Ipsilateral proximal and distal radius fractures with unstable elbow joint: Which should we address first?

Simultaneous ipsilateral fractures involving radial head and distal end of radius are uncommon. We present our thoughts on which fracture should be addressed first. A 68-year-old lady sustained an ipsilateral fracture of the right radial head and distal end of radius following a fall. Clinically her right elbow was posteriorly dislocated and right wrist was deformed. Plain radiographs showed an intraarticular fracture of the distal end of radius and a comminution radial head fracture with a proximally migrated radius. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no significant ligament injuries. We addressed her distal radius first with an anatomical locking plate followed by her radial head with a radial head replacement. Our rationale to treat the distal end radius: first was to obtain a correct alignment of Lister's tubercle and correct the distal radius height. Lister's tubercle was used to guide for the correct rotation of the radial head prosthesis. Correcting the distal end fracture radial height helped us with length selection of the radial head prosthesis and address the proximally migrated radial shaft and neck. Postoperative radiographs showed an acceptable reduction. The Cooney score was 75 at 3 months postoperatively, which was equivalent to a fair functional outcome.     

Functional outcomes and complications after treatment of distal radius fracture in patients sixty years and over: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits.     

过伸位牵引掌侧撬拔复位植骨内固定治疗桡骨远端Fernandez Ⅲ型骨折

目的 :探讨过伸位牵引掌侧撬拔复位植骨内固定治疗桡骨远端FernandezⅢ型骨折的临床疗效。方法 :自2017年2月至2018年3月采用术中过伸位牵引掌侧撬拔复位植骨内固定治疗桡骨远端FernandezⅢ型骨折患者11例,男6例,女5例;年龄55～67岁。术前X线片及CT评估桡骨远端骨折背侧成角伴关节面压缩、塌陷。按Fernandez分型均为Ⅲ型。术后评估关节面复位情况,观察骨折愈合情况,随访采用VAS评分及Cooney腕关节评分量表评估疗效。结果:全部患者无手术并发症的发生,11例患者术后均获随访,时间12～14个月,骨折全部愈合。Cooney腕关节评分量表评估疗效,优9例,良1例,可1例。结论:桡骨远端FernandezⅢ型骨折术中采用过伸位牵引加大成角,经掌侧骨折端撬拔复位植骨内固定能有效的复位塌陷的关节面并给予有效固定,术后早期功能锻炼,临床效果满意。     

应用保留桡骨头桡骨颈节段性截骨治疗创伤后上尺桡关节骨性融合的早期疗效

目的探讨保留桡骨头的桡骨颈节段性截骨治疗创伤后上尺桡关节骨性融合的早期疗效。方法回顾分析2017年1月至2019年5月广州医科大学附属第二医院创伤骨科采用保留桡骨头的桡骨颈节段性截骨术治疗的创伤性上尺桡关节骨性融合患者7例的临床资料。其中男5例,女2例;年龄为(35±11)岁(19~60岁)。患肢均为右侧。评价术前与随访时患肢前臂旋转活动度、肘和腕关节疼痛程度、握力以及尺骨变异程度和截骨处异位骨化情况并进行比较。采用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行处理。结果随访(4±0.4)个月(2~6个月)。术前与术后3个月前臂旋转活动度分别为(43±14)°(15°~51°)和(120±31)°(111°~134°),差异有统计学意义(P=0.012);握力分别为(25.5±10.3)kg(21.2~28.6 kg)和(26.3±11.1)kg(21.7~28.4 kg),差异无统计学意义(P=0.074);尺骨变异分别为(-0.13±0.04)mm(-0.15^-0.07 mm)和(-0.12±0.09)mm(-0.14^-0.08 mm),差异无统计学意义(P=0.081)。所有患者术前与术后肘关节与腕关节未见疼痛,术后未见截骨处异位骨化形成。结论应用保留桡骨头的桡骨颈节段性截骨治疗创伤后上尺桡关节骨性融合,方法简单,早期疗效令人满意。     

桡骨远端骨折锁定钢板刚度的拓扑优化研究

目的对桡骨远端骨折锁定钢板结构进行优化设计,以应对骨折内固定个性化刚度需求。方法运用三维建模和计算机辅助设计软件完成桡骨远端骨折模型和常规钢板的模型构建,基于初始有限元分析结果,以轴向刚度下调33.33%且保留扭转刚度的90.00%以上作为优化目标,对常规钢板进行拓扑优化和重设计;通过有限元分析计算,对比常规钢板和优化钢板在轴向压缩和扭转工况下的内固定刚度和产生的骨折区应变。结果所获得的优化钢板轴向刚度为636.5 N/mm,下调幅度为19.7%,基本接近既定的目标刚度,优化后的扭转刚度为634.12 Nmm/°,下调幅度为8.8%,并未超出既定的目标限值;而骨折区应变变化方面,轴向应变相比切向应变呈现出更为显著的增加趋势,与刚度调控效果基本一致。结论通过拓扑优化的方法从钢板结构层面进行重设计,可实现骨折愈合的个性化内固定刚度调控。     

外固定支架联合Kapandji技术微创治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的探讨外固定支架联合Kapandji技术治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法2012年5月~2016年2月对21例老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折(按AO分型:A3型6例,B2型3例,C2型9例,C3型3例)采用外固定支架联合克氏针经皮插入以阻挡骨块再移位的Kapandji技术。末次随访根据改良的Sarmiento评分进行影像学评估,根据Gartland-Werley功能评分标准进行腕关节功能评估。结果手术时间25~45 min,平均35.3 min。术后住院时间3~14 d,平均6.5 d。21例随访8~24个月,平均15.3月,骨折均获愈合。影像学评分:优17例,良4例;腕关节功能评分:优13例,良5例,可3例,优良率为85.7%(18/21)。结论外固定支架联合Kapandji技术是老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折有效的微创手术方法,易于操作,避免伸肌腱的刺激,可有效增强固定的稳定性,功能恢复良好。     

掌侧和背侧钢板内固定治疗背侧不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的病例对照研究

目的:探讨两种不同手术入路内固定方法对背侧不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法:收集2006年8月至2010年10月采用手术切开复位钢板内固定治疗,并获得随访的病例47例。男21例,女26例;年龄39～73岁。所有患者分为2组:采用掌侧入路掌侧钢板内固定(A组)32例,锁定钢板27例,普通"T"形钢板5例,其中4例联合应用背侧克氏针内固定;采用背侧钢板内固定(B组)15例,其中锁定钢板7例,普通"T"形钢板8例。术后从腕关节功能、X线评分及并发症等方面对掌侧和背侧钢板2种固定方法的疗效进行比较。结果:掌侧和背侧钢板固定术后1周与术前比较,掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨茎突高度均明显改善;2组术后1周与术后半年比较,掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨茎突高度均无明显丢失。术后A组正中神经牵拉伤1例,切口感染1例,肌腱粘连2例;B组切口红肿感染1例,肌腱粘连1例,拇长伸肌腱刺激3例;掌侧钢板内固定并发症的发生率低于背侧钢板内固定。腕关节功能评价:A组优17例,良11例,可3例,差1例;B组优8例,良4例,可2例,差1例;掌侧钢板内固定与背侧钢板内固定疗效无明显差异。结论:背侧移位的桡骨远端不稳定骨折,采用掌侧入路掌侧钢板内固定同样可以达到良好的复位效果,而肌腱损害等并发症较背侧钢板固定更少。     

组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折

目的：观察采用组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折的早期疗效。方法：2009年1月至2012年3月,应用组配式桡骨头假体治疗16例MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折患者,男9例,女7例;年龄31～57岁,平均43岁。评价患者肘关节屈伸活动及前臂旋转活动范围,并根据Mayo肘关节功能评估评分（Mayo elbow perfor-mance score,MEPS）评价肘关节总体功能;对影像学进行测量,评价桡骨头假体高度及假体松动程度。结果：14例患者得到随访,时间12～33个月,平均23个月。关节活动范围与健侧比较,患侧肘关节屈伸度及前臂旋转活动度明显较差（P＜0．01）。MEPS评分90±16（45～100）;分级评定：优9例,良2例,可2例,差1例。按照Grewal分级,4例出现轻度的透亮线,1例中度透亮线。结论：组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗难以内固定可靠重建的MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折早期疗效满意,中、远期疗效仍有待于进一步研究。     

Dsteosynthesis with long volar locking plates for meta- physeal-diaphyseal fractures of the distal radius

Objective：Metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures of the distal radius are a major treatment dilemma and orthopaedic surgeons have to pay due consideration to restoration of anatomy of distal radius together with rotation of the radial shaft and maintenance of radial bow and interosseous space.We performed this study to evaluate the clinic-radiological outcome of metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures of the distal radius treated with long volar locking plates.Methods：This prospective study involved 27 patients （22 males and 5 females） with metaphyseal-diaphyseal fracture of the distal radius.Their mean age was （30.12±11.48） years （range 19-52 years） and the follow-up was 26.8 months （range 22-34 months）.All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a long volar locking plate.According to AO/OTA classification,there were 7 type A3,13 type C2 and 7 type C3 fractures.Subjective assessment was done based on the disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand （DASH） questionnaire.Functional evaluation was done by measuring grip strength and range of motion around the wrist and the radiological determinants included radial angle,radial length,volar angle and ulnar variance.The final assessment was done according to Gartland and Werley scoring system.Results：Postoperative radiological parameters were well maintained throughout the trial,and there was significant improvement in the functional parameters from 6 weeks to final follow-up.The average DASH scores improved from 37.5 at 6 weeks to 4.2 at final follow-up.Final assessment using Gartland and Werley scoring system revealed 66.67%（n=l8） excellent and 33.33% （n=9） good results.There was one case of superficial infection which responded to antibiotics and another carpel tunnel syndrome which was managed conservatively.Conclusion：Volar locking plate fixation for metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures of distal radius is associated with excellent to good functional outcome,early rehabilitation and minimal complications.