Gender difference in the relationship of performance in the handgrip and standing long jump tests to lean limb volume in young adults

Summary Groups of young, adult males and females performed the handgrip and standing long jump tests. Their total forearm and leg volumes were calculated from a series of circumference and length measurements, and the lean volumes (bone + muscle) calculated by taking the skinfold thickness into consideration. In the handgrip, the mean female performance was 298 N compared with 496 N for the males. In the standing long jump, mean performance expressed as distance x body mass was 87.3 kg · m for females compared with 137.7 kg · m for males. These superior performances of males could simply reflect their greater muscle mass, as the mean lean volumes of female and male limbs respectively were 0.54 l and 0.89 l for forearms, and 11.82 l and 14.82 l for the two legs. However, when the performances of males and females were grouped by lean limb volume, it was found that while in both tests there were linear relationships, males and females did not share a common line. In both tests the male relationship was at a higher level than the female; therefore, for a given lean volume, the male performance was significantly superior to that of the female. The gender difference found in this study has not been seen in other studies in which the performance of skeletal muscle has been related to the cross-sectional area of the active muscles and the possible reasons for the differences are considered.     

河北省成人握力体重指数与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的 分析成人握力体重指数与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)之间是否存在相关性。方法 2017年7—8月在河北省7个区(县)进行横断面研究,收集MS和握力的相关指标和数据,将握力体重指数分为4个水平(Q₁～Q₄),采用趋势性检验和多因素logistic回归模型,分析MS及其组分与握力体重指数之间是否存在关联。结果 本研究共纳入6 373名符合标准的成年人,其MS患病率为20.02%。患有MS的居民总体握力体重指数为40.31(32.26,51.81)kg/kg,低于未患MS的居民45.76(37.72,55.70)kg/kg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进行趋势性检验后可以得知,无论男女,其MS及其组分的患病率与握力体重指数水平的变化趋势相反(P均<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析过程中,调整年龄、民族、吸烟及饮酒的频率、现住址、受教育程度后,握力体重指数最高组比最低组患MS、超重/肥胖、高血压、血脂紊乱、高血糖的风险低(男性居民OR值分别为:0.25、0.09、0.59、0.46、0.50; 女性居民OR值分别为:0.14、0.06、0.47、0.39、0.42; P均<0.001)。结论 MS患病情况与握力体重指数有关联,二者呈现负相关的关系,且无性别差异。     

Orthostatic hypotension and physical functioning in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundOrthostatic hypotension (OH) may negatively affect physical functioning and aggravate morbidities, but existing evidence is contradictory.MethodsMEDLINE (from 1946), PubMed (from 1966) and EMBASE databases (from 1947) were systematically searched for studies on the association of OH and physical functioning in older adults, categorized as: balance, gait characteristics, walking speed, Timed Up and Go time, handgrip strength (HGS), physical frailty, exercise tolerance, physical activity, activities of daily living (ADL), and performance on the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY) and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.ResultsForty-two studies were included in the systematic review (29,421 individuals) and 29 studies in the meta-analyses (23,879 individuals). Sixteen out of 42 studies reported a significant association of OH with worse physical functioning. Meta-analysis showed a significant association of OH with impaired balance, ADL performance and HY/UPDRS III performance, but not with gait characteristics, mobility, walking speed, TUG, HGS, physical frailty, exercise tolerance, physical activity and UPDRS II performance.ConclusionsOH was associated with impaired balance, ADL performance and HY/UPDRS III performance, but not with other physical functioning categories. The results suggest that OH interventions could potentially improve some aspects of physical functioning.     

Changes in body weight and physical performance after receiving dietary advice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 1-year follow-up

Nutritional studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often based on oral nutritional supplementation and are of short duration. Our aim was to study the changes in body weight and physical performance in COPD patients after receiving the dietary advice for 1 year. Thirty-six patients with COPD as a primary diagnosis (mean age: 68.5 ± 7.8 years), referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program were studied. Each patient received dietary advice individually. Body weight had increased significantly by 1.3 kg (p = 0.02) and walking distance by 83.2 m (p = 0.007) after 1 year. There was an increase in mean handgrip strength after 1 year (1.6 kg, p = 0.07). The mean intake of energy and protein expressed as percent of energy and protein requirement had increased after 1 year (15%, p < 0.001, and 5.6%, p = 0.09, respectively). Handgrip strength correlated significantly with energy (r = 0.53, p = 0.002), fat (r = 0.50, p = 0.02) and protein intake (r = 0.41, p = 0.002) after 1 year. In conclusion, positive effects on body weight, handgrip strength and walking distance in patients with COPD were seen after receiving dietary advice with a 1-year follow-up.     

预防PICC术后深静脉血栓形成的最佳握拳运动

目的 探讨不同握拳频次对经外周静脉置人中心静脉导管(PICC)术后上肢深静脉血栓形成(UEDVT)的预防效果.方法 将120例PICC患者随机均分为实验1组(A1组,每天3组握拳运动)、实验2组(A2组,每天6组握拳运动)和对照组(C组).置管后第1、2、3、21天,用彩色多普勒超声检测腋静脉最大血液流速(Vmax)、单位时间平均血液流速(TMFV)以及血栓形成情况.结果 与C组相比,A1、A2组置管21 d后的Vmax、TMFV增加,血栓发生率降低(P＜0.05).A1组和A2组血液流速及血栓发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 PICC患者置管后应尽早做握拳运动,每天至少3组握拳,从而减少血液瘀滞,预防UEDVT的发生.     

Skeletal Muscle Loss Is Negatively Associated With Single‐Pool Kt/V and Dialysis Duration in Hemodialysis Patients

We evaluated the skeletal muscle loss in hemodialysis (HD) patients by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength test. Thirty‐four HD patients and 16 healthy subjects (control group) were measured for skeletal muscle mass normalized as the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), calculated as skeletal muscle mass (kg)/height (m)² using a tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance plethysmograph. Handgrip strength test was also performed using a hand dynamometer in both groups. In HD patients, the associations of SMI and handgrip strength with age, sex, HD conditions, and HD parameters such as body mass index (BMI), single‐pool Kt/V (spKt/V), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), creatinine generation rate (CGR) and serum albumin level (Alb) were investigated. SMI of HD patients (4.58 ± 0.95 kg/m²) was significantly lower than that of the control group (5.55 ± 0.80 kg/m², P < 0.01). The handgrip strength of HD patients (19.9 ± 7.74 kg) was also significantly lower than that of the control group (33.0 ± 8.94 kg, P < 0.01). In HD patients, HD duration was associated with both SMI and handgrip strength. Among HD parameters, spKt/V was negatively associated with both SMI and handgrip strength, BMI and Alb were positively associated with SMI, while nPCR and CGR were associated with neither SMI nor handgrip strength. HD duration independently contributed to skeletal muscle loss and the value of spKt/V may be affected by skeletal muscle loss in HD patients.     

Effects of an interactive handgrip game on surgical patients requiring intensive care: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of an interactive handgrip game on psychological distress and handgrip strength among critically ill surgical patients.DesignA randomised controlled trial.SettingA surgical intensive care unit.InterventionParticipants were enrolled in the program within 48 hours of admission to the intensive care unit. Patients in the intervention group played a 20-minute interactive handgrip game twice daily for a maximum of three days in the intensive care unit in addition to routinely passive physical rehabilitation. Patients in the routine care group had a daily target of 20 min of passive physical rehabilitation as needed.MeasurementThe primary outcomes included depression, anxiety, and stress measured using the shortened version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Score scale. The secondary outcomes were perceived sleep evaluated using the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, delirium assessed using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, and handgrip strength measured using handgrip dynamometry within a handgrip device.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty-seven patients were eligible and 70 patients were recruited in the intervention (n = 35) and routine care groups (n = 35). The patients in the intervention group had lower scores (median = 6.0, 4.0, and 12.0) for depression, anxiety, and stress compared with those in the routine care group (12.0, 12.0, and 20.0; all p < 0.05). The interactive handgrip game did not significantly improve sleep quality and prevent the occurrence of delirium (both p > 0.05). The patients who received the interactive handgrip game intervention exhibited significantly enhanced handgrip strength in both hands over time (both p < 0.001).ConclusionAn interactive handgrip game may benefit the psychological well-being and handgrip strength of critically ill patients.Implications for Clinical PracticeInteractive handgrip games is effective active exercise which should be integrated into routine nursing practice.     

A cross-sectional assessment of oxidative DNA damage and muscle strength among elderly people living in the community

Objectives

The mechanism by which muscle weakness leads to an increased risk of death remains a subject of interest. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the relationship between urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and muscle strength, and other risk factors contributing to poor muscle strength in older persons.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study in which a total of 86 participants, both men and women, aged 65 years or above were screened for urinary 8-OHdG, and muscle strength as measured by handgrip strength.

Results

Handgrip strength was lower in participants who had history of acute or chronic disease. Urinary 8-OHdG level was negatively associated with muscle strength, and the association remained after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusions

Urinary 8-OHdG is associated with muscle strength. These findings may be clinically relevant as there is a possibility of controlling oxidative DNA damage by healthy behaviors related to lifestyle.     

Abdominal aortic calcification is associated with decline in handgrip strength in the U.S. adult population ≥40 years of age

Background and aimsThe present study investigated the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and handgrip strength (HGS) and the ability of HGS to predict an increased AAC phenotype in adults.Methods and resultsThe analysis consisted of data for 3140 men and women aged ≥40 years (51.7% women) from the 2013–2014 NHANES. Lateral scans of the thoraco-lumbar spine (L1–L4) were scored for AAC using a validated 8-point scale (AAC-8); subjects with a score of ≥3 were considered at increased risk for cardiovascular disease due to a high AAC phenotype. HGS was assessed using a grip dynamometer. The prevalence of severe AAC in the population was 9.0%. Decline in HGS was associated with higher AAC-8 scores in men and women (p < 0.001). General linear model analysis showed that HGS levels were negatively associated with high AAC (p < 0.001) and AAC-8 status for both sexes. Likewise, for each 5-kg higher HGS, there lower odds of a high AAC phenotype (in men OR = 0.73, CI95%, 0.64–0.84) and (women OR = 0.58, CI95%, 0.47–0.70). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the HGS threshold value to detect high risk of AAC in adults was ≥37.3 kg (AUC = 0.692) in men and 25.1 kg (AUC = 0.705) in women.ConclusionLower muscular strength, as measured by HGS, is associated with higher AAC scores in the U.S. population ≥40 years of age. Accordingly, maintenance of muscular strength during aging may protect adults against vascular calcification, an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. HGS measurement seems to be a valid screening tool for detecting a high ACC phenotype in adults.