Thoracic vertebra interbody fusion surgery with robotic assisted system in a swine model

Minimally invasive procedures have been increasing in spine surgery, and interest in robotic systems has inclined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate feasibility of a robotic-assisted thoracic spine interbody fusion in a swine model. Neurosurgeons performed the surgical procedures with robotic surgery certificates on the Da Vinci Xi Surgical System. Surgical approaches were applied using four ports while the swine was in the left lateral position. The surgical procedure was accomplished in 70 min including positioning and preparation of robotic system (20 min), placement of ports and thoracic dissection and confirmation of level with the C-arm system (10 min), discectomy and cage insertion (15 min), control of cage position via the C-arm system and closure (10 min). This study showed the anterior thoracic approach with robotic surgery is safe and feasible with providing a wide working area and high image quality.     

经Delta通道椎间孔镜治疗神经根型颈椎病

目的:探讨经Delta通道椎间孔镜治疗神经根型颈椎病的早期临床疗效及安全性。方法:对2017年9月至2018年7月收治的10例神经根型颈椎病患者行经Delta通道后路椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术,其中男6例,女4例;年龄30～62(41.5±4.3)岁;均为单侧根性症状,其中C_(4,5) 2例,C_(5,6) 5例,C_(6,7) 3例。所有患者CT及MRI检查提示无后纵韧带骨化及黄韧带钙化等影像学表现,颈椎动力位X线片无颈椎不稳,经系统非手术治疗6周以上,疗效欠佳。观察患者术前及末次随访时颈肩痛VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI评分、颈椎生理曲度、颈椎病变节段椎间高度和稳定性的改变。结果:所有手术顺利完成,无脊髓、神经根或大血管损伤情况的发生。手术时间70～120 min,平均90 min;术中出血量30～90 ml,平均40 ml。10例患者均获得随访,时间6～14个月,平均9个月。所有患者术后神经根性疼痛缓解满意,神经功能有所改善。VAS评分由术前的7.15±2.01降至末次随访时的1.59±0.83;JOA评分由术前的12.57±1.24升至末次随访时的16.42±0.58;NDI评分由术前的41.82±4.71提高到末次随访时的9.59±3.52;末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。颈椎生理曲度D值由术前的(8.21±0.84) mm升至末次随访时的(10.89±0.96) mm (P0.05)。病变节段椎间高度术前、末次随访时分别为(5.62±0.59)、(5.60±0.57) mm,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时颈椎动力位X线片未见颈椎失稳。结论:经Delta通道后路椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗神经根型颈椎病能取得较为满意的疗效,且不影响颈椎的稳定性,安全性可靠,值得临床应用。     

显微镜辅助下小切口治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经后路显微镜辅助下小切口椎间盘切除术（microsurgery lumbar discectomy,MSLD）治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法 2008年10月～2011年12月采用Leiea MC1型显微镜及特制椎板小拉钩对150例腰椎间盘突出症（单间隙突出90例,双间隙突出50例,三间隙突出10例,合并侧隐窝狭窄30例）行显微镜下椎间盘髓核切除术。术前X线精确定位手术间隙,全程显微镜下显露,切除部分黄韧带,初步显露硬膜,根据需要切除少许上位椎板下缘及关节突内缘,保护神经根,切除髓核组织。结果手术时间30～60 min,（35.5±6.4）min;术中出血20～95 ml,出血量（56.5±5.8）ml。手术切口长1.8～3.5 cm,（2.5±0.8）cm。术中硬脊膜破裂2例,行硬脊膜修补。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经根、马尾神经损伤及感染等并发症发生。术后住院时间3.5～7.0 d,（5.5±2.0）d。单病种总医疗费用6000～8500元,（5500±1500）元。150例术后随访12～36个月,平均24.6月,按MacNab评价标准：优127例（84.6%）,良13例（8.7%）,可10例（6.7%）,优良率93.3%（140/150）。结论 MSLD治疗腰椎间盘突出症术野清晰,神经根减压彻底,对脊柱稳定结构破坏小,术后疗效满意,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种理想的微创手术。     

MED下的神经根变异

目的 观察显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术（Microendoscopic Discectomy，MED）治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者时神经根变异情况。方法 分析应用MED治疗的724例患者术中证实存在神经根变异病人的临床特点及术中表现。结果 724例腰椎间盘突出症患者中37例有神经根变异，并与术前的临床表现吻合。37例神经根变异患者均在MED下完成手术，无一例出现神经根损伤。结论 本组腰椎间盘突出症患者中神经根变异的发生率为5．1％。对于腰椎间盘突出症患者临床出现神经根受累表现及临床神经根定位体征与影像学腰椎间盘突出不符时应高度怀疑神经根变异的存在。     

椎间盘摘除联合后外侧融合术治疗再发性腰椎间盘突出的疗效观察

目的观察椎间盘摘除联合外侧融合术治疗再发性腰椎间盘突出的临床疗效。方法 200例腰椎间盘突出患者根据腰椎有无失稳分为研究组和对照组各100例。对照组患者100例术前无腰椎失稳、退变性滑脱,研究组患者100例合并腰椎失稳、退变性滑脱或椎管狭窄,对照组给予患者椎间盘摘除术治疗,研究组患者给予椎间盘摘除联合外侧融合术治疗,应用JOA、ODI、LBOS、VAS评分表进行评分并记录手术优良率。结果 2组患者治疗后JOA、ODI、LBOS、VAS评分均显著优于治疗前(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组手术优良率为88%高于对照组的85%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腰椎间盘突出症复发根据病情不同给予针对性治疗,椎间盘摘除联合外侧融合术可改善椎间盘功能,提高手术成功率。     

椎间孔镜技术治疗复杂类型腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨椎间孔镜（transforaminal endoscopic spine system, TESSYS）技术治疗复杂类型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法采用TESSYS技术,对复杂型腰椎间盘突出症39例（50个椎间盘）进行治疗,其中极外侧突出13例,老年腰椎间盘突出并退变性椎间孔狭窄17例,青少年腰椎间盘突出9例。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分和改良MacNad标准评定手术疗效。结果腰痛及下肢放射痛VAS评分术前为（8.7±1.2）分,术后3 d为（3.5±1.4）分,末次随访（1.5±1.1）分;其差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,改良MacNad标准临床效果评定结果为优28例,良7例,可4例,优良率为90.23%。患者对疼痛缓解满意率为95.2%,至今无复发病例。结论脊柱TESSYS系统是治疗腰椎间盘突出症较为安全有效的新技术,具有创伤小,出血少,视野清晰,操作精准,术后恢复快,安全性能好,手术效果优良等优点。     

Protecting facet joints post-lumbar discectomy: Barricaid annular closure device reduces risk of facet degeneration

Lumbar discectomy is an effective treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Although the majority of patients experience successful outcomes, a significant fraction will experience a recurrence of their back pain due to facet joint degeneration. Facet joint degeneration after discectomy may be the result of excessive nuclear removal, disc space narrowing, and annular injury. This study investigated whether implantation with the Barricaid annular closure device (ACD) during discectomy reduced the rate of facet degeneration. Inclusion criteria were primary lumbar disc herniation failing conservative treatment, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Leg ≥ 40/100, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) ≥ 40/100 and defects that were ≤60 mm² (Barricaid arm only), and patient age 18–75. CT interpretations were collected preoperatively and 12 months post-discectomy. Patients implanted with Barricaid had significantly reduced rates and grades of facet degeneration than patients without Barricaid. Reinforcing the annulus fibrosus with Barricaid during lumbar discectomy may slow the progression of facet joint degeneration.