疏风宣肺止嗽汤对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿肺功能及睡眠质量的影响

目的:观察疏风宣肺止嗽汤对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿肺功能及睡眠质量的影响。方法:将70例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。对照组给予常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用自拟疏风宣肺止嗽汤治疗。比较两组患儿的临床疗效、症状消失时间、住院时间、不良反应发生率、复发率及治疗前后中医证候积分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、肺功能指标变化情况。结果:观察组有效率为94.29%,对照组有效率为77.14%,两组患儿有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组复发率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗后中医证候评分及PSQI评分低于本组治疗前,且观察组治疗后低于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗后肺功能指标高于本组治疗前,且观察组治疗后高于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿症状消失时间及住院时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:自拟疏风宣肺止嗽汤治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘,能够改善患儿的临床症状、肺功能及睡眠质量。     

咳嗽从肾论治

基于中医有关古代文献和个人的临床经验，作者举例说明咳嗽不仅能从肺治疗，从肾治疗也是行之有效的方法。     

Cough and converting enzyme inhibitors

Persisting cough developed in three children treated with converting enzyme inhibitors. The symptoms disappeared within 3–7 days after withdrawing medication. These observations in children complement previous reports in adults and indicate that cough may be induced by treatment with these agents.     

Efficacy of diphenhydramine against cough in humans: a review

Aim To determine the efficacy of diphenhydramine against cough due to respiratory infection or irritation in patients/subjects without comorbidities. Method Two reviewers independently identified English language studies, searching on: clinical trials, randomized, diphenhydramine (OR dimenhydrinate), antitussive agents, cough (combine using AND). Sources were: Medline (1966–2005), Embase (1980–2005), Cochrane and references from retrieved articles. Two other reviewers, blinded to study origin selected studies, inclusion criteria being: diphenhydramine monotherapy against placebo, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial, intention-to-treat, dropout information. The blinded reviewers evaluated the selected studies on a quality scale. Results Eleven articles were identified, 7 were rejected (4 not placebo controlled, 2 had no diphenhydramine, 1 not blinded), leaving 4 articles, that were included in the evaluation and scored 20, 21, 25 and 26 out of a maximum of 32. In these selected studies, a total of 162 people were examined, 65 on diphenhydramine, 63 on placebo and 34 in a crossover setting. There was a total of 13 dropouts. The crossover studies demonstrated significant effect; 27–56% reduction in 20 healthy volunteers and 21–26% reduction in 13 patients (originally 14, one outlier left out), whereas the active versus placebo studies did not. Conclusion In spite of the 60 years that the substance has been on the market, only few studies have properly evaluated the effect of diphenhydramine against cough. Presumptions about efficacy of diphenhydramine against cough in humans are not univocally substantiated in literature.     

The effect of the neurokinin antagonist FK-224 on the cough response to inhaled capsaicin in a new model of guinea-pig eosinophilic bronchitis induced by intranasal polymyxin B

Eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma can cause a persistent non-productive cough which is resistant to bronchodilator therapy. To understand the mechanism of the cough in this disorder, an animal model of eosinophilic bronchitis was developed. Guinea-pigs were treated with transnasal administration of polymyxin B or saline twice a week for 3 weeks. The number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased in polymyxin B-treated animals when compared with those treated with saline. In addition, histological examination showed that the number of eosinophils infiltrated into the tracheal epithelium increased; injury to the tracheal epithelium was greater in polymyxin B-treated animals. The numbers of coughs induced by saline and each concentration of capsaicin (10^–18, 10^–16, 10^–14M) were greater in the polymyxin B-treated animals. FK-224 (a neurokinin receptor antagonist) decreased the heightened cough reflex in this animal model of eosinophilic bronchitis. These findings suggest that neuropeptides, and particularly neurokinins, are involved in the heightened cough receptor sensitivity in eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma. This has implications for better understanding of this disorder and its treatment.     

Safety assessment of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an ingredient added to cigarette tobacco

A tiered testing strategy has been developed to evaluate the potential for new ingredients, tobacco processes, and technological developments to alter the biological activity that results from burning tobacco. A series of studies was initially conducted with cigarettes containing 3% high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an alternate tobacco casing material to corn syrup/invert sugar, including determination of selected mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) constituent yields, Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a 30-week dermal tumor-promotion evaluation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in SENCAR mice, and a 13-week subchronic inhalation study of MS in Sprague-Dawley rats. A second series of studies was conducted with cigarettes containing 3%, 4% and 5% HFCS including MS chemistry, Ames assay, SCE assay in CHO cells, and a neutral red cytotoxicity assays. Collectively, mainstream smoke chemistry, genotoxicity, dermal tumor-promotion, and inhalation toxicity studies demonstrated no differences between cigarettes with 3% HFCS and cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar. Also, mainstream smoke chemistry and genotoxicity of cigarettes with 4% and 5% HFCS were not different from cigarettes with 3% HFCS. In conclusion, the addition of up to 5% HFCS to cigarette does not alter the mainstream smoke chemistry or biological activity of mainstream smoke or mainstream smoke condensate as compared to cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar with regard to the parameters investigated and presented.     

自制中草药制剂急性脱瘾解毒的临床观察

目的 探索戒毒的有效药物;方法 对１０５例吸毒成瘾者进行了临床试验,其中５６例采用自行研制的中草药一脱瘾糖浆治疗,４９例采用常规治疗作为对照;结果 戒断症状的控制率、控制速度、戒断症状在１３分以内的病例以及不良反应均明显优于对照组;提示 脱瘾糖浆对不同程度的吸毒成瘾者均有很好的疗效,且无毒副作用．     

195例强戒人员使用联邦止咳露调查研究

目的：了解联邦止咳露是否有成瘾和滥用倾向。方法：采用匿名问卷调查方式对温州市公安局强制戒毒所195名强制戒毒人员使用联邦止咳露情况及购药方式作了调查。结果：22人使用过联邦止咳露，其中男13例，使用率为6.7%，女9例，使用率为4.6%，总使用率为11.3%，全部口服。其使用动机：10人用于替代海洛因，1人用于替代“K”粉（氯胺酮），7人滥用，4人用于治疗咳嗽。22人中连续服用联邦止咳露每天1瓶超过3天以上的有15人，最长的4个月，最短的3天，平均21.5天，4人有醉感，5人有欣快感，3人有轻飘飘感，2人有兴奋，1人无感觉，最长的4个月停药后有稽延症状，心烦、睡眠差。联邦止咳露大多数来自药店和私人诊所，个别是从娱乐场所购买。结论：联邦止咳露有成瘾性，因此戒毒须慎重。     

奥亭止咳露与复方可待因口服溶液对照治疗121例患者的疗效

目的:评价奥亭止咳露临床镇咳、祛痰效果及不良反应.方法:采用随机双盲对照试验,可评价121例患者,分为试验组60例和对照组61例.试验组用奥亭止咳露每次15mL,po,tid,对照组用复方可待因口服溶液每次15mL,po,tid,2组均连用3～7d.结果:试验组镇咳临床总有效率为90%,对照组为74%,组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).主要不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、口干、乏力、恶心、便秘、排尿困难等.结论:奥亭止咳露用于镇咳祛痰安全有效.