Distraction Osteogenesis Maxillary Expansion (DOME) for adult obstructive sleep apnea patients with narrow maxilla and nasal floor

ObjectivesThis study correlates objective and subjective measurements associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to define the efficacy of Distraction Osteogenesis Maxillary Expansion (DOME) to treat adult OSA patients with narrow maxilla and nasal floor.MethodsThis is a retrospective study reviewing cases from September 2014 through April 2018 with 75 eligible subjects. Inclusion criteria required OSA confirmed by attended polysomnography (PSG). Pre- and Post-operative clinical data were measured at the Stanford Sleep Medicine and Stanford Sleep Surgery Clinics. DOME is a two-step process starting with insertion of custom-fabricated maxillary expanders anchored to the hard palate by mini-implants followed by minimally invasive osteotomies. After maxillary expansion was complete, orthodontic treatment to restore normal occlusion was initiated. Perioperative Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) were measured for 43, 72, 72, and 34 subjects respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-test with significance set at p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of test subjects was 30.5 ± 8.5 years with a gender distribution of 57 males and 18 females. There was a significant reduction in pre and post-operative NOSE score (10.94 ± 5.51 to 3.28 ± 2.89, p < 0.0001), mean ESS score (10.48 ± 5.4 to 6.69 ± 4.75, p < 0.0001), and AHI (17.65 ± 19.30 to 8.17 ± 8.47, p < 0.0001) with an increased percentage of REM sleep (14.4 ± 8.3% to 22.7 ± 6.6%, p = 0.0014). No significant adverse effects were identified.ConclusionsDOME treatment reduced the severity of OSA, refractory nasal obstruction, daytime somnolence, and increased the percentage of REM sleep in this selected cohort of adults OSA patients with narrow maxilla and nasal floor.     

Osteogénesis imperfecta. Descripción de 15 casos

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited connective tissue disease. The disease has been linked to mutations in one of the type I collagen genes. The diagnosis is based on clinical and radiologic findings. The management of OI in adults is not well-established and includes physical rehabilitation, surgical procedures, the use of antiresorptive therapy and anabolic agents. The aim of the present work was to analyze the clinical and analytical characteristics of these patients in adulthood, as well as to evaluate the different treatments administered. We reviewed the cases of OI diagnosed in our center over the last 12 years (2005-2017). We describe 15 adult patients with OI.     

Oro-dental and cranio-facial characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta type V

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is an ultrarare heritable bone disorder caused by the heterozygous c.-14C > T mutation in IFITM5. The oro-dental and craniofacial phenotype has not been described in detail, which we therefore undertook to evaluate in a multicenter study (Brittle Bone Disease Consortium). Fourteen individuals with OI type V (age 3–50 years; 10 females, 4 males) underwent dental and craniofacial assessment. None of the individuals had dentinogenesis imperfecta. Six of the 9 study participants (66%) for whom panoramic radiographs were obtained had at least one missing tooth (range 1–9). Class II molar occlusion was present in 8 (57%) of the 14 study participants. The facial profile was retrusive and lower face height was decreased in 8 (57%) individuals. Cephalometry, performed in three study participants, revealed a severely retrusive maxilla and mandible, and moderately to severly retroclined incisors in a 14-year old girl, a protrusive maxilla and a retrusive mandible in a 14-year old boy. Cone beam computed tomograpy scans were obtained from two study participants and demonstrated intervertebral disc calcification at the C2-C3 level in one individual. Our study observed that OI type V is associated with missing permanent teeth, especially permanent premolar, but not with dentinogenesis imperfecta. The pattern of craniofacial abnormalities in OI type V thus differs from that in other severe OI types, such as OI type III and IV, and could be described as a bimaxillary retrusive malocclusion with reduced lower face height and multiple missing teeth.     

雌激素对原代成骨细胞骨形成的影响

了解雌激素对培养的原代成骨细胞骨形成的影响。观察添加雌激素后直接对成骨细胞骨形成的作用，并用VOnKossa免疫染色法定量表示骨形成。结果显示：雌激素对该原代成骨细胞无促进骨形成作用。     

记忆合金牵引器弹力输出及对牵引成骨的影响

目的：了解记忆合金牵引器弹力输出特点，以及对牵引速度和新骨再生结果的影响。方法：设计不同记忆合金牵引器，生物力学检测仪测量绘制其弹力输出曲线，制作bi—focal牵引成骨重建一侧下颌骨3．5～4cm节段缺失的杂种犬动物模型，观察不同牵引器牵引成骨速度和长度。结果：记忆合金牵引器可输出稳定柔和的超弹性弹力，牵引速度超过传统的每天1mm，骨再生结果稳定，再生骨节段长度与牵引器外形设计和弹力强度相关。结论：记忆合金牵引器设计制作简便，弹力输出可控，可稳定成骨，具有深入研究价值。     

兔下颌骨牵张成骨中VEGF与NOS的相关性研究

目的:研究VEGF、iNOS和eNOS在兔下颌骨牵张成骨中的表达及其相关关系;探讨NOS和VEGF的相互作用及在促进新骨生成中的作用机制。方法:日本大耳白兔20只,随机分为五组,每组4只。分别处死空白对照组、牵张后1天组、1周组、2周组、4周组动物,取牵张处骨组织做成切片,行X线和组织学观察。结果:X线下示4周后牵张处骨缺损消失,组织学示牵张处骨小梁逐渐成熟;VEGF与NOS在形成新骨中均有高水平表达,VEGF同iNOS成正相关,r=0.844,P<0.01;VEGF同eNOS成正相关,r=0.647,P<0.;01;结论:VEGF、NOS可能共同参与促进牵张成骨新骨的形成,二者可能在上诉过程相互作用,促使成骨。     

Evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits: Effect of dosage and number of doses on formation of bone

We evaluated the dose- and time-dependent response of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to the formation of bone in mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Twenty-one adult white New Zealand rabbits (3.0-3.8 kg) were used to establish the mandibular distraction model, 18 of which completed the experiment. Eight rabbits were given rhBMP-2 360 microg and eight 1080 microg; two were given no rhBMP-2. The fluids were injected into the regenerating bone at three different time sequences (days 5, 8, and 11 of active distraction; days 5 and 11 of active distraction; and day 11 of active distraction alone). After four weeks of consolidation, the specimens were harvested and examined radiographically by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histologically. The formation and remodelling of bone in distraction osteogenesis was significantly increased by the addition of rhBMP-2, and the increase was dose-dependent. There was no significant difference between different dosage regimens. A single injection of rhBMP-2 at the end of the distraction phase was as effective as multiple injections.     

An iatrogenic proximal radioulnar synostosis: a case report and review of literature

The most common cause of proximal radioulnar synostosis in adults is traumatic, usually after forearm fractures. Disabling complications are mainly loss of rotatory movements of the forearm. Various surgical procedures have been described in the literature to end up in forearm synostosis as a complication. We here presented a rare case of proximal forearm synostosis following a common but improper surgical technique for an olecranon fracture complicated by implant infection. The synostosis was treated by resection and fascia lata interposition graft.     

静磁场促进成骨作用机制的研究进展

相关研究表明,静磁场可以促进细胞成骨作用,并已经广泛应用于临床治疗,但关于其具体机制,至今仍然没有定论。大量学者通过实验试图明确这一机制。本文就此方面的研究进展进行系统阐述。