加巴喷丁治疗癫痫的疗效及安全性研究

目的：加巴喷丁抗癫痫作用的有效性与安全性。方法：随机双盲，添加治疗安慰剂对照临床试验。整个试验历时6个月，入选者随机分入试验组或对照组，于试验前、入组后第1、4、8、12、16、20、24周末随访。结果：均衡性：加巴喷丁治疗癫痫在随访中均衡性较好，各指标间无明显差别。疗效评价：加巴喷丁添加治疗组结果显示较安慰剂组发作次数明显减少，两组间有统计学差别；对各类型癫痫总的治疗有效率及MMSE评分等方面无统计学差异，未显示出疗效；但对全身性强直阵挛发作类型具有明显疗效，具有统计学意义。安全性评价：加巴喷丁组和安慰剂组都有不良事件发生，加巴喷丁组居多，但差别无统计学意义。结论：加巴喷丁对全身性强直阵挛发作类型有效，对其它类型疗效不佳，是一种安全性较好的药物。     

Antiepileptic drug treatment in the nineties in The Netherlands.

In this review the state of the art of treating patients with epilepsy in the nineties in the Netherlands is presented. It describes general strategies for treatment with antiepileptic drugs and the history of development of the classical anticonvulsant drugs. Eight new drugs, including vigabatrin, lamotrigine, felbamate, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, tiagabine, levetiracetam and topiramate are discussed. A review of their pharmacological and clinical properties is presented. Dutch experience with these drugs is included.     

加巴喷丁与卡马西平治疗复发性三叉神经痛的临床效果分析

目的分析加巴喷丁与卡马西平治疗复发性三叉神经痛的临床效果。方法将2016年1月~2017年8月于本院进行治疗的60例复发性三叉神经痛患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析该60例患者的病历资料,按照治疗方式的不同将患者分成两组,普通组使用卡马西平进行治疗,实验组采用加巴喷丁进行治疗,对比分析两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗后,实验组患者的VAS评分为(2.5±0.5)分,LSI-B指数为(16.5±2.1),各项指标均优于普通组(P0.05);实验组患者的治疗有效率为93.33%,不良反应发生率为3.33%,两项数据均优于普通组(P0.05)。结论加巴喷丁治疗复发性三叉神经痛的效果明显优于卡马西平,该药可有效缓解患者疼痛,且药物不良反应更少,用药安全可靠,能够显著提升患者的生活质量,应在复发性三叉神经痛的治疗中优先选用。     

抗癫痫药治疗SUNCT综合征的效果观察

目的：验证抗癫痫药治疗SUNCT综合征的有效性。方法采用开放性自身对照研究，对比5例SUNCT综合征对卡马西平和加巴喷丁的治疗反应。结果卡马西平和加巴喷丁两种癫痫药均有效，加巴喷丁优于卡马西平。结论加巴喷丁可作为SUNCT综合征的一线治疗药物。     

Intrathecal Gabapentin Increases Interleukin-10 Expression and Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

We examined the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of gabapentin in the attenuation of neuropathic pain and the interaction between the anti-allodynic effects of gabapentin and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in a rat model of neuropathic pain. The anti-allodynic effect of intrathecal gabapentin was examined over a 7-day period. The anti-allodynic effects of IL-10 was measured, and the effects of anti-IL-10 antibody on the gabapentin were assessed. On day 7, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 were measured. Gabapentin produced an anti-allodynic effect over the 7-day period, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but increasing the expression of IL-10 (TNF-α, 316.0 ± 69.7 pg/mL vs 88.8 ± 24.4 pg/mL; IL-1β, 1,212.9 ± 104.5 vs 577.4 ± 97.1 pg/mL; IL-6, 254.0 ± 64.8 pg/mL vs 125.5 ± 44.1 pg/mL; IL-10, 532.1 ± 78.7 pg/mL vs 918.9 ± 63.1 pg/mL). The suppressive effect of gabapentin on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was partially blocked by the anti-IL-10 antibody. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly attenuated by daily injections of IL-10. The anti-allodynic effects of gabapentin may be caused by upregulation of IL-10 expression in the spinal cord, which leads to inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cords.     

加巴喷丁联合血液透析滤过治疗尿毒症不宁腿综合征

目的探讨加巴喷丁联合血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗尿毒症不宁腿综合征(RLS)临床疗效。方法 60例尿毒症并发RLS患者简单随机分成两组,试验组(HDF+加巴喷丁)、对照组(HDF),各30例,治疗前和1个月后,测定血清中甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、铁蛋白浓度,并分别采用RLS病情严重程度评分量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量表评估疗效。结果两组PTH水平、RLS量化评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量表评分治疗后比治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);试验组治疗后RLS量化评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量评分较对照组治疗后低(P<0.01);试验组有轻度嗜睡反应。结论加巴喷丁联合HDF可以有效治疗尿毒症RLS。     

Nummular headache in a patient with ipsilateral occipital neuralgia—A case report

Nummular headache (NH) is a rarely recognized primary headache, the diagnostic criteria of which are contained in the appendix to the 2nd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (code A13.7.1).We present the case of a 61-year-old female who suffers, regardless of NH, from right-sided occipital neuralgia. The applied treatment – gabapentin and mianserin – had no effect. Injection of bupivacaine twice to the right occipital region resulted in neuralgia resolution up to three months, with no effect on NH.This confirms the independence of two abovementioned head pain conditions.     

普瑞巴林和加巴喷丁辅助性治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的临床研究

目的比较普瑞巴林和加巴喷丁治疗带状孢疹后神经痛（PHN）的临床效果和安全性。方法按自愿原则将168例患者分为A、B、C、D四组,各42例。A组给予安慰剂治疗;B组给予普瑞巴林治疗,维持治疗每日225mg;C组给予普瑞巴林治疗,每日375mg;D组给予加巴喷丁治疗。连续治疗8周后,比较治疗前、后的疼痛程度评分（VAS）变化、睡眠障碍指数（SPI）变化,并评估重点睡眠干扰评分（EMSIS）、疗效和不良反应发生率。结果各组VAS、SPI、EMSIS均明显优于A组,但不良反应发生率要高于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。C组治疗后的VAS、SPI、EMSIS优于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但是两组在大部分不良反应发生上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;D组VAS评分和大部分不良反应发生率与B组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但是在SPI和EMSIS方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。D组在VAS评分、SPI、EMSIS和大部分不良反应发生上与C组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A、B、C、D四组的治疗有效率分别为64．29％、90．48％、92．86和73．81％,治疗优良率分别为21．43％、71．43％、83．33％和54．76％。C组治疗有效率明显好于A、D组,治疗优良率明显好于A、B、D组（P〈0．05）。结论相比于安慰剂和加巴喷丁,普瑞巴林在PHN治疗中具有更好的疗效,可以显著改善患者的疼痛程度评分,减轻疼痛对睡眠的干扰。为了提升治疗有效率,剂量宜选择每日375mg,分3次口服;但是,普瑞巴林的不良反应发生率较高;在临床运用中,必须注意不良反应的观察和控制。