益气活血化瘀方治疗高血压性脑基底节出血术后的临床研究

目的观察益气活血化瘀方治疗高血压性脑基底节出血术后的临床疗效。方法将60例高血压性脑基底节出血患者随机分为观察组28例与对照组32例,对照组予单纯手术治疗,观察组在手术基础上联合益气活血化瘀方治疗。观察两组患者在治疗前后格拉斯哥昏迷指数(GCS)评分、肌力、血肿体积、中医证候积分、住院时间,并评估疗效。结果经治疗后,两组患者GCS评分明显下降,血肿体积明显缩小,中医证候积分明显降低,术后瘫痪侧肌力均明显改善(均P<0.05),观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组中医证候总有效率为75.00%,明显高于对照组的59.38%(P<0.05);观察组的住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论益气活血化瘀方联合手术治疗可明显改善高血压性脑基底节出血患者的GCS评分、肌力,降低中医证候积分,缩小血肿体积,缩短住院时间,提高中医证候疗效。     

Photodynamic therapy in the management of a patient with Gorlin syndrome (naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Gorlin syndrome (naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) is a genetically linked disorder characterized by the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) throughout life. Cumulative surgery, cryotherapy and other conventional interventions can result in significant disfigurement by middle age. Radiotherapy is contra-indicated because the mutated gene underlying the syndrome, ‘PTCH’, increases sensitivity to ionising radiation, so there is significant likelihood of inducing further tumours in and around the irradiated area. Photodynamic therapy offers a non-invasive treatment option for patients with this condition, with the added advantage of causing minimal scarring.     

Fricke supraorbital flap for reconstruction of total lower eyelid defects

Summary Split or full thickness eyelid defects resulting from tumor destruction or surgical excision present a dilemma for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Full thickness eyelid replacement requires composite grafting of the skin, together with tarsal support of its substitute and mucosa. The flap described by Fricke in 1829 was used for reconstruction of anterior lamella in six lower eyelid defects. In three of our cases chondromucosal grafts taken from nasal septum were utilized for posterior lamella repair. The results have been satisfactory from a functional and cosmetic standpoint.     

Time-dependent effects of ovarian steroids on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the limbic forebrain of female rats

Summary In this work, we have studied the time-course of the effects of pharmacological administration of ovarian steroids on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the limbic forebrain of ovariectomized rats. Administration of estradiol produced a late decrease in TH activity. This effect was found 24 hours after the last steroid injection, disappearing at 32 hours. It was antagonized by progesterone, since a single injection of this steroid to estradiol-pretreated rats reversed to control values the estradiol-induced decrease. Nevertheless, the administration of progesterone after estradiol treatment caused a short-time decrease in the limbic activity of TH, which was observed 4 hours after the last steroid injection, disappearing subsequently. On the other hand, the administration of progesterone alone produced a biphasic effect, with a reduction at 24 hours, followed by an increase at 32 hours. These effects were only observed in the animals non-treated with estradiol, disappearing with a previous treatment with estrogens. Hence, it can be concluded that both ovarian steroids may affect the limbic TH activity. Thus, estradiol produced a late inhibitory effect on the activity of this enzyme, which was antagonized by progesterone. Administration of the last one to estradiol-treated rats produced a short-time inhibitory effect, whereas its administration to non-treated rats produced a late biphasic effect (inhibition followed by stimulation), which was not observed in estradiol-treated rats.     

Intense immunoreactivity for Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain

The immunohistochemical localization of manganese (Mn)-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was studied in the rat basal forebrain using polyclonal antibodies to Mn-SOD. Neurons of the basal forebrain exhibit a high density of Mn-SOD immunoreactivity. Double immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase demonstrated that both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are intensely immunoreactive for Mn-SOD.     

Galanin gene expression declines with adulthood in the cholinergic fields of the horizontal diagonal band of male rats

The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) influences leaming and memory processes, perhaps by inhibiting cholinergic function. We recently reported that, in the rat, the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) exhibits the highest level of GAL mRNA coexpression by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons and, in the HDB, virtually all GAL mRNA-expressing neurons correspond to the cholinergic cell type. Since GAL gene expression is induced across puberty in many brain regions, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative autoradiography to assess GAL gene expression across the rostro-caudal extent of the HDB in prepubertal and adult male rats and to determine whether GAL gene expression is also regulated during maturation in this BF region. Our results show that the number of GAL mRNA-expressing cells per section is significantly reduced in the HDB with adulthood. Post-hoc analysis indicated that these age-associated differences in the number of GAL mRNA-expressing cells per section could be ascribed to the rostral and central subregions of the HDB. Age-related differences in the labeling intensity of GAL mRNA-expressing neurons were also detected in the rostral and central subregions of the HDB. No age-associated differences in GAL gene expression were found in the caudal HDB subregion. These results suggest that: (1) in contrast to other brain regions, GAL gene expression in the cholinergic BF may be negatively regulated by factors concomitant with puberty; and (2) the inhibition of cholinergic function by cosecreted GAL may be enhanced prior to puberty within cholinergic neurons of the rostral and central aspects of the HDB.     

伽玛刀治疗颅底良性脑膜瘤临床研究

目的探讨伽玛刀放射外科治疗良性颅底脑膜瘤中长期疗效和不良反应。方法选取了1998-2003年治疗的获得完全随访资料的颅底脑膜瘤患者166例,全组患者肿瘤体积0.42- 43.4cm3,平均(7.2±3.9)cm3,给予周边剂量平均(12.4±2.6)Gy,中心剂量平均(27.9±5.9)Gy,其中12例患者采用肿瘤体积分割二阶段治疗。对治疗前后的影像学改变、KPS评分和神经功能缺损评估。结果平均随访期为(55.4±18.2)个月(36-96个月)。总体控制率为95.2%(158/166);KPS评分得到显著提高,神经症状总体满意率为94.5%(157/166),主要副作用是放射性脑水肿11例(6.6%),有5例(3%)患者出现新的神经缺损。结论伽玛刀放射外科可以作为有手术禁忌或拒绝手术治疗体积较小脑膜瘤患者的首选性治疗,也可以作为颅底较大脑膜瘤开颅术后的辅助性治疗,能够较长期控制肿瘤复发,提高或保持患者的生存质量。