首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2594篇
  免费   138篇
  国内免费   48篇
耳鼻咽喉   93篇
儿科学   107篇
妇产科学   60篇
基础医学   271篇
口腔科学   45篇
临床医学   190篇
内科学   183篇
皮肤病学   19篇
神经病学   205篇
特种医学   53篇
外科学   205篇
综合类   487篇
预防医学   92篇
眼科学   86篇
药学   539篇
中国医学   52篇
肿瘤学   93篇
  2024年   3篇
  2023年   13篇
  2022年   39篇
  2021年   65篇
  2020年   56篇
  2019年   44篇
  2018年   50篇
  2017年   47篇
  2016年   73篇
  2015年   58篇
  2014年   159篇
  2013年   173篇
  2012年   151篇
  2011年   179篇
  2010年   150篇
  2009年   160篇
  2008年   159篇
  2007年   151篇
  2006年   145篇
  2005年   128篇
  2004年   97篇
  2003年   79篇
  2002年   81篇
  2001年   57篇
  2000年   57篇
  1999年   53篇
  1998年   25篇
  1997年   28篇
  1996年   36篇
  1995年   21篇
  1994年   20篇
  1993年   14篇
  1992年   17篇
  1991年   12篇
  1990年   10篇
  1989年   9篇
  1988年   15篇
  1987年   16篇
  1986年   20篇
  1985年   37篇
  1984年   20篇
  1983年   7篇
  1982年   8篇
  1981年   4篇
  1980年   6篇
  1979年   4篇
  1978年   5篇
  1976年   7篇
  1975年   5篇
  1971年   2篇
排序方式: 共有2780条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACT

Purpose: To describe the long-term clinical outcomes in a cohort of uveitic eyes treated with the intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex; Allergan, Inc).

Methods: Seventy-nine (63 patients) receiving 134 implant injections over 82 months were included. Indication, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), vitreous haze score (VHS), central retinal thickness (CRT), time to reinjection, systemic treatments, and complications data were recorded.

Results: The cumulative probability of VA improvement was 80% at 1 month and 90% at 12 months, and it was maintained until 60 months. Eyes with baseline vitritis (VHS >0.5; 68%) had a probability of VHS improvement of 33% at 1 month, 75% at 12 months, and 85% at 60 months. The probability of CRT improvement was 33% at 1 month, 75% at 12 months, and 85% at 60 months. The most frequent adverse event was moderate IOP elevation (≥25 mmHg) in 30.3%, no cases of retinal detachment or endophthalmitis were observed.

Conclusions: The dexamethasone implant provides favorable VA, CRT, and VHS long-term outcomes in uveitis with a reduced rate of severe adverse events.  相似文献   
2.
Neuroinflammation triggered by the expression of damaged-associated molecular patterns released from dying cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the benefits from the control of neuroinflammation in the clinical outcome have not been established. In this study, the effectiveness of intranasal, a highly efficient route to reach the central nervous system, and intraperitoneal dexamethasone administration in the treatment of neuroinflammation was evaluated in a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in C57BL/6 male mice. We performed a side-by-side comparison using intranasal versus intraperitoneal dexamethasone, a timecourse including immediate (0 h) or 4 or 12 h poststroke intranasal administration, as well as 4 intranasal doses of dexamethasone beginning 12 h after the MCAO versus a single dose at 12 h to identify the most effective conditions to treat neuroinflammation in MCAO mice. The best results were obtained 12 h after MCAO and when mice received a single dose of dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) intranasally. This treatment significantly reduced mortality, neurological deficits, infarct volume size, blood–brain barrier permeability in the somatosensory cortex, inflammatory cell infiltration, and glial activation. Our results demonstrate that a single low dose of intranasal dexamethasone has neuroprotective therapeutic effects in the MCAO model, showing a better clinical outcome than the intraperitoneal administration. Based on these results, we propose a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of the damage process that accompanies ischemic stroke.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13311-020-00884-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   
3.
目的:探讨甘露醇注射液在腰椎间盘突出症术后"反跳痛"治疗中的临床疗效。方法:收集2014年3月到2017年3月在我院行椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术的患者共82例,将所有患者随机分为3组,其中对照组27例,甘露醇组30例,地塞米松组25例。术前记录患者下肢痛的视觉模拟评分(VAS评分),腰椎日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(JOA评分)。术后甘露醇组使用20%甘露醇注射液125 mL静脉滴注,每8小时一次,连用一周。地塞米松组使用20 mg地塞米松磷酸钠注射液加入葡萄糖注射液,3 d后地塞米松减量为10 mg,连用一周。记录术后下肢痛的VAS评分和腰椎JOA评分,以及是否有下肢"反跳痛"及其VAS评分和持续时间。结果:3组患者手术前后VAS评分和JOA评分没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。3组患者术后下肢"反跳痛"的发生率没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。地塞米松可减少术后下肢痛的VAS评分,甘露醇无此效果,差异有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:甘露醇不能减少术后下肢"反跳痛"的发生率,疼痛程度和持续时间。  相似文献   
4.
目的观察飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)中角膜帽下地塞米松平衡液冲洗与否对术后视觉质量及角膜组织结构形态的影响。方法选择拟进行双眼SMILE手术的24例(48眼)纳入研究,每例患者随机选取一眼透镜取出后,行地塞米松平衡液冲洗角膜帽下基质腔隙(实验组),对侧眼不冲洗(对照组)。分别于术后第1天、第7天及1个月对比观察两组的裸眼视力、屈光状态、角膜中央厚度(CCT)、眼压(NCT);同时利用共焦显微镜及前段光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查对比观察两组角膜上皮细胞、神经纤维、基质细胞、内皮细胞形态结构。采用配对t检验比较两组的裸眼视力、屈光状态等各指标有无差异。结果术后第1天、第7天及1个月两组间裸眼视力比较:实验组为4.99±0.07、5.06±0.08、5.05±0.06;对照组为5.01±0.07、5.05±0.08、5.06±0.09;3个时间点两组间裸眼视力均无统计学差异(P均>0.05);术后第1天、第7天及1个月的屈光度(SE,D):实验组为0.03±0.49、0.1±0.37、0.02±0.4;对照组为0.09±0.54、0.19±0.48、0±0.52,3个时间点两组间SE比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。共焦镜检查不同时间点比较:角膜上皮层细胞密度[术前(4578.73±268.40,4539.57±329.25)个/mm^2,术后第1天(4565.21±247.31,4627.23±271.03)个/mm^2,术后第7天(4640.01±246.79,4517.71±281.43)个/mm^2];角膜内皮细胞密度[术前(2541.50±259.59,2443.52±305.58)个/mm^2,术后第1天(2387.01±248.55,2495.27±238.52)个/mm^2,术后第7天(2484.49±223.71,2482.53±323.82)个/mm^2],术前术后两组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);角膜上皮下神经纤维丛术前术后两组间比较无明显变化;切削界面高反光物两组间比较没有明显差异;角膜前基质细胞密度[术前(789.51±67.17,802.03±67.94)个/mm^2,术后第1天(889.37±60.62,912.27±95.87)个/mm^2,术后第7天(796.67±75.03,818.39±59.65)个/mm^2]在术后第1天、第7天较术前均有增加,但两组之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05),术后1 d两组前基质细胞较术前增加,有统计学差异(P<0.05);角膜后基质细胞术后各时间点两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。角膜OCT在术后1 d、7 d两组在角膜帽下均未出现明显层间间隙和积液,两组间角膜中央厚度无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论SMILE术中地塞米松平衡液角膜帽下冲洗对术后裸眼视力、屈光度及角膜组织结构形态无明显影响。  相似文献   
5.
6.
7.
目的 探讨甲基强的松龙(MP)冲击疗法治疗放射性脑水肿(RCE)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2001~2012年收治46例的RCE的临床资料。26例给予MP冲击疗法(观察组),20例给予地塞米松等传统治疗(对照组)。治疗30 d,评估临床疗效,分为显效、有效、无效、进展;总有效=显效+有效;根据中华医学会第二次全国脑血管病学术会议制定的评分标准评定神经功能缺损程度,分为基本治愈、显著进步、进步、无变化、恶化、死亡;采用修订的Barthel指数评定法评定日常生活活动能力。结果 观察组总有效率(90.91%)与对照组(72.22%)无统计学差异(P>0.05),但是显效率(36.26%)明显高于对照组(5.56%;P<0.05)。治疗后30 d,观察组神经功能评分[(8.15±3.25)分]与对照组[(7.65±3.77)分]较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05),但两组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后30 d,观察组Barthel指数[(84.04±12.41)分]与对照组[(84.50±7.59)分]较治疗前均明显增高(P<0.05),但是两组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率(42.31%)与对照组(45.00%)无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 MP冲击疗法和传统地塞米松疗法对RCE均具有治疗作用,但MP冲击疗法对颅内压增高症状的改善更快、更明显  相似文献   
8.
This study investigated the protective effect of melatonin on dexamethasone (Dex), an extensively used anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive synthetic glucocorticoid, induced testicular oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis in golden hamster. Hamsters were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7): group I – control; group II – melatonin treated (10 mg kg?1 day?1); group III – Dex treated (7 mg kg?1 day?1) and group IV – combination of Dex and melatonin. All the injections were administered intraperitoneally for seven consecutive days. The histopathological changes, specific biochemical markers, including antioxidative enzymes, plasma melatonin level and the markers for germ cell apoptosis were evaluated. Dex administration decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GSH‐PX), plasma melatonin level and melatonin receptor (MT1) expression with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and altered testicular histopathology which might culminate into increased germ cell apoptosis as evident from increased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and caspase‐3 expression. However, melatonin pre‐treatment enhanced enzyme activities for SOD, CAT, GSH‐PX with a simultaneous decrease in Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and caspase‐3 expression. Our findings clearly suggest that melatonin improved defence against Dex‐induced testicular oxidative stress and prevented germ cell apoptosis, suggesting a novel combination therapeutic approach for management of male reproductive health.  相似文献   
9.

目的 观察罗哌卡因复合不同剂量地塞米松行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞(ISBPB)对患儿上肢骨折手术后镇痛效果的影响。
方法 选择上肢骨折手术患儿73例,男46例,女27例,年龄3~7岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。随机分为三组:单纯罗哌卡因组(R组,n=24)、罗哌卡因复合地塞米松0.1 mg/kg组(D1组,n=24)和罗哌卡因复合地塞米松0.2 mg/kg组(D2组,n=25),三组药液容量均为0.3 ml/kg。患儿在麻醉后行超声引导下ISBPB,均保留自主呼吸。记录痛觉阻滞时间、运动阻滞时间、阻滞后24 h内镇痛药物(布洛芬混悬液、氢吗啡酮)的使用情况。记录膈神经阻滞、Horner综合征、声带麻痹、阻滞侧感觉异常等术后并发症的发生情况。
结果 D2组痛觉阻滞时间明显长于R组(P<0.05)。R组和D1组痛觉阻滞时间差异无统计学意义。三组运动阻滞时间差异无统计学意义。D1组和D2组阻滞后24 h内布洛芬混悬液使用次数、氢吗啡酮使用率明显低于R组(P<0.01),D1组和D2组差异无统计学意义。三组膈神经阻滞率差异无统计学意义。三组术后未出现其余并发症。
结论 与单纯罗哌卡因比较,0.25%罗哌卡因复合地塞米松0.1 mg/kg和0.2 mg/kg可安全应用于患儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,减轻术后疼痛;复合地塞米松0.2 mg/kg时明显延长镇痛时间。  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundDexamethasone is an effective analgesic and anti-emetic in patients undergoing many surgical procedures but its effects on pain after cesarean delivery are poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate if routine intra-operative administration of dexamethasone improved analgesia and decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting after scheduled cesarean delivery.MethodsElectronic medical record data for scheduled cesarean deliveries performed under neuraxial anesthesia, before and after a practice change that introduced the routine use of intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg, were obtained. Patients were analyzed based on whether they received routine care (n=182) or also received dexamethasone (n=187). The primary outcome was time to first opioid use. Secondary outcomes included postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, incidence and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, satisfaction and length of stay.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups in median time to first postoperative opioid administration (15.8 [3.4–48.0] h routine care vs 14.7 [3.2–38.8] h routine care plus dexamethasone, P=0.08). There were no significant differences in any secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThis impact study involving more than 360 patients suggests that routine administration of intra-operative intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg does not provide additional analgesic benefit after scheduled cesarean delivery, in the context of a multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen. Studies are required to determine if a larger dose or repeated administration influence postoperative analgesia or side effects, or whether certain subsets of patients may benefit.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号