微型钢板与克氏针治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效对比分析

目的：探讨应用微型钢板及克氏针治疗各种掌指骨骨折的不同疗效。方法：47例（62处）掌指骨骨折。其中开放性骨折19例（24处），闭合性骨折28例（38处），合并严重软组织损伤或肌腱损伤10例（13处）。分为微型钢板固定组27例（34处）及克氏针组20例（28处）。采取伤口清创，微型解剖钢板螺丝钉系统内固定术及克氏针治疗。对比其疗效。结果：全部病例骨性愈合，以TAM为评定标准，微型钢板组中优为20例，良10例，优良率为88．2％。克氏针组中优为12例，良7例，优良率为67．8％。结论：在掌握好适应证的前提下，使用微型钢板切开复位内固定治疗各种类型的掌指骨骨折术后骨折愈合时间、关节功能的恢复程度及伤口感染情况明显优于克氏针组。     

Metatarsal and phalangeal double osteotomy of the first shaft in the treatment of hallux valgus

Numerous surgical techniques have been proposed for the surgical treatment of hallux valgus. Some of them only concern soft tissues; others combine a surgery on the soft tissues with a procedure on the bone structures. The technique we present combines a basimetatarsal valgization by subtractive external osteotomy with a wide metatarso-phalangeal freeing. The basimetatarsal osteotomy allows to correct the deformities in the three planes of space. The basi phalangeal osteotomy is not systematic but is proposed in case of severe hallux valgus, superior to 45° or in case of hallomegalia (gigantism of hallux).     

Exercise handout and one-on-one hand therapy for management of stiffness after plaster cast immobilization of simple phalangeal and metacarpal fractures in children: A randomized,noninferiority trial

Study DesignThis is a noninferior, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.IntroductionJoint stiffness is common after plaster cast immobilization for simple phalanx and metacarpal fractures in children. The limited literature suggests this joint stiffness in children resolves without one-on-one therapy; however, without robust studies confirming that there is no detrimental effect from withdrawing treatment, many children are still referred.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to determine if an educational handout for self-management of stiffness is noninferior to one-on-one hand therapy for achieving full range of motion (ROM).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to group one who received the handout or group two who received hand therapy in addition to the handout. The ROM was measured by composite flexion and total active motion (TAM). The noninferiority margin was 10% difference between the two groups in the proportion of participants who achieved full ROM at two weeks after cast removal.ResultsSixty participants in each group completed the study. Group difference for composite flexion was 1.7% (95% CI: −3.9% to 7.2%), demonstrating noninferiority. Group difference for TAM was inconclusive at 8.3% (95% CI: −2.1% to 18.7%). Sensitivity analysis adjusting for participants with full composite flexion at the baseline resulted in the group difference for composite flexion of 3.1% (95% CI: −3.6% to 9.8%), maintaining noninferiority, but group difference for TAM at 10.4% (95% CI: 0.0% to 20.9%), was inconclusive with the handout group significantly worse.ConclusionAn educational handout is noninferior to hand therapy for achieving full ROM in composite flexion but not TAM. This needs to be taken into consideration for changing clinical practise.     

AO微型板钉固定在掌指骨骨折中的应用

目的探讨AO微型板钉固定在掌指骨骨折中的治疗效果与优缺点。方法2000年8月至2005年8月,对118例165指掌指骨骨折病人,采用AO微型板钉固定治疗,术后早期指导性康复治疗。结果术后随访3-16个月,平均8个月,149指术后伤口I期愈合,16指伤口愈合不良、钢板外露、皮肤坏死或板钉断裂,经换药、皮瓣修复、植骨再固定获得痊愈。骨折愈合时间为4-18周,平均5.2周,全部愈合。按手功能评定标准评定：优139指（84.2%）,良18指（10.9%）,可6指（3.6%）,差2指（2.3%）,总优良率为95.1%。结论AO微型板钉固定在治疗掌指骨骨折中疗效显著,但强度稍差,术后需指导患者正确锻炼。     

国产PDLLA可吸收定位螺钉治疗手部掌指骨骨折

目的评价应用国产PDLLA可吸收定位螺钉治疗手部掌骨、指骨骨折的临床疗效。方法2005年10月-2008年12月对126例手部不同部位的掌骨、指骨骨折患者应用国产PDLLA可吸收定位螺钉进行骨折内固定，术后观察其骨折移位、切口及骨折愈合等情况。结果术后123例伤12一期愈合，3例伤口经换药后痂下愈合。随访时间为6～28个月，平均13．6个月，无肿胀、渗出或感染发生，无1例骨折再移位，均获骨性愈合，手功能恢复良好。结论国产PDLLA可吸收定位螺钉应用于手部掌骨、指骨骨折，能够取得满意的疗效，是一种可取的临床治疗方法。     

Use of Phalangeal Bone Mineral Density and Multi-site Speed of Sound Conduction to Monitor Therapy with Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women

In women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), response to therapy with bisphosphonates is conventionally monitored using central-site (hip and spine) bone mineral density (BMD), but more convenient alternatives are desirable. During a randomized parallel-group study of the efficacy of once-weekly (80 mg vs 160 mg) oral alendronate in the treatment of PMO, 81 women (mean age 70.2 years ± 4.6 SD) had BMD measurements of total hip (TH) and lumbar spine (LS) (L1–L4, Hologic); and of the middle phalanx of the middle digit of the non-dominant hand (accuDXA) at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy with alendronate. At the same timepoints, subjects also had measurements of speed of sound (SOS) through bone at four sites (distal 1/3 radius, proximal phalanx of the third finger, midshaft of the tibia and fifth metatarsal) using the Sunlight Omnisense Ultrasound Bone Sonometer. Data from both patient groups were pooled for this analysis. Mean TH BMD at baseline was 0.705 g/cm²± 0.093 (SD) and increased by 1.7%± 2.3% and 2.5%± 2.3% at 6 and 12 months respectively (p= 0.09 and p<0.0001). Mean LS BMD at baseline was 0.718 ± 0.076 g/cm² and increased by 3.9%± 3.6% and 6.1%± 3.5 % at 6 and 12 months respectively (both p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant change from baseline in mean BMD by accuDXA at either 6 or 12 months. The only statistically significant changes in SOS were at the radius (decrease in SOS at 12 months, p = 0.04) and tibia (increase at 6 months, p<0.01, but no change between baseline and 12 months). Baseline correlation coefficients between accuDXA and LS and TH DXA were 0.22 (p= 0.05) and 0.27 (p= 0.02) respectively. Correlation coefficients between SOS and LS DXA ranged from 0.05 to 0.22; and between SOS and TH DXA ranged from –0.08 to 0.10 (all p= NS). These data suggest that the response to alendronate therapy over this time period cannot be measured by accuDXA or Sunlight SOS at the sites studied. Received: 26 June 2001 / Accepted: 27 September 2001     

放射吸收法测量北京地区人群手指骨骨量的研究

放射吸收法（Radiographic Absorptiometry,RA) 利用放射性吸收的原理，经过对非优势侧手指骨排照X光后，经过扫描进入数码处理技术分析给出骨密度的报告，从而对骨折危险性进行预测。2001年夏，我们课题组使用美国CompuMed公司OsteoGram计算机分析系统对北京地区正常人群，10－89岁583人（其中男279人，女281人），进行了非优势手2，3，4指骨中节的RA骨密度测量。该设备先通过一个铝楔形物作为参照与手一起照射X光片，然后采用高分辨的扫描仪，对冲洗后的X光片经扫描成像后输入一个计算机分析系统，最后根据输入的图象以及被测病人的各种参数自动给出定量的骨矿密度参数及骨质疏松诊断报告。检测结果显示男性和女性的峰值骨密度均出现在20－29岁。该结果与刘忠原 教授80年代末使用SPA测量40000中国人群中远1／3前臂骨（桡骨、尺骨）结果具有极好的相关性。该结果表明RA测得的男性和女性的峰值骨密度以及BMD丢失百分率符合BMD丢失的一般规律，也具有BMD正常数据库的一般特征。     

Phalangeal fractures: displaced/nondisplaced

Nonsurgical management is the preferred treatment of stable, extra-articular fractures of the proximal and middle phalanx, most distal phalanx fractures, and, rarely, nondisplaced intraarticular fractures in elite athletes. Techniques that afford maximal strength with minimal dissection, thus allowing earlier return to play, are ideal. Open reduction with internal fixation with plate fixation is most often chosen for unstable phalangeal shaft fractures in high-demand athletes to provide rigid internal fixation and allow immediate range of motion and more rapid return to sport. It is our practice to routinely treat unicondylar fractures with surgery with percutaneous headless compression screws in elite athletes.