TIC en actividad física y parámetros cardiovasculares en mayores: una revisión

IntroductionAgeing is a period of physical and psychological changes. Inactivity is one of the biggest problems among the older adult population increasing the risk of sarcopenia and chronic diseases. Physical activity is an effective intervention to improve health outcomes. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of technology, with health technology tools (ICT) appearing as an intervention to increase physical activity and improve associated health problems.ObjectiveIn this review, we evaluated the effectiveness of health technology to increase physical activity and to improve cardiovascular parameters in older adults.MethodologyStudies with a great variety of health technology tools to increase physical activity levels, and that evaluated the effect of that increase on cardiovascular parameters were included by searching the main databases.ResultsEleven studies reporting the use of a variety of ICT tools were included in this review. Despite these differences, the effectiveness of health technology tool interventions has been demonstrated in increasing physical activity and reducing cardiovascular parameters.DiscussionThe lack of adherence of older adults to health technology would be a disadvantage, but it has been shown that younger older adults are more familiar with health technology tools and the number using them is increasing.ConclusionHealth technology tools show effectiveness in increasing physical activity in older adults and improving cardiovascular parameters.     

适量运动对心房颤动患者预后的影响:系统综述与Meta分析

目的 分析适量运动对于心房颤动(房颤)患者的运动能力以及远期临床预后的影响。方法 通过检索中国知网,万方,维普,Pubmed,OVID,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL),web of science数据库,纳入对房颤患者进行适量体育活动干预的临床试验。本研究的主要终点为静息心率,最大心率,6 min步行试验,最大运动功率,全因死亡率以及卒中发生率,用以评估适量运动对房颤患者活动耐力以及预后的影响。结果 本研究共纳入7项试验,2 452例患者,试验组为适量运动干预组,对照组为不活跃组。适量运动并不会显著增加患者的静息心率(MD=-1.68,P=0.70)以及最大心率(RD=9.72,P=0.11)。运动训练可显著提高房颤患者的运动能力,明显增加6 min步行距离(MD=59.07,95%CI=11.70-106.44,P<0.05),并且在一定程度上提高运动功率(MD=17.96,95%CI=-6.30-42.22,P=0.15)。适量运动对房颤患者的远期预后不会造成不良影响,适量运动组对比不活跃组,全因死亡率为15.7% vs 14.2%(RD=0.03,95%CI=-0.18-0.25,P=0.75);卒中发生率5.0% vs 2.9%(RD=0.02,95%CI=-0.06-0.09,P=0.69),两组差异无统计学意义。结论 适量运动可在一定程度上提高房颤患的活动耐力,且不增加卒中以及全因死亡率。     

Diagnostic significance of the histopathology of bone marrow macrophages in forensic autopsies

Forensic pathologists often encounter autopsies that require an assessment of antemortem general conditions (e.g., infection, metabolic disorders). To establish evaluation clues for such cases, we quantitatively examined macrophages and the general pathology of bone marrow in samples from 180 forensic autopsy cases of decedents with various conditions. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Berlin blue staining, and immunostainings for CD163, CD138, and CD61 were performed. We determined the numbers per field (density) of total macrophages, swollen macrophages, macrophages with hemophagocytosis, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Each density was standardized by identifying its ratio to the total number of macrophages. The decedents' background data (cause of death, other pathological findings, postmortem interval, antemortem symptoms, and presence of resuscitation) were extracted. No correlations were found between the postmortem interval and the other decedent data, indicating that these data are not affected by postmortem changes. In the group in which inflammatory disease was the cause of death, there were significant elevations in the ratio of the swollen macrophage density to total macrophages. Significantly higher ratios of the density of swollen and hemophagocytic macrophages were observed in the group in which conditions with a prolonged agonal period were the cause of death. The group with a return of spontaneous circulation to resuscitation showed a significantly higher ratio of macrophage density with hemophagocytosis. This study provides the first statistical analysis focused on bone marrow histopathology in forensic autopsies. The results will be useful for elucidating causes of death and agonal-period conditions.     

模拟马术训练对脑卒中后共济失调的效果

目的 探索模拟马术训练对后循环卒中共济失调患者姿势控制、平衡、步行和日常生活活动能力的效果。     

ArgD of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a functional N-acetylornithine aminotransferase with moonlighting function as an effective immune modulator

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) encodes an essential enzyme acetyl ornithine aminotransferase ArgD (Rv1655) of arginine biosynthetic pathway which plays crucial role in M. tuberculosis growth and survival. ArgD catalyzes the reversible conversion of N-acetylornithine and 2 oxoglutarate into glutamate-5-semialdehyde and L-glutamate. It also possesses succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity and can thus carry out the corresponding step in lysine biosynthesis. These essential roles played by ArgD in amino acid biosynthetic pathways highlight it as an important metabolic chokepoint thus an important drug target. We showed that M. tuberculosis ArgD rescues the growth of ΔargD E. coli grown in minimal media validating its functional importance. Phylogenetic analysis of M. tuberculosis ArgD showed homology with proteins in gram positive bacteria, pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria suggesting the essentiality of this protein. ArgD is a secretory protein that could be utilized by M. tuberculosis to modulate host innate immunity as its moonlighting function. In-silico analysis predicted it to be a highly antigenic protein. The recombinant ArgD protein when exposed to macrophage cells induced enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL6 and IL12 in a dose dependent manner. ArgD also induced the increased production of innate immune effector molecule NOS2 and NO in macrophages. We also demonstrated ArgD mediated activation of the canonical NFkB pathway. Notably, we also show that ArgD is a specific TLR4 agonist involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling for sustained production of effector cytokines. Intriguingly, ArgD protein treatment activated macrophages to acquire the M1 phenotype through the increased surface expression of MHCII and costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. ArgD induced robust B-cell response in immunized mice, validating its antigenicity potential as predicted by the in-silico analysis. These properties of M. tuberculosis ArgD signify its functional plasticity that could be exploited as a possible drug target to combat tuberculosis.     

弹性抗阻运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病康复疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价弹性抗阻运动(弹力带/弹力管)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者康复疗效的影响。方法 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方和生物医学文献数据库中关于弹性抗阻运动治疗COPD患者的临床随机对照试验,检索时限自建库至2020年9月。最后纳入文献11篇,其中英文9篇,中文2篇,共485例患者。采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具及物理治疗证据数据库量表进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行分析。这一系统评价在PROSPERO(CRD42020208659)上登记。结果 弹性抗阻运动组与传统抗阻运动组(如举重训练机、体重训练) 6 min步行试验距离(6WMD) (MD = 1.19, 95%CI -7.02~9.39, P = 0.78)、COPD患者自我评估测试(CAT) (MD = -0.43, 95%CI -2.42~1.57, P = 0.68)和肌力(MD = 0.23, 95%CI -1.06~1.52, P = 0.73)无显著性差异,两组间异质性不高。弹性抗阻运动组与非抗阻运动组6MWD (MD = 18.30, 95%CI -8.92~45.52, P = 0.19)和CAT (MD = -0.59, 95%CI -3.78~2.60, P = 0.72)无显著性差异,研究间异质性较高。结论 弹性抗阻运动也许是一种潜在的替代传统抗阻训练的方法,但弹性抗阻运动对运动耐力、生活质量、肺功能的影响尚不明确。     

Therapeutic effectiveness of a single exercise session combined with Walk Aide functional electrical stimulation in post-stroke patients:a crossover design study

A growing body of evidence has suggested that the imbalance of epigenetic markers and oxidative stress appears to be involved in the pathophysiology and progression of stroke. Thus, strategies that modulate these biomarkers might be considered targets for neuroprotection and novel therapeutic opportunities for these patients. Physical exercise has been reported to induce changes in these epigenetic markers and improve clinical outcomes in different populations. However, little is reported on this in post-stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single exercise session with Walk Aide functional electrical stimulation(FES) on cognitive performance, clinical functional parameters, oxidative stress and epigenetic modulation in post-stroke individuals. In this crossover design study, 12 post-stroke individuals aged 54–72 years of either sexes were included and subjected to a single session of exercise(45 minutes) without Walk Aide functional electrical stimulation(EXE alone group), followed by another single session of exercise(45 minutes) with Walk Aide functional electrical stimulation(EXE + FES group). The clinical functional outcome measures, cognitive performance and blood collections for biomarker measurements were assessed pre-and post-intervention. After intervention, higher Berg Balance Scale scores were obtained in the EXE + FES group than in the EXE alone group. There was no significant difference in the Timed Up and Go test results post-intervention between EXE alone and EXE + FES groups. After intervention, a better cognitive performance was found in both groups compared with before the intervention. After intervention, the Timed Up and Go test scores were higher in the EXE + FES group than in the EXE alone group. In addition, the intervention induced lower levels of lipid peroxidation. After intervention, carbonyl level was lower, superoxide dismutase activity and superoxide dismutase/catalase activity ratio were higher in the EXE + FES group, compared with the EXE group alone. In each group, both histone deacetylase(HDAC2) and histone acetyltransferase activities were increased after intervention compared with before the intervention. These findings suggest that a single exercise session with Walk Aide FES is more effective on balance ability and cognitive performance compared with conventional exercise alone in post-stroke patients. This is likely to be related to the regulation of oxidative stress markers. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Methodist University Center-IPA(approval No. 2.423.376) on December 7, 2017 and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials—Re BEC(RBR-9 phj2 q) on February 11, 2019.