Mechanical Hemolysis Complicating Transcatheter Interventions for Valvular Heart Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Mechanical intravascular hemolysis is frequently observed following procedures on heart valves and uncommonly observed in native valvular disease. In most cases, its severity is mild. Nevertheless, it can be clinically significant and even life threatening, requiring multiple blood transfusions and renal replacement therapy. This paper reviews the current knowledge on mechanical intravascular hemolysis in valvular disease, before and after correction, focusing on pathophysiology, approach to diagnosis, and impact of other hematological conditions on the resultant anemia. The importance of a multidisciplinary management is underscored. Laboratory data are provided about subclinical hemolysis that is commonly observed following the implantation of surgical and transcatheter valve prostheses and devices. Finally, clinical scenarios are reviewed and current medical and surgical treatments are discussed, including alternative options for inoperable patients.     

Self-reported metal hypersensitivity in patients undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty

ObjectivesThere is ongoing discussion about arthroplasty surgery of patients with metal hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare the functional outcomes and eosinophil counts of unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) patients with and without a history of metal hypersensitivity.MethodsA retrospective review was made of the medical records of 148 extremities of 140 consecutive patients who underwent primary UKA between January 2016 and December 2017. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were screened for history of metal hypersensitivity using a questionnaire. The functional outcomes of patients and eosinophil levels were evaluated immediately before and at 6 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 37 months (range, 18–48 months). Of the total 128 patients, 13 (10.2%) reported a history of metal hypersensitivity before the operation. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with or without a history of metal hypersensitivity in respect of the functional outcomes or eosinophil counts (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the functional outcomes of patients who underwent UKA using a standard alloy did not change between the groups who reported having or not having a history of metal hypersensitivity. Although the study also showed that the eosinophil counts decreased after surgery compared to the preoperative counts, there was no statistical relationship between the eosinophil count and functional outcomes or metal hypersensitivity history.     

全髋关节置换术中静滴氨甲环酸联合置换后放置或不放置引流管的对比

背景:全髋关节置换后放置引流管的目的在于引流出髋部积聚的血液,以加速患者康复。但由于术中已静脉滴入氨甲环酸,并可产生确切的减少失血的效果,术后常规放置引流管是否仍有必要?目的:探讨在全髋关节置换术中静滴氨甲环酸止血的基础上术后是否需要放置引流管。方法:选择2017年6月至2019年3月山西医科大学第二医院收治的初次单侧全髋关节置换患者132例,术中均静脉滴注氨甲环酸,其中62例全髋关节置换后放置引流管(引流组),70例全髋关节置换后不放置引流管(无引流组)。比较两组术后失血量、输血率、输血量、血红蛋白值及并发症发生情况;比较术后两组患者平均住院时间;术后随访髋关节Harris评分。试验获得山西医科大学第二医院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:①两组术后失血量、输血率、输血量与血红蛋白值比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);②引流组4例发生双下肢深静脉血栓,无引流组2例发生双下肢深静脉血栓,组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);③引流组出现了3例渗血渗液、3例感染、2例肿胀瘀斑,无引流组出现了1例渗血渗液、1例肿胀瘀斑,两组切口并发症比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④引流组平均住院时间长于无引流组(P<0.05);⑤两组术后1,3,6个月的髋关节Harris评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥结果表明,全髋关节置换术中静滴止血药物氨甲环酸后无需进行引流管放置。