补肾填髓汤对股骨骨折术后延迟愈合的效果观察

目的:观察和分析补肾填髓汤对股骨骨折术后延迟愈合的效果。方法:回顾分析了2014年4月-2017年4月期间在我院进行了股骨骨折术后延迟愈合治疗的40例患者的治疗过程,分为对照组(20例)和观察组(20例)。对照组患者予常规治疗,观察组则在对照组治疗的基础之上加入补肾填髓汤进行治疗。治疗后,对比两组患者之间的疗效以及骨代谢指标。结果:治疗前,两组患者骨代谢指标之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者代谢指标改善情况优于对照组,P<0.05,两组之间差异存在统计学意义。治疗后,观察组疗效高于对照组,P<0.05,差异存在统计学意义。结论:使用补肾填髓汤治疗股骨骨折术后延迟愈患者能够大幅度提高患者疗效,提升治疗过程中的安全性,值得推广。     

Identification of the medial femoral safe zone for drilling during dynamic hip screw side plate fixation: A CT angiogram tracing of the profunda femoris artery

Objectives

Iatrogenic injury of the Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) at time of hip fixation surgery can increase morbidity and mortality and prolong the hospital stay. This is an injury that tends to pass unnoticed as a cause of postoperative deterioration despite being frequently reported in the literature. Our study aims to describe the anatomy of the PFA in relation to the medial femoral cortex with specific emphasis on its orientation relative to the position of a sliding hip screw side plate construct. By doing so we are able to present clear guidance to orthopaedic surgeons on how to avoid iatrogenic PFA injury at the time of hip fracture fixation.

A fully automated sex estimation for proximal femur X-ray images through deep learning detection and classification

PurposeTo develop a fully automated deep learning pipeline using digital radiographs to detect the proximal femur region for accurate automated sex estimation.MethodRadiograph predictive features from 2122 Chinese Han clinical pelvic with ages ranging from 18 to 26 years were collected retrospectively to train and test the sex prediction model using deep machine learning’s convolutional neural networks (CNN). Model performance was assessed using a Chinese Han population with 361 samples and a white population with 50 samples. The average accuracy of the sex estimation of the two test datasets was determined.ResultsFor the Chinese Han population test dataset, the sex estimation accuracy was 94.6% (males: 93.9% and females: 94.7%). For the white population samples, the accuracy of sex estimation was 82.9% (males: 80.9% and females: 88.6%). The accuracy of CNN tested in the Chinese population was significantly higher than that tested in the White population (p < 0.001)ConclusionsThe model based on convolutional neural networks has an accuracy similar to that of current state-of-the-art mathematical functions using manually extracted features for the Chinese Han population samples, proving to be a reliable choice for the human sex estimation.     

Analysis of vertical and horizontal offsets in displaced femoral neck fracture in elderly treated with indigenous bicentric bipolar hip device

ObjectivesTo analyze the effect of indigenous bicentric bipolar prosthesis on horizontal and vertical offsets in fracture neck of femur when compared to contralateral normal hip and to evaluate functional outcomes. We hypothesized that our non-modular bipolar device restores satisfactory offsets in such patients.MethodsAll active elderly patients with displaced fracture NOF having contralateral normal hip were included. We used an indigenous bicentric bipolar hip-prosthesis, which is a non-modular single-piece device in all cases by lateral Hardinge approach. Postoperative radiograph AP view was taken in 15° internal rotation to decrease the effect of limb rotation on offset. CT scan was also used to evaluate offsets using ADW4.6 ADVANCED GE optima 128 slice software system. Subjects were followed for a minimum of 12 months postoperatively and functional outcome of effect of offsets change were evaluated by modified Harris Hip Score.ResultsThere is minimal difference in horizontal and vertical offset after bicentric bipolar hemi-replacement which is statistically insignificant supporting our hypothesis. The clinical outcomes were good to fair according to modified Harris Hip Score. The mean value of horizontal offset after our bipolar hemireplacement was 42.4 ± 2.04 mm and of normal hip was 41.8 ± 1.81 mm and P-value=0.08 in plain radiographs and value of horizontal offset in CT scan was 40.73 ± 0.27on bipolar side and 41.19 ± 0.77 on normal side. Vertical offset after bicentric bipolar was 32.67 ± 2.85 mm and vertical offset of normal hip was 32.53 ± 2.73 mm. Mean 9.77 ± 1.09 mm of calcar was preserved. Modified Harris Hip Score at 6 and 12 months postoperatively was 75.78 ± 4.16 and 79.53 ± 3.95 respectively. There was no incidence of hip dislocation.ConclusionOur study data clearly demonstrates that vertical and horizontal offsets are effectively maintained by the indigenous bicentric hip device. There was insignificant change in offsets as compared to contralateral normal side due to its design modifications. Indigenous bicentric non-modular bipolar device offers an excellent option for femur neck fractures in elderly patients in resource constrained situations. It allows rapid rehabilitation due to reduced surgical time, minimal blood loss and early return to function and activities of daily living.     

Osseointegration of porous titanium and tantalum implants in ovariectomized rabbits: A biomechanical study

BACKGROUNDToday, biological fixation of uncemented press-fit acetabular components plays an important role in total hip arthroplasty. Long-term stable fixation of these implants depends on the osseointegration of the acetabular cup bone tissue into the acetabular cup implant, and their ability to withstand functional loads.AIMTo compare the strength of bone-implant osseointegration of four types of porous metal implants in normal and osteoporotic bone in rabbits.METHODSThe study was performed in 50 female California rabbits divided into non-ovariectomized (non-OVX) and ovariectomized groups (OVX) at 6 mo of age. Rabbits were sacrificed 8 wk after the implantation of four biomaterials [TTM, CONCELOC, Zimmer Biomet''s Trabecular Metal (TANTALUM), and ATLANT] in a 5-mm diameter defect created in the left femur. A biomechanical evaluation of the femur was carried out by testing implant breakout force. The force was gradually increased until complete detachment of the implant from the bone occurred.RESULTSThe breakout force needed for implant detachment was significantly higher in the non-OVX group, compared with the OVX group for all implants (TANTALUM, 194.7 ± 6.1 N vs 181.3 ± 2.8 N; P = 0.005; CONCELOC, 190.8 ± 3.6 N vs 180.9 ± 6.6 N; P = 0.019; TTM, 186.3 ± 1.8 N vs 172.0 N ± 11.0 N; P = 0.043; and ATLANT, 104.9 ± 7.0 N vs 78.9 N ± 4.5 N; P = 0.001). In the OVX group, The breakout forces in TANTALUM, TTM, and CONCELOC did not differ significantly (P = 0.066). The breakout force for ATLANT in the OVX group was lower by a factor of 2.3 compared with TANTALUM and CONCELOC, and by 2.2 compared with TTM (P = 0.001). In the non-OVX group, the breakout force for ATLANT was significantly different from all other implants, with a reduction in fixation strength by a factor of 1.9 (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONTANTALUM, TTM, and CONCELOC had equal bone-implant osseointegration in healthy and in osteoporotic bone. ATLANT had significantly decreased osseointegration (P = 0.001) in healthy and in osteoporotic bone.     

Body height estimation from post-mortem CT femoral F1 measurements in a contemporary Swiss population

PurposeThe present study aimed at the comparison of body height estimations from cadaver length with body height estimations according to Trotter and Gleser (1952) and Penning and Riepert (2003) on the basis of femoral F1 section measurements in post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) images.MethodsIn a post-mortem study in a contemporary Swiss population (226 corpses: 143 males (mean age: 53 ± 17 years) and 83 females (mean age: 61 ± 20 years)) femoral F1 measurements (403 femora: 199 right and 204 left; 177 pairs) were conducted in PMCT images and F1 was used for body height estimation using the equations after Trotter and Gleser (1952, “American Whites”), and Penning and Riepert (2003).ResultsThe mean observed cadaver length was 176.6 cm in males and 163.6 cm in females. Mean measured femoral length F1 was 47.5 cm (males) and 44.1 cm (females) respectively. Comparison of body height estimated from PMCT F1 measurements with body height calculated from cadaver length showed a close congruence (mean difference less than 0.95 cm in males and less than 1.99 cm in females) for equations both applied after Penning and Riepert and Trotter and Gleser.ConclusionsFemoral F1 measurements in PMCT images are very accurate, reproducible and feasible for body height estimation of a contemporary Swiss population when using the equations after Penning and Riepert (2003) or Trotter and Gleser (1952).     

超选动脉骨髓基质干细胞灌注治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死中长期疗效分析

目的：研究骨髓基质干细胞经超选动脉灌注治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死的中长期疗效。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2004年12月接受超选动脉骨髓基质干细胞灌注治疗且随访资料完整的62例78髋非创伤性股骨头坏死患者,男35例43髋,女27例35髋;年龄22～54岁,平均36.3岁。根据术前影像学资料示ARCOI期16髋,Ⅱ期52髋,llIa期10髋;术前Han＇is评分为（64．94±8．12）分。分析患者末次随访的Harris评分,影像学变化,DSA血管变化。结果：患者术后随访9～13年,平均11年。共18髋接受人工关节置换,术前ARCOI、Ⅱ期共10髋行人工关节置换,Ⅲa期8髋行人工关节置换。末次随访Harris评分为（71．21±10．19）分,较术前有明显提高。DSA可见供应股骨头的血管有增粗、增多。结论：超选动脉骨髓基质干细胞灌注能有效治疗ARCOI、Ⅱ期非创伤性股骨头坏死,可使旋股内动脉及其分支有增粗、增多表现。     

骨髓基质干细胞、骨诱导活性材料和两者复合物治疗兔早期股骨头坏死的疗效比较

目的：比较骨髓基质干细胞（BMSC）、骨诱导活性材料（OAM）和两者复合物对早期股骨头坏死（ANFH）修复的疗效。筛选出最佳方案。为临床应用提供依据。方法：28只新西兰大白兔随机分为A、B、C组，A、B组又分左、右侧组，采用液氮冷冻法建立双侧ANFH模型，A、B右侧组植入BMSC＋OAM构建的组织工程复合物，A左侧组植入复合自体BMSC的明胶海绵，B左侧组植入OAM，C组植入空白明胶海绵，术后2、4、6、8周随机取A、B两组各3只动物、C组1只动物，影像学检查后处死，取双侧股骨头标本进行组织学检查。结果：（1）X线显示，自实验第4周后A、B右侧组钻孔缺损区成骨明显优于左侧组及C组，表现为中心密度增高，缺损腔缩小，边缘模糊．6周时出现骨小梁结构，8周时有正常骨小梁结构；左侧组仅表现为随时间的延长，中心密度及边缘密度逐渐增高，形成硬化线，但无骨小梁结构，C组缺损区出现囊性变扩大并有塌陷。（2）组织学显示，A、B右侧组缺损区，2周时有成骨细胞。4周时有骨小梁及类骨质填充，6周时有成熟骨小粱和骨髓组织出现，8周时骨小梁成熟和骨髓组织形成：A、B左侧组在相同的时间内其组织学修复及新骨塑性与改建均不如各自的右侧组。结论：自体BMSC4-OAM构建的组织工程复合物对免早期ANFH修复作用优于单独应用BMSC和OAM，是目前治疗ANFH的最佳治疗方法     

二期游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定在GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损中的应用

目的：探讨二期游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定在 GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损中的临床应用效果。方法对16例GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损患者,早期行彻底清创、外固定架固定骨折,创面分别给予负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage, VSD）或用无菌敷料覆盖,定期伤口换药。术后根据肉芽组织生长情况分别行植皮、邻近皮瓣转移或游离皮瓣移植修复创面。待创面完全愈合,拆除外固定架,二期行游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定治疗。结果所有病例均获随访,随访时间9个月～2.5年,平均1.5年。移植腓骨全部成活,股骨骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间4～9个月。患肢均恢复正常负重行走,随访期间无再骨折。腓骨供区伤口愈合良好,膝、踝关节功能不受限。无踝关节不稳定及外翻畸形发生。结论早期彻底清创、外固定架固定骨折,待创面完全愈合,拆除外固定架,行游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定是治疗GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损的一种有效方法。     

Health outcomes of delayed union and nonunion of femoral and tibial shaft fractures

Introduction

Knowledge about the functional consequences of lower limb long bone fractures is helpful to inform patients, clinicians and employers about their recovery process and prognosis. This study aims to describe the epidemiology and health outcomes of femoral and tibial shaft fractures treated at two level I trauma centres, by comparing the differences between patients with delayed union or nonunion and patients with union.

Patients and methods

An analysis of registry data over two years, supplemented with medical record review, was conducted. Fracture healing was retrospectively assessed by clinical and radiological evidence of union, and the need for surgical intervention. SF-12 scores, and work and pain status were prospectively recorded at six and twelve months post injury.

Results

285 fractures progressed to union and 138 fractures developed delayed union or nonunion. There was a significant difference between the two cohorts with regards to the mechanism of injury, association with multi-trauma, open fractures, grade of Gustilo classification, patient fund source, smoking status and presence of comorbidities. The SF-12 physical component score was less than 50 at both six and twelve months with improvement in the union group, but not in the delayed union or nonunion group. 72% of patients with union had returned to work at one year, but 54% continued to have pain. The difference compared to patients with delayed union or nonunion was significant.

Discussion

Even patients whose fractures unite in the expectant time-frame will have residual physical disability. Patients with delayed union or nonunion have still poorer outcomes, including ongoing problems with returning to work and pain. It is important to educate patients about their injury so that they have realistic expectations. This is particularly relevant given that the patients most likely to sustain femoral or tibial shaft fractures are working-age healthy adults, and up to a third of fractures may develop delayed union or nonunion.

Conclusion

Despite modern treatment, the patient-reported outcomes of lower limb long bone shaft fractures do not return to normal at one year. Patients with delayed union or nonunion can expect poorer outcomes.