No role for antiseptics in routine pin site care in Ilizarov fixators: A randomised prospective single blinded control study

Introduction

Pin site infection is the commonest complication of Ilizarov external fixation. The aim of the study was to examine if use of antiseptics was superior over control and further if daily dressing was superior to weekly dressing in regular pin site care in reducing the burden of pin site infection in Ilizarov fixators.

Ilizarov技术与Masquelet技术治疗股骨感染性骨不连的疗效

目的 探讨Ilizarov技术与Masquelet技术治疗股骨感染性骨不连的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2014年1月～2018年1月我院收治的63例股骨感染性骨不连患者的临床资料，根据不同手术方式分为Ilizarov组（n=34）与Masquelet组（n=29）。比较两组手术次数、治疗费用、生命质量评分、并发症、愈合时间及治疗效果。 结果〓两组治疗手术总次数无明显差异（P＞0.05），但Ilizarov组治疗缺损手术次数更多（P＜0.05），而Masquelet组患者治疗感染手术次数更多（P＜0.05）；Masquelet组治疗费用明显低于Ilizarov组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，两组患者生命质量评分均提高，且Masquelet组提高幅度大于Ilizarov组（均P＜0.05）；两组并发症发生率无明显差异（P＞0.05）；Masquelet组治愈时间明显短于Ilizarov组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，两组患者疗效总优良率无明显差异（P＞0.05），但Ilizarov组治疗效果评级为优的患者明显多于Masquelet组（P＜0.05）。 结论 Ilizarov技术可修复、重建较长骨段缺损，感染、复发率低，愈合时间短，但操作难度大，治疗费用高，对患者日常活动影响大；Masquelet技术适用于骨缺损长度较短且自体供骨量充足患者，操作简单，安全性好，但对软组织要求较高，因此应根据患者实际情况合理选择临床术式，帮助患者更好康复。     

Ilizarov 跖骨延长治疗糖尿病足溃疡并跖骨头慢性骨髓炎

目的探讨清创后一期 Ilizarov 跖骨延长治疗糖尿病足溃疡并跖骨头慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效。方法2015 年 1 月—2018 年 10 月，应用清创后一期 Ilizarov 跖骨延长治疗糖尿病足溃疡并跖骨头慢性骨髓炎患者 8 例（9 足、11 个部位）。其中男 3 例（4 足、5 个部位），女 5 例（5 足、6 个部位）；年龄 44～65 岁，平均 57.5 岁。糖尿病足分级：Wagner 3 级 6 例（7 足）、4 级 2 例（2 足）。左足 4 例，右足 3 例；双足 1 例。慢性骨髓炎病程 1～5 年，平均 3.1 年。骨髓炎部位：第 1 跖骨头 3 足，第 3 跖骨头 1 足，第 4 跖骨头 1 足，第 5 跖骨头 6 足。其中 2 例为同一足合并 2 个部位慢性骨髓炎。记录跖骨延长长度及时间、佩戴外固定架时间，计算外固定架带架指数；观察足部溃疡及骨延长段愈合情况，记录愈合时间，计算骨延长段愈合指数。末次随访时，按照美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）评分标准评定足部功能。结果患者术后获随访 9～26 个月，平均 15.0 个月。除骨延长期间发生针道感染外，治疗期间均无皮肤坏死以及血管、神经损伤等并发症发生。跖骨延长长度 12～35 mm，平均 20.5 mm；跖骨延长时间 21～84 d，平均 57.8 d。佩戴外固定架时间 10.4～21.1 周，平均 14.6 周；外固定架带架指数为 42.9～59.2 d/cm，平均 54.3 d/cm。患者足部溃疡均愈合，愈合时间 19～70 d，平均 30.5 d；随访期间溃疡均无复发。X 线片复查示骨延长段均达骨性愈合，愈合指数为 37～51 d/cm，平均 42.5 d/cm。末次随访时，踝关节 AOFAS 评分为 87～95 分，平均 91.7 分；获优 5 足、良 4 足，优良率 100%。结论清创后按照 Ilizarov 张力-应力法则行一期跖骨延长，能促进糖尿病足溃疡愈合、重建跖骨长度、保留跖骨负重功能，是治疗糖尿病足溃疡并跖骨头慢性骨髓炎的一种有效方法。     

单纯 Ilizarov 环形外固定技术治疗合并骨筋膜室综合征的胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨单纯 Ilizarov 环形外固定技术治疗合并骨筋膜室综合征的胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法2013 年 9 月—2017 年 3 月，收治 30 例合并骨筋膜室综合征的胫骨平台骨折患者，采用单纯 Ilizarov 环形外固定技术治疗。男 23 例，女 7 例；年龄 23～43 岁，平均 34.4 岁。致伤原因：交通事故伤 12 例，高处坠落伤 4 例，摔伤 8 例，重物砸伤 6 例。受伤至入院时间 1～12 h，平均 4.8 h。骨折 Schatzker 分型：Ⅱ型 1 例、Ⅲ型 3 例、Ⅳ型 10 例、Ⅴ型 7 例、Ⅵ型 9 例。30 例均因骨筋膜室综合征行切开减压；切开减压至手术时间为 10～15 d，平均 12.5 d。治疗后采用膝关节学会评分系统（KSS）及 Ilizarov 方法研究与应用协会（ASAMI）协议评价膝关节功能。结果手术时间 110～155 min，平均 123.1 min；术中出血量 100～500 mL，平均 245 mL；术后住院时间 3～5 d，平均 3.8 d。患者均获随访，随访时间 20～24 周，平均 22.7 周。除 2 例患者出现针道感染征象外，无其他并发症发生。X 线片复查显示骨折均愈合，愈合时间 10～20 周，平均 14.6 周。末次随访时，膝关节 KSS 临床评分总分为 70～95 分，平均 87.5 分；功能评分总分为 70～90 分，平均 79.0 分。参照 ASAMI 协议评价获优 24 例、良 3 例、可 2 例、差 1 例。结论对于合并骨筋膜室综合征的胫骨平台骨折，单纯 Ilizarov 环形外固定技术治疗后患者关节功能可以基本恢复且并发症少，是一项相对安全、有效的治疗方法。     

The Ilizarov method for the treatment of complex tibial fractures and non-unions in a mass casualty setting: the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan

We report our experience in treating victims of the recent earthquake disaster in Pakistan. Our experience was based on two humanitarian missions to Islamabad: one in October 2005, 10 days after the earthquake, and the second in January 2006. The mission consisted of a team of orthopaedic surgeons and a second team of plastic surgeons. The orthopaedic team bought all the equipment for application of Ilizarov external fixators. We treated patients who had already received basic treatment in the region of the disaster and subsequently had been evacuated to Islamabad. During the first visit, we treated 12 injured limbs in 11 patients. Four of these patients were children. All cases consisted of complex multifragmentary fractures associated with severe crush injuries. All fractures involved the tibia, which were treated with Ilizarov external fixators. Nine fractures were type 3b open injuries. Eight were infected requiring debridement of infected bone and acute shortening. During a second visit, we reviewed all patients treated during our first mission. In addition, we treated 13 new patients with complex non-unions. Eight of these patients were deemed to be infected. All patients had previous treatment with monolateral fixators as well as soft tissue coverage procedures, except one patient who had had an IEF applied by another team. All these patients had revision surgery with circular frames. All patients from both groups were allowed to fully weight-bear post-operatively, after a short period of elevation to allow the flaps to take. Overall, all fractures united except one case who eventually had an amputation. Four patients had a corticotomy and lengthening, and three of them had a successful restoration of limb length. The fourth patient was the one with the eventual amputation.     

Long-term results of the subtubercle tibial osteotomy using the circular external fixator for medı̇al compartment osteoarthrı̇tı̇s of knee

BackgroundWe evaluated the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent subtubercular tibial osteotomy (STO) with Ilizarov external fixation used for high tibial osteotomy for medial knee osteoarthritis (MKOA).MethodsBetween October 2003 and December 2011, 42 knees of 40 patients who had undergone STO with Ilizarov external fixator with a diagnosis of MKOA were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed by examining the duration of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical and radiological variables were collected at the time of admission after removal of the fixator and at outpatient follow up.ResultsMean age was 49.3 ± 5.68 (range 37–61) years, mean postoperative follow up time was 14.22 ± 2.93 (range 9–18) years, and mean fixator duration was 14.6 (range 13–20) weeks. Survival analysis showed 100% at 5 years, 95.2% at 10 years and 88.1% at 15 years. Clinical examination of the patients showed significant improvement in American Knee Society score (KSS), KSS functional score and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) score (P = 0.005). In the study, it was observed that the patients' knee osteoarthritis had progressed over time. On examination, radiographic measurements including mechanical axis deviation, medial proximal tibial angle, femorotibial angle, and joint line alignment angle improved significantly after deformity correction (P = 0.001).ConclusionSTO using the Ilizarov method offers long-term survival. It provides effective treatment in young patients with isolated MKOA. Achieving the desired amount of correction in the coronal and sagittal planes can be presented as a surgical technique for the treatment of MKOA as an effective method in clinical and radiological correction.     

应用 Ilizarov 技术胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗合并全身性炎症反应综合征的重度糖尿病足

目的探讨应用 Ilizarov 技术胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗合并全身性炎症反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome，SIRS）的重度糖尿病足（Wagner 3～5 级）的临床疗效。方法2014 年 8 月—2017 年 12 月，采用 Ilizarov 技术胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗合并 SIRS 的重度糖尿病足患者 33 例。其中男 27 例，女 6 例；年龄 34～79 岁，平均 60.6 岁。均患 2 型糖尿病，糖尿病病程 1～28 年，平均 10 年。糖尿病足病程 1～12 个月，平均 2.7 个月。根据 Wagner 分级，3 级 8 例，4 级 23 例，5 级 2 例。术后观察患足创面愈合情况, 并计算保肢率。评估体温、心率、呼吸频率、白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率和 C 反应蛋白浓度变化。测量足背皮肤温度；行疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评价患足疼痛改善情况。结果术后 33 例患者均获随访，随访时间 3～30 个月，平均 14.1 个月。足部溃疡全部愈合，愈合时间 3～12 个月，平均 5.3 个月；保肢率 100%。术后体温、心率、呼吸频率、白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率和 C 反应蛋白浓度均较术前显著下降（P<0.05）。术后 1 个月患足皮温为（32.64±2.17）℃，较术前的（31.28±1.99）℃ 显著改善（t=0.05，P=0.00）；但与健侧皮温（32.46±2.10）℃ 比较差异无统计学意义（t=2.04，P=0.41）。术后 1 个月 VAS 评分为（2.4±0.7）分，较术前的（4.3±0.8）分显著改善（t=3.10，P=0.00）。 结论Ilizarov 技术胫骨横向骨搬移术能有效治疗合并 SIRS 的重度糖尿病足，可促进患足溃疡愈合，避免截肢。     

Efficacy of a compliant semicircular Ilizarov pin fixator module for treating infected nonunion of the femoral diaphysis

Percutaneous transosseous Ilizarov wiring, whilst preferred in the tibia because of its unique properties, carries a high risk of complications in the femur. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a more patient-friendly semicircular pin external fixator module built up from parts of the Ilizarov fixator components and its use in managing diaphyseal femoral nonunions. A group of 20 patients with infected diaphyseal nonunions of the femur after internal osteosynthesis were included in this study. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 46 years (range 16–60, SD 15.6). The mean morbidity time since the original trauma was 10.2 months (range 6–15, SD 2.5). All the cases were fixed by the described external fixator module. Bony union with resolution of infection occurred in 18 (94.7 %) out of 19 cases after a mean period in the fixator of 11.2 months (range 8–18 SD 2.9). After a mean follow-up period of 3.5 years (range 2–9, SD 2.6), there were 14 excellent, 3 good, 1 fair and 1 poor results from radiological evaluation and 10 excellent, 7 good, 1 fair and 1 poor results from functional assessment. In conclusion, the described semi-circular pin fixator module is patient-friendly and effective in managing infected nonunions of the femoral diaphysis.     

Ilizarov技术矫正儿童骨骺损伤后踝内翻畸形

儿童踝骨骺损伤后容易遗留踝内翻畸形,导致疼痛、肢体不等长、创伤性关节炎发生。通过微创截骨,根据旋转成角中心(CORA)原则使用Ilizarov环形外固定矫正,能够获得满意的力线和肢体长度,同时能处理其邻近骨、关节和软组织的病变,治疗后踝的外形和功能都非常满意。使用Ilizarov技术矫正此类畸形,可控性好、创伤小、并发症少。