Comment vieillit-on en institution avec une scoliose ? Impact de l’arthrodèse vertébrale sur la qualité de vie des paralysés cérébraux adultes

IntroductionQuality of life is now part of the discussion, when considering spinal arthrodesis in children and teenagers with severe cerebral palsy and scoliosis. From the subjective point of view of close caregivers, quality of life is significantly improved two to five years after surgery. Nevertheless information relevant to the long-term evolution of those patients, most of them institutionalized, is lacking. In this study the quality of life of 45 adult cerebral palsy subjects with scoliosis (20 with arthrodesis and 25 without), classified IV or V on the Gross Motor Classification System and living in institutions was questioned.Material and methodFour items: daily care, pain/comfort, sitting position and communication, were proposed to evaluation by professional caregivers, blind to the final goal of the study and asked to answer along a Lickert scale (−2 to +2).ResultsResults show that professional caregivers dont make any difference between operated and non operated patients when considering easiness of daily care, pain/comfort of the resident or ability to communicate, but judge sitting position to be slightly better for those with spinal arthrodesis. Satisfaction with sitting posture depends for one part on the degree of scoliotic curve but other factors (hip and knee rigidity, quality of the sitting orthosis) also seem to be relevant.ConclusionSpinal arthrodesis is beneficial for sitting posture, even in aging subjects with severe cerebral palsy and scoliosis living in institutions. But the study also points to the numerous other health challenges which negatively affect the quality of life of such patients.     

Evidence of impaired pain modulation in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and chronic back pain

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Although 40% of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients present with chronic back pain, the pathophysiology and underlying pain mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that development of chronic pain syndrome in AIS is associated with alterations in pain modulatory mechanisms.

Introduction and evaluation of a novel multi-camera surface topography system

BackgroundSurface topography can be used for the evaluation of spinal deformities without any radiation. However, so far this technique is limited to posterior trunk measurements due to the use of a single posterior camera.Research questionPurpose of this study was to introduce a new multi camera surface topography system and to test its reliability and validity.MethodsThe surface topograph uses a two-camera system for imaging and evaluating the subjects front and back simultaneously. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was tested on 40 human subjects by two observers. For validation human, subjects were scanned by MRI and surface-topography. For additional validation we used a phantom with an anthropomorphic body which was scanned by CT and surface topography.ResultsInter- (0.97−0.99) and intra-rater reliability (0.81−0.98) testing revealed good and excellent results in the detection of the body surface structures and measurement of areas and volumes. CT based validation revealed good correspondence between systems in the imaging and evaluation of the phantom model (0.61–10.52 %). Results on validation of human subjects revealed good to moderate results in the detection and measurements of almost all body surface structures (1.36–13.34 %). Only measurements using jugular notch as a reference showed moderate results in validity (0.62–27.5%) testing.SignificanceWe have introduced a novel and innovative surface topography system that allows for simultaneous anterior and posterior trunk measurements. The results of our reliability and validity tests are satisfactory. However, in particular around the jugular notch region further improvements in the surface topography reconstruction are needed.     

Posterior thoracolumbar fusion in a patient with Kleefstra Syndrome related scoliosis: The first case reported

Spine deformities could be considered a possible manifestation of the childhood hypotonia, typical feature of Kleefstra Syndrome (KS). There is a paucity of literature describing posterior spinal fusion in the Kleefstra syndrome patient. For patients who develop severe scoliotic curve, bracing is often ineffective and surgery is recommended. We report the first corrective surgery for scoliosis in one patient with KS.We describe a case of 13-year-old female with severe developmental scoliosis in KS. Preoperative examination showed a thoracolumbar scoliosis with left convex thoracic curve (T3-T9, 97°) and right convex thoracolumbar curve (T9-L3, 88°). Posterior correction, pedicle screw fixation and bone graft fusion T3-L5 was performed. Postoperatively, the thoracic curve was corrected to 33° while the thoracolumbar one to 26° and better standing posture was obtained. Six month follow-up images showed no loosening of the hardware. The patient is still in our follow-up program.Scoliosis seems to be a rare evenience of the severe hypotonia of patients with KS. We report the first case of scoliosis in KS treated successfully with surgery. Corrective surgery for spinal deformity, such as scoliosis, could help in posture and improve the quality of life especially in complicated patients such as syndromic ones.     

EOS® imaging: Concept and current applications in spinal disorders

EOS® imaging is a proprietary imaging technology that was launched in 2007. Based on a gaseous particle detector with a multi-wire proportional chamber, it offers several advantages over other imaging modalities: low dose of radiation, ability to create 3D reconstructions, ability to conduct whole body imaging, high reproducibility in measuring various parameters of alignment and faster imaging time. EOS® imaging is slowly gaining widespread acceptance as its applications in various disorders continue to evolve. It has been found to be particularly useful and has opened up new avenues of research in the field of spinal deformities. This narrative review seeks to provide an overview of the proprietary technology behind EOS® imaging, compare it to existing imaging modalities, summarize its current applications in various spinal disorders and outline its limitations.     

石膏矫形治疗幼儿特发性脊柱侧弯的临床研究

目的介绍简易石膏床方法行石膏矫形治疗幼儿特发性脊柱侧弯,并进行效果评价。方法选取2014年9月至2016年9月于河北省儿童医院住院治疗的25例幼儿特发性脊柱侧弯病例作为研究对象,平均年龄29.7个月(17~53个月),其中男童10例,女童15例,共行石膏矫形105次。应用去旋转石膏矫形方法并结合我院实际情况采用简易石膏床对患儿进行石膏矫形,测量并记录石膏矫形前后脊柱正位X线片上Cobb角改变情况,并对所有患儿按照性别及年龄是否≤2岁进行分组分析。结果 25例患儿石膏矫形治疗前脊柱侧弯Cobb角平均角度为(39.1±9.1)°,经过第1次石膏矫形后平均角度为(22.3±5.0)°,末次随访时平均角度为(20.3±4.3)°。第1次石膏矫形后Cobb角与矫形前相比差异有统计学意义(t=8.825,P<0.05)。随访终点时Cobb角与矫形前相比差异有统计学意义(t=9.653,P<0.05)。不同性别分组随访终点时Cobb角矫正度数差异无统计学意义(t=0.070,P=0.945)。不同年龄分组随访终点时Cobb角矫正度数差异无统计学意义(t=-0.733,P=0.471)。结论我们采用的简易石膏床方法结合去旋转技术进行石膏矫形可以纠正幼儿特发性脊柱侧弯患儿的Cobb角,性别和年龄因素未对矫正效果产生影响。     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术、MRI对先天性脊柱畸形的诊断价值研究

目的探究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)后处理技术、磁共振成像(MRI)对先天性脊柱畸形的诊断价值。方法选择2016年1月至2019年2月我院收治的62例先天性脊柱侧弯患者为研究对象,所有患者均进行脊柱正、侧位X线平片、MSCT检查,其中23例怀疑合并神经系统异常者进行脊髓MRI检查。统计各检查方法检出异常情况及对脊柱异常的显示情况。结果 62例患儿X线平片共检出脊柱畸形82处,MSCT检出畸形130处,X线平片及MSCT对脊柱畸形的检出率比较差异具统计学意义(P<0.05);MSCT对脊柱全貌、顶椎的显示率显著高于MRI(P<0.05);MRI检查对脊髓畸形的显示率显著高于MSCT检查(P<0.05)。结论 MSCT及其图像后处理技术可较好地显示椎体结构,提高异常椎体的检出率,MRI检查可对椎管内病变进行定性诊断。建议在临床诊断中可结合多种方法进行诊断。     

重度脊柱畸形的截骨矫形原则

<正>对于重度脊柱畸形而言,单纯后路内固定术无法达到有效矫形的目的,而脊柱截骨矫形作为一种更加有效的治疗手段逐渐被广泛应用。截骨矫形术除了可以对僵硬的脊柱畸形进行有效矫正以外,对于存在冠状面及矢状面失平衡的重度脊柱畸形患者也有良好     

全脊柱截骨联合前方钛网支撑治疗重度先天性脊柱畸形

目的：探讨全脊柱截骨矫形联合前方钛网支撑治疗重度先天性脊柱畸形的治疗效果。方法：2008年4月至2012年4月采用经顶椎全脊柱截骨矫形内固定、前方钛网植骨支撑治疗21例重度先天性脊柱畸形患者,男8例,女13例;年龄10～35岁,平均19．4岁;胸椎6例,胸腰段13例,腰椎2例;合并Chairs畸形2例,脊髓纵裂6例,脊髓空洞4例,神经纤维瘤病1例。术前Frankel分级：C级3例,D级5例,E级13例。记录术中出血量、手术时间及围手术期并发症,对术前、术后2d及末次随访时冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、顶椎偏移距离、矢状面偏移距离、双肩相对高度、剃刀背畸形高度等影像学数据进行测量,并对术后矫正率进行评估。结果：21例患者手术时间3．5-6．5h,平均5．2h;术中出血量1400—4900ml,平均2500ml。术后2d患者主弯冠状面Cobb角、矢状面Cobb角、顶椎偏距、矢状面偏移距离、剃刀背高度及双肩高度差与术前比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,与末次随访比较均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后冠状面矫正率为（62．24±5．82）％,矢状面矫正率为（60．97±6．30）％。术后第1天2例Frankel分级由E级加重为D级,保守治疗2周后恢复;1例术后苏醒后查体Frankel分级由D级加重为C级,及时行翻修调整手术后恢复;左眼永久性失明1例,术中脑脊液漏2例,胸膜损伤1例。21例均获随访,时间9~31个月,平均18．6个月。末次随访时FrankelD级4例,E级17例,所有患者获得骨性愈合,无矫正角度丢失及内固定松动。结论：全脊柱截骨术联合应用前方钛网支撑治疗重度先天性脊柱畸形,可有效矫正和恢复冠状面及矢状面平衡,避免了脊柱短缩所造成的脊髓折皱,但仍应重视术中体位及神经系统损伤的并发症。     

Predicting intraoperative feasibility of combined TES-mMEP and cSSEP monitoring during scoliosis surgery based on preoperative neurophysiological assessment

Background contextCombined monitoring of muscle motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial electric stimulation (TES-mMEP) and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (cSSEPs) is safe and effective for spinal cord monitoring during scoliosis surgery. However, TES-mMEP/cSSEP is not always feasible. Predictors of feasibility would help to plan the monitoring strategy.PurposeTo identify predictors of the feasibility of TES-mMEP/cSSEP during scoliosis surgery.Study design/settingProspective cohort study in a clinical neurophysiology unit and pediatric orthopedic department of a French university hospital.Patient sampleA total of 103 children aged 2 to 19 years scheduled for scoliosis surgery.Outcome measuresFeasibility rate of intraoperative TES-mMEP/cSSEP monitoring.MethodsAll patients underwent a preoperative neurological evaluation and preoperative mMEP and cSSEP recordings at both legs. For each factor associated with feasibility, we computed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value. A decision tree was designed.ResultsPresence of any of the following factors was associated with 100% feasibility, 100% specificity, and 100% PPV: idiopathic scoliosis, normal preoperative neurological findings, and normal preoperative mMEP and cSSEP recordings. Feasibility was 0% in the eight patients with no recordable mMEPs or cSSEPs during preoperative testing. A decision tree involving three screening steps can be used to identify patients in whom intraoperative TES-mMEP/cSSEP is feasible.ConclusionsPreoperative neurological and neurophysiological assessments are helpful for identifying patients who can be successfully monitored by TES-mMEP/cSSEP during scoliosis surgery.