关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗局限型膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的临床分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨关节镜下治疗局限型膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年9月~2014年5月在我院术前行MRI检查、术后经病理证实的10例色素着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者的临床资料及治疗方法,并对患者进行跟踪随访9~68个月,采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分了解患者术后患膝疼痛、肿胀及活动度等功能恢复情况。结果 10例患者在术后随访期均无并发症发生,复发2例,Lysholm 膝关节功能评分为91.80±5.28分,明显高于术前(P<0.01)。结论〓关节镜下对局限型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的患者实施滑膜切除术,手术创伤小,术后膝关节功能恢复好,是一种安全有效的治疗膝关节局限型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法。     

膝关节骨性关节炎影响因素分析

[目的]探讨膝关节骨性关节炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)发生的影响因素。[方法]采用1︰1配对病例对照研究方法,问卷调查OA的危险因素,并采用SPSS11.0进行多因素逐步Logistic分析。[结果]年收入﹤5000元、家族史有膝关节骨性关节炎、吸烟、饮酒、超重和劳动强度能增加患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险,OR值和95%CI分别为1.45(0.84～2.10)、1.13(0.58～1.65)、1.43(0.97～1.76)、1.32(0.78～1.45)和1.28(0.81～1.53),但差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。不锻炼、超重、劳动强度为4级能显著性增加患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险,OR值和95%CI分别为1.71(1.19～2.52)、1.69(1.12～1.86)和1.74(1.07～2.56)。[结论]不锻炼、超重和劳动强度能增加患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险,应该减少登高运动,对关节损伤及时治疗,才能防止性关节炎的发生。     

Effect of local blood circulation and absolute torque on muscle endurance at two different knee-joint angles in humans

The effects of the local blood circulation and absolute torque on muscle endurance at different knee-joint angles were determined. The rate of muscle deoxygenation (using near-infrared spectroscopy), and the rate of muscle fatigue (using the slope of integrated electromyography, iEMG) were evaluated concurrently. Nine healthy subjects performed submaximal (50% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) static knee extension at 50° (extended position, EXT) and 90° (flexed position, FLEX) joint angles until the target torque could no longer be maintained: that time was measured as the endurance time. They exercised with the circulation occluded (OCCL), and without (FREE) to study the possible effects of the local circulation. Although MVC torque was independent of joint angle [mean (SD) FLEX 250.6 (51.7) N·m and EXT 246.5 (46.6) N·m], significantly shorter (P<0.01) endurance time in FLEX [FREE 71.1 (10) s and OCCL 63.1 (8.8) s] than at EXT [FREE 115.3 (30) s and OCCL 106.7 (29.1) s] were obtained in both circulatory conditions. The iEMG-time slope was significantly greater in FLEX at the proximal and distal portion (P<0.05) in both circulatory conditions. Muscle deoxygenation rate in OCCL was significantly greater (P<0.05) at FLEX [20.8 (8.0)%] than EXT [10.9 (4.0)%]. The results would suggest that different knee-joint angle affects muscle endurance even if the local circulation is controlled. Circulatory disturbance would further reduce muscle endurance in EXT, but not in FLEX. Because of the greater muscle internal force in FLEX, local blood flow might be already limited even with a free circulation. The greater muscle deoxygenation and muscle fatigability would be related to the shorter muscle endurance in FLEX. Electronic Publication     

中药离子导入对全膝关节置换术后疼痛和肿胀的影响

目的：观察中药离子导入对患者全膝关节置换术（ TKA）后疼痛和肿胀的影响。方法将120例TKA患者随机分为2组,对照组60例TKA术后应用常规治疗和护理方法,治疗组60例TKA术后予中药离子导入。观察2组术后不同时期疼痛、肿胀情况。结果治疗组术后4d、1周、2周、4周疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分均低于对照组同期（P＜0．05）,2组术后8、12周VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。治疗组术后4 d、1周、2周、4周肿胀值均小于对照组同期（P＜0．05）,2组术后8、12周肿胀值比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 TKA术后患者行中药离子导入可减轻关节疼痛和肿胀,有效改善术后膝关节的功能和活动度,对患者整体功能恢复有重要的临床意义。     

中西医结合治疗膝关节骨性关节炎56例临床观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法将112例膝关节骨性关节炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组56例予中西医结合治疗方法,采用小针刀松解术、关节腔冲洗、注射玻璃酸钠注射液和中药离子导入方法治疗;对照组56例予单纯西医治疗,采用关节腔冲洗和注射玻璃酸钠注射液治疗。2组均治疗5周后进行临床症状和体征分级量化评分比较,观察疗效。结果治疗组治愈率17.86%,总有效率92.86%;对照组治愈率5.36%,总有效率76.79%。2组治愈率及总有效率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗组疗效优于对照组。治疗组治疗后临床症状和体征分级量化评分均低于本组治疗前和对照组治疗后（P〈0.05）。结论中西医结合治疗膝关节骨性关节炎能在短期内取得理想疗效,具有疗效好、不易复发等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征中MRI的使用价值

目的：探讨膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征中MRI的使用价值。方法方便收集2011年2月—2015年2月该院诊断为膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征的400例患者,入院后给予关节镜与MRI检查。分析(1)MRI下不同滑膜皱襞宽度与诊断阳性率的关系。(2)MRI与关节镜检查结果。(3)滑膜皱襞的出现与左右膝侧的关系。结果(1)MRI皱襞宽度0~10 mm者、10~20 mm者、>20 mm者的滑膜皱襞综合征阳性率结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)794膝中,共有169膝接受关节镜检查,与“金标准”关节镜对比,MRI灵敏度为92.6%,特异度为94.6%。(3)左右膝侧滑膜皱襞出现的阳性率分别为60.9%、56.6%,结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该研究认为MRI对诊断膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征灵敏度及特异度高,MRI下不同皱襞宽度患者的滑膜皱襞综合征阳性率差异有统计学意义。     

高频超声在评价药物治疗膝骨关节炎病变中的应用价值

目的 超声对于膝骨关节炎药物治疗效果的评价.方法 对比膝骨关节炎患者行药物治疗前及治疗后的膝关节髌上囊积液、滑膜、软骨及骨质破坏的声像图的变化特征.结果 药物治疗后膝骨关节炎患者的膝关节滑膜厚度变薄,髌上囊积液量变少;膝关节滑膜的血流信号较治疗前减少;膝关节软骨及骨质破坏未见明显改变.结论 超声可以清晰的观察膝骨关节炎患者髌上囊积液、滑膜、软骨及骨质破坏等改变,为临床药物治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效提供较好的影像学评价依据.     

膝关节封闭实验在膝关节骨性关节炎微创术治疗中的应用价值

目的　探讨膝关节封闭实验在膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）微创术治疗中的应用价值。 方法　回顾分析71例行微创治疗的KOA患者的临床资料,根据术前封闭治疗效果分为有效组和无效组,比较两组治疗不同时期VAS评分,观察两组临床疗效,分析两组术后肢体肿胀、关节活动功能及生活质量评分（SF-36）差异。 结果　封闭有效组患者封闭后及微创术后1个月VAS评分均显著低于无效组,P＜0.05。有效组患者治疗总有效率、关节Lysholm评分及SF-36评分均优于无效组,P＜0.05。有效组关节肿胀度小于无效组,P＜0.05。有效组患者封闭指数与关节肿胀度呈负相关,与Lysholm评分及SF-36评分均呈正相关,P＜0.05。 结论　有效的膝关节封闭能够提高KOA患者行微创手术的临床疗效,降低疼痛程度,改善关节功能及患者术后生活质量。     

Analysis of Vibroarthrographic Signals with Features Related to Signal Variability and Radial-Basis Functions

Knee-joint sounds or vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals contain diagnostic information related to the roughness, softening, breakdown, or the state of lubrication of the articular cartilage surfaces. Objective analysis of VAG signals provides features for pattern analysis, classification, and noninvasive diagnosis of knee-joint pathology of various types. We propose parameters related to signal variability for the analysis of VAG signals, including an adaptive turns count and the variance of the mean-squared value computed during extension, flexion, and a full swing cycle of the leg, for the purpose of classification as normal or abnormal, that is, screening. With a database of 89 VAG signals, screening efficiency of up to 0.8570 was achieved, in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, using a neural network classifier based on radial-basis functions, with all of the six proposed features. Using techniques for feature selection, the turns counts for the flexion and extension parts of the VAG signals were chosen as the top two features, leading to an improved screening efficiency of 0.9174. The proposed methods could lead to objective criteria for improved selection of patients for clinical procedures and reduce healthcare costs.     

临床护理路径对膝关节骨性关节炎患者关节镜术后膝关节功能及疼痛的影响

目的：研究临床护理路径对膝关节骨性关节炎患者关节镜术后关节功能及疼痛的影响。方法：选取自2012年2月至2014年2月于我院行关节镜治疗膝关节骨性关节炎患者100例,随机分为研究组与对照组各50例。研究组患者接受临床护理路径护理,对照组接受传统整体护理模式,评价患者入院时、出院时及出院后1个月的关节功能与关节疼痛程度。结果：比较两组患者平均住院日与与住院费用,研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.001);Lysholm膝关节功能评分显示两组患者出院时评分均显著高于入院时(P<0.001),但两组比较出院时(P=0.104)无统计学差异,出院后1个月(P<0.001)研究组评分显著优于对照组;Lequesne疼痛评分显示两组出院时疼痛均显著低于入院时(P<0.001),出院时(P=0.009)及出院后1个月(P<0.001)研究组得分均显著低于对照组。结论：对行关节镜治疗膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用临床护理路径护理,能显著提升患者术后膝关功能,减少术后疼痛程度,有效提高治疗效果。