、胸弯累及椎体数、胸廓高度、胸廓横径;肺功能参数包括:肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)实测值以及实测值占预计值的百分比(实/预)和FEV1/FVC值。对各组影像学参数和肺功能参数的差异进行分析。同时采用卡方检验对各组患者肺功能损害程度和损害模式分布进行分析。结果:三组患者影像学参数(胸弯Cobb角、胸弯后凸角、胸弯累及椎体节段数、胸廓高度、胸廓横径等)均无统计学差异(P0.05)。三组患者中简单畸形组和无畸形组相比,肺功能无显著差异[VC:(81.88±11.11)%vs(78.22±8.49)%; FVC:(81.66±9.72)%vs (78.35±6.74)%; FEV1:(79.50±10.18)%vs (75.73±8.44)%; MVV:(79.10±12.48)%vs (75.04±7.21)%,P0.05]。而复杂畸形组患者肺功能明显比无畸形组较差[VC:(64.68±10.00)%vs (78.22±8.49)%,P=0.012; FVC:(64.61±10.57)%vs (78.35±6.74)%,P0.001; FEV1:(59.57±10.16)%vs (75.73±8.44)%,P0.001; MVV:(62.82±12.02)%vs (75.04±7.21)%,P=0.014]。无畸形组和简单畸形组患者肺功能损害程度无统计学差异,均以轻度及中度肺功能障碍患者为主(χ~2=1.314,P=0.532);而在复杂畸形组中,则以中度及重度肺功能障碍患者居多(χ~2=40.1,P0.001)。三组CS患者肺功能损害类型均以混合性通气功能障碍为主(χ~2=6.4,P=0.202)。结论:对于中度CS患者,简单肋骨畸形对肺功能的影响与无畸形组相比无显著差异,而复杂肋骨畸形与其他两组相比对于肺功能的影响较大,其肺功能损害程度以中重度肺功能障碍为主,肺功能损害类型方以混合性通气功能障碍为主。     

Hindfoot alignment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity: A comparison of clinical assessment and weightbearing cone beam CT examinations

BackgroundClinical assessment of hindfoot alignment (HA) in adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) can be challenging and weightbearing (WB) cone beam CT (CBCT) may potentially better demonstrate this three-dimensional (3D) deformity. Therefore, we compared clinical and WB CBCT assessment of HA in patients with AAFD.MethodsIn this prospective study, we included 12 men and 8 women (mean age: 52.2, range: 20–88) with flexible AAFD. All subjects also underwent WB CBCT and clinical assessment of hindfoot alignment. Three fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons performed six hindfoot alignment measurements on the CT images. Intra- and Inter-observer reliabilities were calculated using intra-class correlation (ICC). Measurements were compared by paired T-tests, and p-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe mean of clinically measured hindfoot valgus was 15.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.5–18.8) degrees. It was significantly different from the mean values of all WB CBCT measurements: Clinical Hindfoot Alignment Angle, 9.9 (CI: 8.9–11.1) degrees; Achilles tendon/Calcaneal Tuberosity Angle, 3.2 (CI: 1.3–5.0) degrees; Tibial axis/Calcaneal Tuberosity Angle, 6.1 (CI: 4.3–7.8) degrees; Tibial axis/Subtalar Joint Angle 7.0 (CI: 5.3–8.8) degrees, and Hindfoot Alignment Angle 22.8 (CI: 20.4–25.3) degrees. We found overall substantial to almost perfect intra- (ICC range: 0.87–0.97) and inter-observer agreements (ICC range: 0.51–0.88) for all WB CBCT measurements.ConclusionsUsing 3D WB CBCT can help characterize the valgus hindfoot alignment in patients with AAFD. We found the different CT measurements to be reliable and repeatable, and to significantly differ from the clinical evaluation of hindfoot valgus alignment.Level of evidence: Level II—prospective comparative study.     

Immediate effects and associations between interoceptive accuracy and range of motion after a HVLA thrust on the thoracolumbar junction: A randomised controlled trial

BackgroundThere is paucity in the literature regarding the role of interoceptive accuracy (IAc) at predicting the effectiveness of osteopathic techniques which increase spinal mobility when directed specifically at the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ).AimsThe study aimed to explore whether a high velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) thrust of the TLJ would increase spinal mobility (measured through Range of Motion; ROM) and change IAc. Also, whether baseline IAc correlated with the post-ROM measures and change in ROM.Method21 asymptomatic participants were allocated into three conditions in a randomised order. These were; (1) a high velocity low amplitude manipulation of the TLJ; (2) sham (basic touch); and (3) a control (laying supine on a plinth). Before and following each intervention, the participants’ spinal ROM was measured using an Acumar digital inclinometer. In addition to this an ECG was used to measure their pre and post condition IAc.ResultsThere were significant increases in ROM for all condition, however, the HVLA thrust led to a significantly greater increase in ROM (p < 0.001) when compared to the control and sham. Baseline IAc was inversely associated with post-ROM but there was no association with change in ROM. The HVLA thrust did not significantly change IAc scores from pre to post intervention. Conclusions. HVLA thrust over the TLJ is a useful intervention for increasing spinal ROM. IAc maybe a useful predictor for intervention effectiveness of this technique and spinal area which could in the future be utilised by osteopaths as part of their diagnostics.     

Can we correct first metatarsal rotation and sesamoid position with the 3D Lapidus procedure?

ObjectiveWe examine the technique and radiographic outcomes obtained with triplanar first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis (3D Lapidus) for the surgical correction of hallux valgus (HV). This procedure, apart from correcting angular deformity 1st–2nd intermetatarsal angle, HV angle, etc., is specifically intended to act on first ray pronation and place the sesamoids in their normal position, to alleviate the metatarsalgia often occurring in HV before and after surgery, possibly caused by their abnormal position.This study aims to examine the radiographic outcomes of the 3D Lapidus procedure.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of 37 feet operated on from April 2019 to December 2019, with a minimum 1-year follow-up (mean 420 days), using the 3D Lapidus procedure. Radiographic outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe intermetatarsal angle decreased from a mean value of 16.42° to 5.62° (p < 0.0001). The HV angle decreased from a mean value of 32.12° to 8.05° (p < 0.0001). The preoperative first metatarsocuneiform angle, with a mean value of 21.86°, was null after arthrodesis (p < 0.0001). The tibial sesamoid position, according to the Hardy and Clapham classification, decreased from a mean value of 4.84 to 1.27 after surgery, within normality (p < 0.0001).DiscussionCorrection of the deformity in a single plane is generally insufficient. It is necessary to act on the three planes of space to correct the deformity, obtain good outcomes, and avoid recurrence.ConclusionsRadiographic outcomes of triplanar correction with the 3D Lapidus procedure are excellent, achieving statistically significant differences in all parameters studied.     

A cone beam CT based 3D-assessment of bony forefoot geometry after modified Lapidus arthrodesis

BackgroundModified Lapidus arthrodesis (MLA) is a well-established treatment modality for hallux valgus deformities (HVD) associated with instability of the first ray. Although the three-dimensional (3D) nature of HVD has long been recognized, diagnostics still focus on plain radiographs. The objective of this study was to validate 3D Cone Beam CT (CBCT) in the perioperative assessment of HVD with focus on the alignment of the forefoot.MethodsIn a prospective clinical study, MLA was performed on 30 patients (25 females, 5 males; mean age: 63.2 years). Pre- and postoperatively standard radiographs and CBCT with full weight-bearing were acquired. For the CBCT based assessment, reproducible criteria have been defined, measured, and correlated with established radiological indicators.ResultsEvaluation of standard radiographic parameters (hallux-valgus angle [HVA], intermetatarsal angle 1-2 [IMA 1-2], distal metatarsal articular angle [DMAA], tibial sesamoid position [TSP]) showed significant improvement postoperatively. Comparison of measurements obtained from plain radiographs and CBCT were significantly correlated between both measuring techniques, indicating high reliability. Pronation of the first metatarsal and the sesamoids were significantly reduced by the procedure. Due to this repositioning effect, the second metatarsal head was elevated by 3.1 mm, and the lateral sesamoid was lowered by 3.8 mm. However, there was no correlation between the amount of pronation and conventional radiographic measures.ConclusionsCompared to plain radiographs, CBCT allows a more detailed view of the forefoot alignment in the coronal plain after MLA. MLA was able to recenter the sesamoids under der first metatarsal head and conversely led to elevation of the second metatarsal head.     

医护一体化模式在胸腰椎骨折患者护理中的应用

目的探讨医护一体化模式在胸腰椎骨折患者护理中的应用效果。方法将46例胸腰椎骨折患者随机分为对照组(n=23)和观察组(n=23)。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用医护一体化模式,两组均连续护理14 d。对比两组患者的相关手术指标、护理前后VAS评分及并发症发生率。结果观察组的术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、住院时间短于对照组(P均<0.05)。护理前,两组的VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组的VAS评分低于护理前,且观察组的VAS评分低于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率为8.70%,明显低于对照组的34.78%(P <0.05)。结论医护一体化模式在胸腰椎骨折患者护理中的应用效果显著,可有效减轻患者的疼痛情况,减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间和住院时间,降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。