经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的 观察后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 自1999年至今，共有16例脊髓型颈椎病患者经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗，对治疗结果进行临床及X线评定。结果 通过平均2年5个月的随访，所有病例都得到了改善，其中优6例、良8例、可2例，优良率为93．8％；术后椎管矢状径平均增加4．2mm，钛网无位置变化，并已被再生骨固定。结论 在进行后路减压的同时，钛网椎板成形及侧块内固定，尤其适用于有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病并椎管狭窄、后纵韧带骨化症的治疗。     

Evaluation of titanium release from titanium alloy implants in patients with spinal instrumentation

ObjectiveThis study was performed to investigate the baseline serum titanium levels in patients with short-segment titanium alloy posterior instrumentation and to assess patient-, implant-, and surgery-related factors that might affect the serum titanium level.MethodTwo groups of patients were included in the study. The study group comprised 39 patients who had undergone short-segment posterior instrumentation from January 2013 to June 2016. The control group comprised 11 randomly selected patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with no history of orthopedic surgery. The serum titanium levels and inter-group differences were analyzed.ResultsThe mean serum titanium level was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. No significant difference was observed between patients with different etiologies, implants used for fusion, numbers of instrumented segments, or postoperative durations.ConclusionThe serum titanium levels of patients with posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation are significantly higher than those of the normal population even after achievement of solid fusion. These levels are not affected by the use of transverse connectors, the use of cages, the operated segments, or the duration of implants.     

A Review of the Treatment of Pelvic Discontinuity

Pelvic discontinuity is a complex entity with a high surgical complication rate and no standardized treatment to date. Revision hip arthroplasty in cases of massive bone loss remains a difficult and unsolved problem. The goal of the surgeon is to preserve limb function by restoring bone stock and the biomechanics of the hip. In cases of severe acetabular bone loss, biologic fixation is often inadequate, requiring extensive bone grafting and reconstructive cages. Reconstructive cages are the most commonly used devices and are designed to bridge bone defects, protect the bone graft, and reestablish the rotation center of the hip. A major limitation of current cages is that they do not allow for biologic fixation. We review the options for treating patients with massive bone loss and pelvic discontinuity and discuss therapeutic options and the clinical and radiological criteria for success.     

Constrained Acetabular Liners Cemented Into Cages During Total Hip Revision Arthroplasty

The combination of acetabular bone loss and hip instability is challenging. Sixteen patients underwent revision total hip arthroplasty using constrained acetabular liners cemented into cages. The average follow-up was 28 months (range, 24-60 months). Clinical evaluation was obtained using the Harris hip score along with radiographic data. At latest follow-up, 13 patients were available for evaluation. Although the average postoperative Harris hip score was 62 points, which was better than the preoperative score of 27 points, the overall radiographic failure rate was 23%. The combination of poor acetabular bone stock and altered stresses from the increased constraint likely led to the poor outcome. We would only recommend use of a cemented, constrained acetabular liner in combination with a protrusio cage as a bail out or salvage procedure.     

Cementing acetabular sockets into metal-backed acetabular components and antiprotrusio cages: a technical tip

Cementing a polyethylene socket or acetabular liner into a well-fixed metal-backed acetabular shell has become a useful procedure in selected complex primary and revision hip arthroplasties. Polyethylene sockets are frequently cemented into antiprotrusio cages as well. Frequently, these metallic devices are fixed to host bone with acetabular screws. Unfortunately, when polyethylene sockets are cemented into such devices, the cement fills the recess within the screw head and makes subsequent screw removal extremely difficult should the device need to be removed or revised. The author describes a technique of filling the screw heads with bone wax and gel foam before cementation. This keeps the recess within the screw head relatively patent and allows easier removal of the screw in the future should it become necessary.     

后路内窥镜下B-Twin置入治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎失稳

目的:探讨B-Twin(可膨胀式椎体间置入融合器)在腰椎间盘突出症手术中的应用价值。方法:对5例腰椎间盘突出症患者行后路内窥镜下行腰椎间盘切除术,7个间隙置入B-Twin,术后进行3个月随访。结果:术后B-Twin在腰椎间隙植入融合良好,未发生松动和滑移现象,亦未见间隙变窄及融合器内陷,腰椎间盘突出引起的症状消失,神经功能恢复。结论:椎间盘镜下腰椎间盘切除后,B-Twin置入椎间隙达到即刻稳定腰椎,恢复椎间隙高度及腰椎生理弯曲,手术创伤小,B-Twin为可膨胀式椎间融合器无须钉棒系统辅助内固定,植骨量大,融合率高,可多间隙应用,本文认为它是目前手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎失稳较理想的方法。     

椎间植骨融合与加用B-Twin融合治疗下腰椎不稳

目的比较椎间单纯植骨融合与加用可膨胀式椎间融合器（B-Tw in）两种不同融合方法治疗下腰椎不稳的临床疗效。方法对按同一标准选择的36例下腰椎不稳的患者进行前瞻性研究,根据入院顺序随机分为两组。分析两组患者术后的临床疗效、植骨融合率、椎间隙高度及并发症等有无差异。应用SPSS 13.0统计软件对结果进行统计分析。结果两组病例临床疗效、植骨融合率无明显差异（P〉0.05）,但椎间隙高度有差别,椎间植骨融合组椎间隙高度丢失较多。结论自体骨与可膨胀式椎间融合器（B-Tw in）是治疗下腰椎不稳的良好融合材料。后路椎间单纯植骨融合（以下简称）治疗费用较低,无免疫排斥反应,但其术后椎间隙高度丢失较加用可膨胀式椎间融合器（以下简称B-Tw in融合）多;B-Tw in融合术后恢复较快,但治疗费用较高。     

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase: a candidate Helicobacter pylori vaccine

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most important etiological agent of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) and mannosylated AhpC (mAhpC) as candidate vaccines in the C57BL/6J mouse model of H. pylori infection. Recombinant AhpC was cloned, over-expressed and purified in an unmodified form and was also engineered to incorporate N and C-terminal mannose residues when expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Mice were immunized systemically and mucosally with AhpC and systemically with mAhpC prior to challenge with H. pylori. Serum IgG responses to AhpC were determined and quantitative culture was used to determine the efficacy of vaccination strategies. Systemic prophylactic immunization with AhpC/alum and mAhpC/alum conferred protection against infection in 55% and 77.3% of mice, respectively. Mucosal immunization with AhpC/cholera toxin did not protect against infection and elicited low levels of serum IgG in comparison with systemic immunization. These data support the use of AhpC as a potential vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection.     

Experimental infections by Bacteroides gingivalis in non-immunized and immunized rabbits

The interactions between Bacteroides gingivalis and systemic antibodies were studied in tissue cages implanted in the backs of New Zealand white rabbits. Infectivity was evaluated according to clinical signs and to leukocyte and bacterial counts in material aspirated from the tissue cages. Pre- and post-inoculation antibody levels to sonicated whole bacterial cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and agar immunodiffusion assays. Rabbits immunized against B. gingivalis and then challenged with pure cultures of B. gingivalis revealed complete elimination or markedly lower postinoculation bacterial counts and considerably weaker tissue reactions than non-immunized animals. B. gingivalis co-inoculated with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans caused significantly more severe infections than observed in monoinfected animals. The present results suggest that the immune system acting through systemic antibodies and/or cellular mechanisms may modulate the pathogenic potential of infecting periodontal pathogens.