Neonatal weight loss and gain patterns in caesarean section born infants: integrative systematic review

There is evidence that caesarean section delivery can impact on neonatal weight loss and weight gain patterns in the first 5 days of life. We conducted an integrative systematic review to examine the association of mode of delivery on early neonatal weight loss. Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online were searched for relevant papers published before June 2019. Reference lists from the relevant papers were then backwards and forwards searched. As neonatal weight loss was reported in different formats, a meta‐analysis could not be carried out. Most studies did not distinguish between elective and emergency caesarean sections or instrumental and nonassisted vaginal deliveries. Seven papers were included. All papers except one found that caesarean section was associated with higher weight loss in the early days of life. Two papers presented data from studies on babies followed up to 1 month. One study found that on day 25, babies born by caesarean section had significantly higher weight gain than those born vaginally, while another found that by day 28, babies born vaginally gained more weight per day (11.9 g/kg/day) than those born by caesarean section (10.9 g/kg/day; p = .02). Overall, infants born by caesarean section lost more weight than those born vaginally, but due to the small number of studies included, more are needed to look at this difference and why it may occur. This discrepancy in weight between the two groups may be corrected over time, but future studies will need larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods to examine this.     

胎儿小脑蚓部不同超声纹理特征与胎儿畸形关系的初探郭永华 肖宝军

目的：总结后颅窝正常和异常的胎儿小脑及小脑蚓部的矢状面的声像学特征,了解小脑细微结构的改变与胎儿畸形的关系。     

Effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section on post-spinal hypotension and neonatal hemodynamic parameters: nonrandomized controlled clinical trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section (CS) on post-spinal hypotension (PSH) and neonatal hemodynamic parameters.MethodsThis study is a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the cesarean delivery unit of the National Medical institute, Damanhour, Egypt. The sample included 120 parturients (60 intervention and 60 control). The researchers developed three tools for data collection: sociodemographic data and reproductive history interview schedule, electronic monitoring of maternal hemodynamic parameters, and neonatal hemodynamic assessment sheet. All parturients received ordinary pre-operative care. For the intervention group, a long elastic stocking (ordinary pressure 20–30 mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) was applied on both legs during cesarean section. The control group received the same care without the elastic stocking.ResultsSystolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in the intervention group throughout the entire operation period except in the last 5–15 min. Heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group. Only 13.3% of the intervention group took ephedrine compared with 45% of the control group. Apgar score was higher among neonates of intervention group compared with the control group at 1 min. Neonatal acidosis was significantly higher in the control group than in the contral group.ConclusionLower leg compression technique can effectively reduce PSH and neonatal acidosis.     

生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧随机对照试验的系统评价及Meta分析＊

目的 对生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的有效性与安全性进行系统评价，为其在临床应用提供循证医学证据。方法 检索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方资源数据库（WanFang）、维普期刊数据库（VIP）、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science等，检索时限为建库至2020年7月，选择生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的随机对照试验（RCT），采用Cochrane系统评价员手册提供的偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价，应用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇RCT文献，共计1804例剖宫产产妇；Meta分析结果显示，生化汤加味联合缩宫素组在产后第1、3、5天子宫底高度［MD = -0.75，95%CI（-1.35， -0.15），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.13， -0.72），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.79， -0.06），P < 0.00001］低于单用缩宫素组，联合用药组血性恶露时间［MD = -1.52，95%CI（-2.71，-0.34），P < 0.00001］和产后恶露持续时间［MD = -4.47，95%CI（-6.20，-2.75），P < 0.00001］均短于单用缩宫素组。结论 生化汤加味联合缩宫素与单用缩宫素比较，更能促进产后子宫复旧；不良反应少，报道的仅有4例出现轻微腹泻，安全性较高；但由于纳入文献质量较低，上述结论尚需更多的随机对照临床研究加以证实。     

Gastric emptying of carbohydrate drinks in term parturients before elective caesarean delivery: an observational study

BackgroundPre-operative carbohydrate (CHO) drinks have shown some benefits peri-operatively and have been incorporated into many Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programmes. We assessed the gastric emptying of pre-operative CHO drinks prior to elective caesarean delivery using ultrasonography.MethodsAfter a standard overnight fast, non-labouring pregnant women awaiting elective caesarean delivery underwent a standardised gastric ultrasound assessment at baseline and then every 20 min for 2 h after consuming 400 mL of a CHO drink. The gastric emptying was determined at each time-point both qualitatively and quantitatively. The primary outcome was the time taken for participants to return to a qualitative fasted Perlas grade of 0 or 1.ResultsThe gastric emptying of 40 participants was analysed. At baseline, all patients had a qualitative grade of either 0 or 1. All patients had returned to either grade 0 or 1 by 100 min. At 120 min the antral right lateral decubitus (RLD) cross-sectional area (CSA) was 8.03 cm² (95th percentile; 95% CI 7.4 to 8.3 cm²) and gastric volume per kg was 1.57 mL/kg (95th percentile; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2). At 120 min there was no statistically significant difference from baseline for the RLD CSA (P=0.38) or gastric volume per kg (P=0.27).ConclusionsThe gastric emptying of this cohort of pregnant women suggests that 400 mL of a CHO drink can be safely consumed up to two hours before elective surgery. This study can help inform future peri-operative fasting guidelines for pregnant patients.     

罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床效果分析

目的：探讨罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床疗效。方法方便选取2014年3月—2015年3月该院麻醉科收诊的剖宫产产妇60例,随机法分为观察组及对照组各30例,对照组术后给予罗哌卡因联合吗啡镇痛治疗,观察组术后给予罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼镇痛治疗,记录并分析两组产妇镇痛效果。结果观察组术后2h、8h、12 h、24 hVAS评分分别为(1.98±0.81)分、(2.28±0.78)分、(1.66±0.67)分、(1.17±0.61)分,均低于对照组(3.51±1.07)分、(3.82±1.03)分、(3.24±0.95)分、(2.16±0.55)分,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组术后肌力恢复正常时间和肛门排气时间分别为(7.28±1.16)h、18.49±1.71)h,均低于对照组(15.67±3.59)h、20.84±2.10)h,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；③观察组产妇术后不良反应发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组26.67%,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；结论罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果优于罗哌卡因联合吗啡,不良反应低,能有效缓解孕妇术后疼痛。     

米索前列醇预防剖宫产后出血344例临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。