Biocompatibility of Ricinus communis polymer with addition of calcium carbonate compared to titanium. Experimental study in guinea pigs

Objective

The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the difference in inflammatory tissue reaction between the Riccinus communis (castor) polymer with calcium carbonate and the titanium implant is statistically significant.

Methods

Thirty-two Cavia porcellus were allocated into four groups of eight animals each. We implanted the two types of materials in the retroperitoneal space of all the animals. They were euthanized at 7, 20, 30 and 40 days after surgery, and an histological study of the samples was conducted.

Results

All implants showed characteristics of chronic inflammation regardless of the material and timepoint of evaluation. There was no statistically significant difference between Pm+CaCO₃ and Ti with regard to the presence of granulation tissue, tissue congestion, histiocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, giant cells, and fibrosis (P> 0.05).

Conclusion

The castor oil polymer plus calcium carbonate implant was not statistically different from the titanium implant regarding inflammatory tissue reaction.     

Giant squamous cell carcinoma as a complication of a chronic enterocutaneous fistula: complex parietal reconstruction

Treatment of an enterocutaneous fistula is complex and may require multidisciplinary management, especially when associated with a neoplastic process. Here, we describe the case of a 59‐year‐old patient with a squamous cell carcinoma that had invaded the abdominal wall through a chronic enterocutaneous fistula identified 30 years ago. We combined parietectomy with small intestine and colon resection and inguinal lymphadenectomy in order to obtain clear surgical margins. At the same time, plastic surgery involved the implementation of a large bioprosthesis and coverage with a vastus lateralis muscle free flap.     

老年风湿性二尖瓣病变行二尖瓣修复术与生物瓣膜置换术中期效果比较

目的比较60岁以上老年患者风湿性二尖瓣修复(MVP)与生物瓣膜置换(MVR)的中期效果。方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月北京安贞医院瓣膜外科诊疗中心行风湿性二尖瓣修复或生物瓣置换手术的60岁以上老年风湿性二尖瓣病变患者,包括同期行三尖瓣修复术及房颤射频消融术患者;排除合并主动脉瓣手术、冠状动脉旁路移植手术、二次手术患者,最终纳入患者82例。根据二尖瓣手术方式分为二尖瓣修复组(MVP组,25例)和生物瓣置换组(MVR组,57例)。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析并绘制曲线,通过Log Rank方法比较两组患者5年生存率的差异。结果围手术期全组患者平均年龄(66.37±4.41)岁。54.9%的患者心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅲ级。两组患者在体外循环时间(P=0.99),主动脉阻断时间(P=0.88),术后住院时间(P=0.76)差异均无统计学意义。MVR组3例患者住院期间死亡,病死率5.3%;MVP组无住院期死亡(P=0.24)。随访5年,最长随访63个月,平均随访47.03个月。MVR组6例死亡,其中4例死于心脑血管不良事件,2例死于非心脑血管不良事件。MVP组无死亡。两组均无再手术病例。结论风湿性二尖瓣病变的老年患者采用二尖瓣修复手术治疗能够获得较好的中期效果。     

The Mosaic Mitral Valve Bioprosthesis: A Long-Term Clinical and Hemodynamic Follow-Up

We reviewed the cases of 100 patients (mean age, 73 ± 10 yr; 64 men) who had mitral valve replacement with a Medtronic Mosaic porcine bioprosthesis from 1995 through 2011. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was 3 ± 0.7, and 52 patients were in atrial fibrillation. Prosthetic sizes were chiefly 27 mm (50 patients) and 29 mm (40 patients). Follow-up ended in December 2012 and is 97% complete, with a cumulative duration of 611 patient-years (mean duration, 6 ± 4.6 yr; maximum, 17.7 yr).The early mortality rate was 10% (6% in elective patients); late deaths occurred in 31 patients (5 valve-related). Actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 74% ± 5%, 50% ± 6%, and 37% ± 8%. The mean NYHA class in survivors was 1.4 ± 0.6 (P <0.0001). Thromboembolic episodes occurred in 4 patients, with an actuarial freedom at 15 years of 91% ± 5%. No cases of endocarditis were observed. Four patients needed reoperation, 2 for structural failure, and 1 each for perivalvular leakage and valve thrombosis. Actuarial freedom from structural failure and from reoperation, respectively, was 93% ± 5% and 91% ± 5% at 15 years. Echocardiographic follow-up in 24 patients with 27-mm prostheses showed a mean gradient of 5 ± 1.7 mmHg and an effective orifice area of 1.57 ± 0.3 cm²; in 16 patients with 29-mm prostheses, the mean gradient was 4.5 ± 1.9 mmHg, and the effective orifice area, 1.63 ± 0.4 cm².During nearly 17 years of follow-up, the Mosaic bioprosthesis has shown good overall clinical and hemodynamic performance after mitral valve replacement.     

主动脉瓣生物瓣膜安全性的系统评价与meta分析

目的 采用系统评价和meta分析的方法评价主动脉瓣置换术中使用生物瓣膜的远期安全性结局。方法 计算机系统检索Medline、Embase、Web of Science、CENTRAL、ClinicalTrial.gov、SinoMed、中国知网、维普和万方数据库在2000年1月1日至2019年1月26日期间发表的随机临床试验、非随机临床试验、队列研究和病例系列研究,纳入标准还包括使用生物瓣膜进行主动脉瓣膜置换术、平均随访时间≥5年、报告了相关安全性结局等。提取研究特征和相关数据,使用Stata 14.0进行meta分析。结果 最终纳入53篇文献共57个研究组,包含47 803名患者。(1)全因死亡率为6.33/100人年(95%CI:5.85~6.84),亚组分析结果显示,猪瓣膜和牛心包瓣膜的死亡率分别为5.69/100人年(95%CI:5.05~6.41)和7.29/100人年(95%CI:6.53~8.13);有支架和无支架瓣膜的死亡率分别为6.69/100人年(95%CI:6.12~7.30)和5.21/100人年(95%CI:4.43~6.14)。(2)血栓栓塞的发生率为1.16/100人年(95%CI:0.96~1.40),心脏起搏器植入率为1.08/100人年(95%CI:0.75~1.54),再手术率为0.77/100人年(95%CI:0.65~0.91),脑卒中的发生率为0.74/100人年(95%CI:0.51~1.06),结构性瓣膜退化的发生率为 0.73/100人年(95%CI:0.59~0.91),大出血的发生率为0.52/100人年(95%CI:0.41~0.65),心内膜炎的发生率为0.38/100人年(95%CI:0.33~0.44),非结构性瓣膜退化的发生率为0.20/100人年(95%CI:0.13~0.31)。结论 生物瓣膜的全因死亡率为6.33/100人年,血栓栓塞、心脏起搏器植入、再手术、脑卒中和结构性瓣膜退化是主要的远期并发症。     

Surgical therapy in patients with active infective endocarditis: seven-year single centre experience in a subgroup of 255 patients treated with the Shelhigh stentless bioprosthesis

OBJECTIVE: We investigated outcomes after surgical therapy in patients with active infective endocarditis (AIE) with regard to survival in relation to surgical urgency, valve position, number of valves implanted and abscess formation. We aimed to identify independent risk factors for early mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-five patients received Shelhigh bioprostheses between February 2000 and March 2007. A total of 74.1% had native and 25.9% prosthetic AIE. Surgery was regarded as urgent in 57.3% and as an emergency procedure in 38.4%. There was a highly significant difference in survival rate between patients who were operated on urgently versus in an emergency (p<0.0001), between single and double valve replacement (p=0.0206) and between patients with and without abscess formation (p=0.0245). There were two cases of early reinfection (0.78%) and six of late reinfection (2.35%) leading to re-operation. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of patients differs significantly in dependence on their surgical urgency. Better outcome could have been achieved if patients had been referred earlier for surgery and operated upon before heart failure or septic shock developed. Long-term survival was better in patients without abscess formation. The low reinfection rate of Shelhigh bioprostheses in AIE is promising and the early and mid-term results achieved need to be verified in the long-term course.     

心脏瓣膜病机械瓣膜置换术后疗效的随访研究

目的研究心脏瓣膜病机械瓣膜置换术的疗效。方法选取125例心脏瓣膜病患者,根据所置换人工瓣膜的类型分为两组:A组85例应用机械瓣膜置换,B组40例应用生物瓣膜置换。比较两组的疗效,随访预后情况。结果 A组围术期死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后心功能较术前均显著改善,A组术后心功能优于B组。A组瓣周漏、血栓栓塞、人工瓣膜性心内膜炎的发生率均低于B组(P均<0.05)。结论机械心脏瓣膜置换术治疗心脏瓣膜病疗效确切,心功能改善明显,术后存活率高。选择合理的手术时机、术中良好的心肌保护及有效的术后抗凝是减少并发症的关键。     

Use of Oversized Injectable Valves in Growing Children for Total Repair of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Anomalies (Preliminary Results)

Right ventricular outflow tract surgery was originally confined to transannular patching, in the belief that pulmonary regurgitation was well tolerated. Because follow-up evaluations revealed the deleterious effects of pulmonary regurgitation, surgery today aims to spare or replace the valve. Available replacement devices have short lifetimes, considering growth mismatch in children. We hypothesize that oversizing the right infundibulum anticipates growth and that a squeezed prosthesis can complete the expansion process.The No-React^® Injectable BioPulmonic Valve is designed for right infundibular surgery in adults, and hundreds of implants have shown promising results. We used this device for surgery in babies, with the addition of an innovative oversizing technique. This study evaluates our preliminary results and investigates whether such a technique might reduce growth mismatch.From September 2010 through July 2012, we implanted 11 injectable pulmonic valves. The median age of our patients was 23 months. After opening the right infundibulum, we enlarged it as much as possible with a wide patch. Before completing the patch suture, we injected an oversized valve.No problems occurred during surgery. No major insufficiency or leak was observed. We conclude that prostheses can be quite oversized and perform well even when not completely expanded.Oversized injectable pulmonic valves, shrunken to a smaller diameter, enabled the implantation of a device wider than otherwise possible, without affecting performance. Moreover, the prosthesis tended to return to its original size following growth, thereby reducing growth mismatch. Longer follow-up and larger numbers of patients are needed for verification.