Clinical implications of additional posterior fractures in combined anterior-posterior pelvic ring fractures in elderly patients

ObjectivesHistorically, pelvic ring fractures (PRF) are considered to occur predominantly in the anterior ring and therfore to be mechanically stable. Combined anterior and posterior (A + P) PRF are expected to be less mechanically stable and therefore to be associated with higher levels of pain and reduced mobility compared to isolated anterior fractures. The current study investigates the clinical relevance of combined A + P PRF in elderly patients.MethodsA prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted in patients >70 years of age with anterior PRF after low-energy trauma diagnosed on conventional radiographs. All patients underwent an additional CT-scan. Patients were divided into two groups; isolated anterior or combined A + P fractures. Patients were treated conservatively with adequate analgesia for at least one week. If patients could not be mobilised after conservative treatment, surgical fixation was performed. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, dependence on walking aids and Activities of Daily Living scores (ADL) were measured at 2–4 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months after fracture.Results102 patients (age 81.1 ± 7.6 years) were included. Isolated anterior fractures were diagnosed in 25 (24.5%) and A + P fractures in 77 (75.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Most patients were successfully treated conservatively and 5 (4.9%) underwent percutaneous trans-iliac, trans-sacral screw fixation after failure of conservative treatment. At 2–4 weeks post trauma, patients with A + P fractures had similar median pain scores (3 (range 0–8) vs. 5 (0–10), p = 0.19) and ADL scores (85 (25–100) vs. 78.6 (5–100), p = 0.67), but were more dependent on walking aids (92.8% vs. 72.2%; p = 0.02) compared to patients with isolated anterior fractures. There were no significant differences at 3 months. At one year follow-up the median NRS pain and ADL scores for both fracture groups were 0 and 100, respectively. Mortality was 10.8%, and additional loss to follow-up was 17.6%.ConclusionsThe vast majority of elderly patients with PRF have combined A + P fractures. The clinical implications of additional posterior pelvic ring fractures in elderly patients appears to be limited.     

肘关节常见骨折的相关问题探讨

<正>肘关节骨折是临床常见的损伤,但因肘关节自身的结构特点,术后并发症较高,特别是处理不当时容易发生肘关节僵硬,给患者生活带来很大困难。尽管近几年肘关节治疗的热点集中在肘关节复杂骨折脱位和肘关节创伤性不稳定等方面,但就发生率而言,肱骨髁间骨折、尺骨鹰嘴骨折和     

数字建模分析倒退旋转法在腰椎椎体单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术的适用性

目的:利用Mimics软件建立腰椎的3D模型,使用模拟穿刺来观察倒退旋转法在腰椎椎体单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术的适用性及进针参数。方法:选取24例全腰椎螺旋CT扫描初次胸椎骨质疏松性骨折、腰椎无异常骨质破坏的影像学资料,其中男女各12例,应用Mimics软件对原始DICOM文件进行3D建模,分离出各节段椎体,直接导入3-matic软件后约束其椎体后壁进行标准化测量后以椎弓根中点作一垂直于中切面及椎体后壁的素描图,在素描图上进行模拟穿刺,记录穿刺针可活动范围的角度参数及距离参数,记录穿刺针在最大外倾角时落在椎体中切线前、中、后区的穿越点,并进行比较分析。结果:所有数据在左右两侧差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),不同节段数据在两性差异有统计学意义(P0.05),男女性L_1-L_5最大外倾角均逐渐增大,男性从(33.41±1.31)°到(56.53±4.71)°,女性从(28.58±2.55)°到(53.86±2.68)°,所有穿越点未落在前区,其中女性26.67%落在中区,男性3.33%落在中区,A、B、C分区在性别上差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:倒退旋转法理论上均能满足椎体压缩性骨折对穿刺点的要求,其中男性及下腰椎更加适用倒退旋转法。最大外倾角的测定对倒退旋转法有指导性意义。     

人为提高儿童肱骨髁上骨折外侧克氏针出针点的可行性及置针经验分析

目的初步探讨人为提高儿童肱骨髁上骨折外侧克氏针出针点的可行性及其相应的置入方法。方法本研究分为两个阶段。第一阶段:收集2016年3月至2016年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院161例儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折外侧针构型病例术中透视图像中最外侧针的出针点和入针点位置,测量最外侧针冠状面和矢状面钢针角度。第二阶段(2017年1月至2017年12月)基于第一阶段的研究结果,由中国医科大学附属盛京医院两名小儿骨科医生尝试人为提高最外侧针的出针位置(预期组),另外两名外科医生继续按照常规流程置针(对照组),对两组各项治疗参数进行比较。结果第一阶段参与回顾性研究的161例患者中,47例(29.2%)最外侧针出针点位于骨干-干骺端交界区(metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction,MDJ)上边界线以上,其中40例最外侧针(85.1%)由肱骨小头骨化中心(ossific nucleus of the capitellum,ONC)外侧或骨化中心外1/3置入(正位像),于骨化中心后1/3或骨化中心后方置入(侧位像)。冠状面和矢状面钢针平均角度分别为58.4°和90.5°。第二阶段,预期组中有47例(65.3%,47/72)患者的最外侧针出针点位于MDJ上边界线以上,而对照组中仅32例(36%,32/89)出针点位于MDJ上边界线以上。两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.134,P<0.05)结论在单纯外侧针构型中,人为提高最外侧针出针点可行。钢针路径位于正位像肱骨小头骨化中心外侧、外1/3及侧位像在肱骨小头后方或后1/3位置时更容易获得高位的出针点。     

Bone disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and its treatments

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with bone disorders, albeit via different mechanisms. Early studies in patients with type 1 diabetes suggested a 10-fold increase in the hip fracture risk compared to non-diabetic controls. Meta-analyses published more recently indicate a somewhat smaller risk increase, with odds ratios of 6 to 7. Diminished bone mineral density is among the contributors to the increased fracture risk. Both types of diabetes are associated with decreased bone strength related to low bone turnover. The multiple and interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the bone disorders seen in type 1 diabetes include insulin deficiency, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, bone microarchitecture alterations, changes in bone marrow fat content, low-grade inflammation, and osteocyte dysfunction. The bone alterations are less severe in type 2 diabetes. Odds ratios for hip fractures have ranged across studies from 1.2 to 1.7, and bone mineral density is higher than in non-diabetic controls. The odds ratio is about 1.2 for all bone fragility fractures combined. The pathophysiological mechanisms are complex, particularly as obesity is very common in patients with type 2 diabetes and is itself associated with an increased risk of fractures at specific sites (humerus, tibia, and ankle). The main mechanisms underlying the bone fragility are an increase in the risk of falls, sarcopenia, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, vitamin D deficiency, and alterations in cortical bone microarchitecture and bone matrix. The medications used to treat both types of diabetes do not seem to play a major role. Nevertheless, thiazolidinediones and, to a lesser extent, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors may have adverse effects on bone, whereas metformin may have beneficial effects. For the most part, the standard management of bone fragility applies to patients with diabetes. However, emphasis should be placed on preventing falls, which are particularly common in this population. Finally, there is some evidence to suggest that anti-fracture treatments are similarly effective in patients with and without diabetes.     

3D打印技术联合组合式接骨板内固定治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折

目的:探讨3D打印技术联合组合式接骨板内固定在治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折中的应用价值及临床疗效。方法:自2010年5月至2016年10月,采用Mimics19.0软件,按1∶1打印骨盆3D模型进行术前规划,同时应用组合式接骨板内固定治疗23例陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折患者,男15例,女8例;年龄20～63(43.0±5.1)岁;受伤至手术时间23～101(47.0±10.5) d。骨折按Letournel-Judet分型:后壁骨折11例,横行伴后壁骨折7例,后柱伴后壁骨折5例;所有患者采用单一Kocher-Langenbeck入路行组合式接骨板内固定,记录术中、术后及随访时观察评定指标。结果:23例患者手术时间(113.5±11.5) min,术中出血(550.0±104.7) ml,术中透视(12.7±0.8) s。采用Matta放射学复位评定标准:优14例,良7例,差2例;23例患者均获得10～24(16.0±5.6)个月随访,末次随访根据改良Merle d’Aubingne和Postel评分系统评定髋关节功能:优11例,良8例,可3例,差1例。术后发生创伤性关节炎3例,股骨头坏死1例,异位骨化2例,坐骨神经刺激征5例。结论:3D打印技术进行术前模拟联合组合式接骨板坚强固定,是一种有效、快捷治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折的手术方法。此外,打印模型能够为术者提供三维立体形态结构,结合术前模拟,便于术中复位,有效提高了手术效率。