取环致宫腔化脓性感染引发腰椎间盘炎一例报道并文献复习

宫腔化脓性感染是一种严重的盆腔炎性疾病（PID），主要表现为发热、腹痛、阴道分泌物增多等症状。椎间盘炎是发生于椎间盘间隙和邻近椎体或软骨板的感染性病变，其症状及体征缺乏特异性，临床上容易诊断延迟直至出现椎体骨质破坏及下肢肌力减弱。本文报道了1例因取环手术引发宫腔化脓性感染进而引发腰椎间盘炎，出现腰痛伴行走障碍的患者，并进行了文献复习，加深了对PID的病原体、感染传播途径、诊断标准、治疗原则及其严重不良后果的认识。对于非特异性椎间隙感染，临床医生除实验室检查及影像学检查之外，还应仔细询问病史并了解病情的演变过程，及时诊断并进行手术治疗。     

Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects against high glucose-induced injury in human nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the role and action mechanism of C3G in high glucose (HG)-induced damage of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. TUNEL assay was performed for detecting apoptotic rate. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of cl-caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, Bim, collagen II, aggrecan, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The Nrf2 was knocked down or overexpressed in HNPCs through transfection with si-Nrf2 or pcDNA3.0-Nrf2. C3G treatment (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) improved cell viability of HNPCs under HG condition. HG-induced cell apoptosis of HNPCs was attenuated by C3G with decreased apoptotic rate and relative levels of cl-caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, and Bim. C3G treatment caused significant increase in expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan and decrease in the relative levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. After treatment with C3G, ROS generation in HNPCs was markedly reduced. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed HG-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. C3G treatment induced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in HG-induced HNPCs. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the inhibitory effect of C3G on ROS production. Summarily, C3G exerted a protective effect on ROS-mediated cellular damage in HNPCs under HG condition, which was attributed to the induction of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.     

非手术治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症5年随访研究

目的:探讨非手术治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症的近中期疗效及预后转归。方法:选取2011年2月至2014年2月接受非手术治疗的75例单节段破裂型腰椎间盘突出症患者进行前瞻性研究,男53例,女22例;年龄18～58(35.62±9.96岁);病程5 d～6个月,平均(46.45±40.66) d。突出节段:L_(3,4) 4例,L_(4,5) 29例,L_5S_1 42例。放射痛左侧46例,右侧29例。选取治疗前,治疗后3个月、6个月、1年、2年、5年6个时间点对患者JOA评分、直腿抬高角度(SLRT)、指地距统计分析。计算末次随访时(治疗后5年)JOA改善率,根据JOA评分评定疗效;分析治疗前、末次随访(治疗后5年)椎间盘突出物体积变化,计算突出物体积吸收率,观察突出物吸收情况;分析JOA改善率与突出物吸收率之间关系。结果:71例患者完成随访,非手术治疗后3个月、6个月、1年、2年、5年JOA评分、SLRT、指地距与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后5年与6个月、治疗后5年与2年、治疗后2年与6个月JOA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各时间点两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后5年与6个月、治疗后5年与2年、治疗后2年与6个月SLRT、指地距比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各时间点两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访JOA改善率为(62.69±2.47)%,按照JOA评分评定疗效,结果优26例,良26例,可14例,差5例,优良率73.24%;突出物体积由起始的(1 981.73±588.72) mm3减少至(1 011.82±395.47) mm3,总体吸收率(45.65±2.83)%,突出物发生明显吸收24例,部分吸收26例,未吸收19例,增大2例。JOA改善率与突出物吸收率作Spearman秩相关分析,发现两者呈中等以上正相关(r=0.679,P0.001)。结论:非手术治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症可取得良好疗效,明确了破裂型腰椎间盘突出症的病情特点及预后转归,同时部分患者发生"重吸收"现象。     

不同直腿抬高扳腿法对推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效的影响

目的探讨不同直腿抬高扳腿法对推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效的影响。方法选择2018年5月—2019年1月在广西中医药大学第一附属医院推拿科治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者100例,随机分为对照组与观察组各50例。2组均采用相同的松解类推拿手法治疗,治疗过程中观察组采用改进的直腿抬高扳腿法,对照组采用常规的直腿抬高扳腿法。2组均以治疗6次为1个疗程,疗程之间间隔1 d,共治疗4个疗程。观察2组治疗效果及治疗前后患侧直腿抬高角度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、日本骨科学会腰椎功能量表评分(JOA评分)变化和治疗过程中可能发生的不良反应。结果观察组与对照组愈显率分别为74%(37/50)、54%(27/50),总有效率分别为96%(48/50)、94%(47/50),观察组愈显率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),2组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者患侧直腿抬高角度均显著增大(P均<0.05),VAS评分均显著降低(P均<0.05),JOA评分均显著升高(P均<0.05);治疗后2组比较,观察组患侧直腿抬高角度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),JOA评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者均未出现疼痛症状加重等手法反应,对照组有7例患者出现不同程度的腰臀疼痛症状加重。结论在采用推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症时,改进的直腿抬高扳腿法较常规的直腿抬高扳腿法疗效更为显著,可能发生的不良反应更少。     

椎体成形术联合补肾健骨汤治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床效果

目的:分析椎体成形术联合补肾健骨汤治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床效果。方法:选择2016年9月-2019年4月本院收治的73例老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,按随机数表法分为两组,对照组(36例)采用椎体成形术治疗,研究组(37例)在对照组的基础上加用补肾健骨汤治疗,对比两组临床效果、腰椎功能及疼痛度。结果:研究组治疗总有效率94.59%(35/37)比对照组高(P<0.05);研究组腰椎功能评分(16.36±1.69)分,明显比对照组优(P<0.05);研究组治疗后腰椎疼痛度为(3.13±0.23)分,明显比对照组低,差异具有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论:老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折采用椎体成形术联合补肾健骨汤治疗,可减轻疼痛度,改善腰椎功能,还能提高治疗效果,值得临床推广。     

推拿联合针灸治疗血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的:观察推拿手法联合针灸对血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年6月至2017年12月秦皇岛市中医医院收治的血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组接受单纯针灸治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用脊柱推拿手法,2组均以10次为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。比较2组患者治疗前、治疗3 d、10 d后JOA评分系统(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)、Oswestry功能障碍指数的变化、血小板计数、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、血栓弹力图及临床总有效率的变化、腰椎疼痛评分(VAS)、血清学指标、炎性因子的变化。结果:推拿手法联合针灸可明显改善血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症的JOA评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数及凝血状态,降低患者外周血SP、NPY、IL-1β、TNF-α水平,且具有时间依赖性。结论:推拿联合针灸可明显改善血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症症状,调节患者的高凝状态,该法具有一定的时间依赖性。     

Severe lumbar spinal stenosis combined with Guillain-Barré syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUNDGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder that typically presents with ascending weakness, pain, paraesthesias, and numbness, which mimic the findings in lumbar spinal stenosis. Here, we report a case of severe lumbar spinal stenosis combined with GBS.CASE SUMMARYA 70-year-old man with a history of lumbar spinal stenosis presented to our emergency department with severe lower back pain and lower extremity numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of severe lumbar spinal stenosis. However, his symptoms did not improve postoperatively and he developed dysphagia and upper extremity numbness. An electromyogram was performed. Based on his symptoms, physical examination, and electromyogram, he was diagnosed with GBS. After 5 d of intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4 g/kg/d for 5 d) therapy, he gained 4/5 of strength in his upper and lower extremities and denied paraesthesias. He had regained 5/5 of strength in his extremities when he was discharged and had no symptoms during follow-up.CONCLUSIONGBS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal disorder, even though magnetic resonance imaging shows severe lumbar spinal stenosis. This case highlights the importance of a careful diagnosis when a patient has a history of a disease and comes to the hospital with the same or similar symptoms.     

Effect of a prototype lumbar spinal stenosis belt versus a lumbar support on walking capacity in lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can impair blood flow to the spinal nerves giving rise to neurogenic claudication and limited walking ability. Reducing lumbar lordosis can increases the volume of the spinal canal and reduce neuroischemia. We developed a prototype LSS belt aimed at reducing lumbar lordosis while walking.

微创和传统开放后路腰椎椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的远期预后

目的探讨微创后路腰椎椎间融合术(MIS-PLIF)和传统开放PLIF对腰椎退行性疾病(LDD)远期疗效及安全性的影响。方法 2011年1月-2014年12月收治LDD患者182例,其中96例采用传统开放PLIF治疗(PLIF组),86例采用MIS-PLIF治疗(MIS-PLIF组)。比较2组腰椎矢状位参数、多裂肌横截面积及萎缩率、融合率、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及术后并发症发生情况,分析多裂肌萎缩率与顽固性腰背痛的相关性。结果 2组术后各随访时间点椎间隙高度恢复值和节段性前凸角恢复值差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组术后1年腰椎前凸角恢复值差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);但术后5年和末次随访时,MIS-PLIF组腰椎前凸角恢复值显著高于PLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。MIS-PLIF组术后各随访时间点多裂肌横截面积大于PLIF组,多裂肌萎缩率低于PLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。2组术后随访6个月融合率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组术后各随访时间点下肢痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);MIS-PLIF组术后各随访时间点腰痛VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI均优于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。MIS-PLIF组顽固性腰背痛发生率显著低于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。合并顽固性腰背痛患者多裂肌萎缩率高于未合并顽固性腰背痛的患者,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论术后多裂肌萎缩可能是导致顽固性腰背痛的重要原因,相较于传统开放PLIF,MIS-PLIF治疗LDD能够更有效地保持腰椎生理曲度,改善肢体活动功能,降低多裂肌萎缩程度,有助于避免顽固性腰背痛的发生。