山羊双侧下颌骨牵引成骨动物模型的建立

目的:建立一个可行性良好的山羊下颌骨牵引成骨模型。方法:将6只山羊的下颌骨截断,安置牵引器,延迟期4 d后以0.5 mm/次,2次/d的速度牵引10 d;随后进入固定期。分别于固定期的2、4、6、8周处死动物,进行大体标本和放射学观察。结果:牵引过程被所有山羊耐受,牵引长度达到预期效果。结论:山羊是一种良好的牵引成骨动物模型;该模型有助于DO临床的应用及研究。     

牵引成骨重建缺损山羊下颌骨髁突的实验研究

目的：通过建立山羊牵引成骨延长下颌支重建下颌支高度动物模型,对山羊下颌支牵引成骨区新骨的组织及组织形态学进行观察,为牵引成骨术在下颌支缺损区的临床应用提供理论依据。方法：12只山羊随机分为4组,每组3只。实验用山羊在下颌切迹下方截骨,切除一侧髁突及其颈部,左右随机。再于下颌支后缘形成转移盘。牵引延长下颌支,于牵引结束后2、4、8、12周分别进行大体、组织学及组织形态学观察,并用Axioplan2imaging显微图像分析系统进行处理,结果采用SPSS12.0软件包进行t检验。结果：从牵引结束后4周始,通过牵引成骨形成的新髁突已经具备与正常山羊髁突相似的外形;组织学及组织形态学结果显示,牵引区新骨随时间推移,钙化程度增加。至牵引结束后6周时,牵引区新骨矿化率为（1.35±0.57）μm/d,已经接近正常山羊下颌支矿化率（0.95±0.13）μm/d（P〉0.05）。结论：以山羊作为下颌支及髁突缺损牵引成骨重建动物模型具有较好的重复性,与临床情况具有相似性。牵引结束后6周,可以考虑拆除牵引器,以利新骨在生理状态下进行功能改建。     

外置式下颌骨牵张器的研制及实验研究

目的：设计研制一种用于下颌骨的新型种植型骨牵张器。方法：采用国际标准的钛合金材料按照生物力学原理设计机械加工制成，植入山羊的下颌骨完成牵张实验。结果：山羊的下颌骨成功延长15mm，牵张器稳定性良好。结论：该牵张器结构轻巧、操作简便，克服了以往牵张器的不足，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

新型国产体外膜氧合系统用于大动物短期心肺辅助的模型建立

目的探索猪的外周型静脉-动脉体外膜氧合及羊的左心室辅助的中短期大动物心肺辅助模型建立的可行性和稳定性。方法选取家猪3只(体重74 kg、82 kg、110 kg;均为雌性,月龄5~6个月),实验用小型猪1只(体重43 kg,雄性,月龄5~6个月);山羊1只(体重78 kg,雌性,月龄5~6个月)。所有实验动物均为健康动物,术前禁食12 h,禁水4 h。实验猪常规术前准备后完成颈动、静脉置管的外周型静脉-动脉体外膜氧合并转流24~72 h。实验羊完成心尖部和降主动脉置管的清醒左心室辅助,转流时间为24 h。实验过程中监测血气、凝血相关指标及游离血红蛋白浓度并及时调整管理策略,实验结束后动物于麻醉状态下处死。结果所有动物均顺利完成实验,术中生命体征平稳,检测指标结果满意,未出现不良事件。结论猪的外周型静脉-动脉体外膜氧合及羊的左心室辅助的中短期大动物心肺辅助模型可行性及稳定性高、易于管理。     

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Buffaloes,Sheep and Goats in Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

Background:

The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffaloes, sheep and goats in Yunnan Province, southwestern China was conducted between May 2012 and December 2013.

Methods:

A total of 973 (427 buffaloes, 154 sheep and 392 goats) serum samples were collected from seven administrative regions of Yunnan Province, and examined for T. gondii antibodies by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Some risk factors related to species, age, gender and geographical origin were determined using a multinomial logistic regression.

Results:

The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in ruminant species was estimated at 11.9%. The final logistic regression model demonstrated that host species and geographical origin were the main risk factors associated with T. gondii infection (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Taken together, the results of the present study revealed a high exposure to T. gondii in ruminant species in Yunnan Province, which has an important implication for public health.     

Graphene supports in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of goat adult mesenchymal stem cells: potential for bone tissue engineering

Current treatments for bone loss injuries involve autologous and allogenic bone grafts, metal alloys and ceramics. Although these therapies have proved useful, they suffer from inherent challenges, and hence, an adequate bone replacement therapy has not yet been found. We hypothesize that graphene may be a useful nanoscaffold for mesenchymal stem cells and will promote proliferation and differentiation into bone progenitor cells. In this study, we evaluate graphene, a biocompatible inert nanomaterial, for its effect on in vitro growth and differentiation of goat adult mesenchymal stem cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation are compared between polystyrene‐coated tissue culture plates and graphene‐coated plates. Graphitic materials are cytocompatible and support cell adhesion and proliferation. Importantly, cells seeded on to oxidized graphene films undergo osteogenic differentiation in fetal bovine serum‐containing medium without the addition of any glucocorticoid or specific growth factors. These findings support graphene's potential to act as an osteoinducer and a vehicle to deliver mesenchymal stem cells, and suggest that the combination of graphene and goat mesenchymal stem cells provides a promising construct for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超声造影剂增强疗效结合超声高强度聚焦治疗的实时影像监控研究

目的探讨微泡造影剂联合高强度聚焦超声治疗对实时监控超声声像图的影响。方法对20只山羊肝脏进行自身前后对照分组,观测靶区HIFU定点辐照前后的超声声像图面积和灰阶变化,并比较声像图面积与实际损伤的凝固性坏死灶最大切面面积。结果HIFU辐照后,全氟显组靶区声像图面积、灰阶值及形成的凝固性坏死灶最大切面面积均较对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。实际损伤切面面积与辐照结束后即刻、2min、5min及10min时的声像图比较,其比值分别为0.33±0.12、0.55±0.21、0.72±0.15、0.94±0.23。结论微泡造影剂可明显增强HIFU对山羊肝脏的作用效应,通过观察HIFU辐照过程中的声像图变化,可实时指导HIFU治疗和判断治疗效果。     

山羊心房颤动进展过程中心房电图形态的演变

目的利用山羊模型研究心房颤动(简称房颤)在由阵发性向持续性转变过程中,心房/肺静脉外膜电图形态的演变。方法在山羊的左房(LA)游离壁外膜和左上肺静脉(LSPV)根部缝合电极片,利用自制的房颤刺激器于体外发放50Hz的刺激,刺激左房,刺激时程1s,每次间隔2s,诱发出自发维持时间超过24h的持续性房颤。将心房/肺静脉外膜电图形态分为单电位(SP)、双电位(DP)和碎裂电位(FP)。分析在基础状态下和房颤维持不同时间时各电位在所有激动中所占比例和动态变化。结果在窦性心律时LA和LSPV全为SP,随着房颤持续时间的延长,两部位的SP比例逐渐减少,DP和FP的比例逐渐增加。房颤刚开始和持续24h后SP的比例在LA分别为94.2%±5.0%和68.4%±6.0%(P<0.01),在LSPV则分别为74.2%±3.3%和40.1%±7.3%(P<0.01)。在房颤自发持续24h后,LA各种形态的电位交替出现,而LSPV可见连续的反复快速激动。结论心房和肺静脉外膜电图的碎裂程度增加,以及肺静脉出现连续的反复快速激动与房颤的持续有关。     

Prevalence of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in slaughtered sheep and goats in Amol Abattoir,Mazandaran, northern Iran

Objective

The liver flukes, Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, infect ruminants and other mammalian extensively and cause major diseases of livestock that produce considerable economic losses.

Methods

A survey of 2391 sheep and goats slaughtered at an abattoir in Amol region, northern Iran was used to determine the prevalence of the liver flukes infection based on season, sex and specie of the animals.

Results

The results revealed that the prevalence rate of Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium dendriticum was 6.6% and 4.3% respectively. Dicrocoeliosis was more dominant in female animals (7.1%) whereas there was no sex-related difference in the prevalence of Fasciola spp. in male and female animals. Furthermore, Fasciolosis was significantly more prevalent than dicrocoeliosis in both sheep and goats. The Seasonal prevalence of Fasciola spp. was highest (P<0.005) during spring (8.3%) followed in order by autumn (8.1%), winter (5.9%) and summer (4.0%) but Dicrocoeliosis did not follow any seasonal pattern.

Conclusions

According to this study, it can be concluded that Amol is regarded as an endemic region for Fasciola spp and D. dandriticum infection. Moreover, Fasciola spp. is the most widespread liver fluke found in sheep and goats which is more dominant in sheep than goats.     

普罗帕酮转复山羊持续性心房颤动过程中左上肺静脉和左房外膜电图的变化

目的研究普罗帕酮转复心房颤动(简称房颤)时左上肺静脉(LSPV)和左房(LA)外膜电图的变化,分析普罗帕酮转复房颤的可能机制。方法在6只山羊的LA前壁及LSPV根部外膜缝合电极片,LA快速刺激诱发房颤,在房颤自发维持超过24h后,静脉滴注普罗帕酮直至房颤终止。分析用药前、后房颤波周长(AFCL)分别延长40,80ms和房颤转复前各16s的间期内,LSPV和LA外膜电图的变化规律。结果6只山羊在经过静脉滴注普罗帕酮后,全部转复为窦性心律。用药前的LSPV的AFCL显著短于LA(P<0.05);用药后LSPV和LA的AFCL都出现逐渐延长,在房颤转复前两者趋于一致。用药前LSPV双电位和碎裂电位的百分比显著高于LA,单电位比例显著低于LA(P<0.05);用药后,LA和LSPV单电位百分比逐渐增加,双电位和碎裂电位逐渐减少,但在LA双电位和碎裂电位的比例始终小于LSPV(P<0.05);在房颤终止前LA先于LSPV出现双电位和碎裂电位的显著减少或消失,当LSPV的双电位和碎裂电位消失后房颤才终止。结论在本模型中,普罗帕酮对左房、肺静脉电生理的影响在房颤的转复过程中起着重要的作用。