颞颌关节不可复性盘前移位上腔造影与关节腔冲洗的临床应用

目的 通过TMJ上腔造影，结合关节腔冲洗、注药及术后下颌磨牙区牙合垫治疗不可复性盘前移位。方法 根据病史结合临床症状选取38例患者，其中单纯性不可复性盘前移位患者15例，合并滑膜炎表现23例。按常规进行关节上腔造影术后拍摄数字化TMJ开闭口断层片、开口度检查，部分患者使用生理盐水进行关节腔冲洗。冲洗后根据病情，关节腔内注入强地松龙或透明质酸钠，注药后再次测量开口度。结果 不可复关节盘移位开口度及髁突侧向运动度明显增加。合并滑膜炎者疼痛症状减轻。结论 TMJ关节上腔造影结合关节腔冲洗注药及He垫治疗，可明显增加开口度、髁突运动度。减轻关节疼痛。因此，是一种治疗早期不可复性盘前移位的有效方法。     

A comparative study of the anatomical,radiological and therapeutic features of the lumbar facet joints

Summary An anatomical study of the lumbar apophyseal joints was carried out to facilitate recognition of facet joint lesions, which we now examine routinely by percutaneous arthrography. Special attention was given to the configuration of the different compartments of the joint space and to its relationships with the contents of the intervertebral foramen. The abnormalities seen on lumbar facet joint arthrography are very varied; two major groups should be stressed: synovial fringe hypertrophy and pseudodiverticular synovial ectasia. The percutaneous approach to lumbar facet joint arthrography allows it to be used a therapeutic measure, with injection of anti-inflammatory drugs into the joint space, the beneficial effects of which were confirmed in our series. The precision, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of this outpatient technique justify and should encourage its more widespread application in the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain.     

Anatomical bases for the puncture and injection of the shoulder joint

Summary Basing our study on serial cuts and dissections, we have analysed the various techniques for puncture and injection in the region of the shoulder, the scapulohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, the subdeltoid bursa, the peri-articular muscles and tendons and the suprascapular nerve.

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Bases anatomiques des ponctions et injections de l'épaule

Résumé A partir de coupes sériées et de dissections les auteurs étudient les différentes techniques de ponctions et injections pratiquées au niveau de la région de l'épaule, articulations scapulo-humérale et acromio-claviculaire, bourse sous-deltoïdienne, tendons des muscles péri-articulaires et nerf sus-scapulaire.

     

Radiologic anatomy of the metacarpophalangeal joints II to V

Summary The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints II to V of 21 hands were examined radiologically and arthrographically. Different recesses of the joint cavity were demonstrated both radiologically and macroscopically, with a dominating dorsal recess. The existing forms of the dorsal recess were one-tailed, two-tailed, three-tailed, symmetric and caplike. Additionally, a palmar recess was found in the specimens examined, which presented as a small protrusion of the capsule and lay between the metacarpal head and the palmar plate. Furthermore, a distal recess was filled and unfolded in almost all the cases. Lateral recesses were found in the radial and ulnar directions beneath the collateral ligaments. The dorsal recess, due to its ability to collect fluid, is of clinical importance in pathologic processes causing effusions, while the clinical importance of the lateral recesses lie in their proximity to the stabilizing collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints. The above mentioned recesses were seen as normal formations of the MCP joints and should therefore be taken into account in pathologic processes in this area.

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Radioanatomie des articulations métacarpo-phalangiennes des 2ème au 5ème doigts

Résumé Les articulations métacarpophalangiennes (MCP) des 2ème au 5ème doigts de 21 mains ont été explorées en radiographie standard et en arthrographie. Plusieurs récessus articulaires, dont un récessus dorsal prédominant, ont été mis en évidence à la fois sur les radiographies et macroscopiquement. Les récessus dorsaux observés pouvaient comprendre une, deux ou trois cornes ou prendre un aspect de coiffe. Un récessus palmaire a été également trouvé sur 49 pièces sous la forme d'une petite expansion capsulaire entre la tête métacarpienne et la plaque palmaire. Un récessus distal était de plus rempli dans presque tous les cas. Des récessus latéraux étaient trouvés sur les bords radial et ulnaire, entre les ligaments latéraux. Les épanchements articulaires se collectent volontiers dans le récessus dorsal qui se manifeste cliniquement. Les récessus latéraux sont cliniquement intéressants par leur proximité avec les ligaments latéraux des MCP. Les récessus décrits sont des structures normales des MCP et ne doivent pas être pris pour des éléments pathologiques.

     

CT双重对比关节造影术在诊断复发性肩关节前脱位中的作用

目的：探讨CT双重对比关节造影术（CT double-contrast arthrography,CTA）在诊断复发性肩关节前脱位中的作用．评价其敏感性和准确性。方法：自1990年3月～2003年5月共治疗31例复发性肩关节前脱位患者．男23例．女8例；年龄22～46岁，平均26.7岁。术前均行CTA检查，并将检查结果与关节镜或开放手术所见进行比较。结果：盂唇和关节囊韧带复合体的损伤是复发性肩关节前脱位最常见的病理变化，手术发现31例中28例有关节盂唇病变，CTA发现26例(敏感度为92.8％，准确率为93.5％)，表现为孟唇撕裂、分离和退变；术中发现20例有关节囊病变，CTA发现19例(敏感度为95％．准确率为87．1％)，表现为关节囊肩盂起点的内移、剥脱，肩胛骨边缘的软组织撕裂或消失；7例(4例经手术证实)肩胛下肌及其肌腱的异常，表现为撕裂、变薄及不规则；15例Hill-Sachs缺损，全部与手术所见一致。CTA的总诊断准确率为83.8％。结论：CTA可全面准确地显示出复发性肩关节前脱位的病理改变，从而指导治疗方案的选择。     

Primary synovial osteochondromatosis presenting as constrictive capsulitis

Primary synovial chondromatosis of the joints can present as capsular constriction with peri-articular osteopenia. This rare presentation is highlighted in three cases (two hips and one shoulder). The diagnosis in all the patients was made on arthrography and/or MRI/CT and was confirmed histologically. Synovial chondromatosis should be considered in patients with this presentation. Arthrography is the best imaging modality to confirm the cause (synovial chondromatosis) and effect (constrictive capsulitis).     

Significance of preoperative position of the femoral head in failed closed reduction in developmental dislocation of the hip: surgical results

Long-term follow-up results of open reduction for developmental dislocation of 83 hips via the extensive anterolateral approach were retrospectively analyzed. Open reduction was performed in infancy, and the follow-up period ranged from 12 to 24 years. This procedure is a complete circumferential dissection of the joint capsule and produces sufficient concentric reduction of the femoral head in the acetabulum immediately after the surgery. A lateral arthrographic classification of interposed limbus and the preoperative position of the unreduced femoral head is introduced, and is related to operative findings and surgical results, including Severins classification. The results at the final follow-up were: Severins group I in 35 hips, group II in 19 hips, group III in 10 hips, and group IV in four hips. According to the classification of the preoperative position of the femoral head, there were 31 hips of the intracapsular type and 37 hips of the extracapsular type. Thirty-four of the 37 hips of the extracapsular type were classified in Severins group I or II (92%). Twenty of the 31 hips of the intracapsular type were classified in Severins group I or II (65%). A very significantly greater number of hips with good radiological outcome were in the extracapsular type than in the intracapsular type.     

Lymphatic opacification in the prosthetic hip

A retrospective analysis of 52 patients with hip pain following total hip replacement was made. Each of them was evaluated by plain radiographs, technetium 99m pyrophosphate scans, arthrography with plain film subtraction technique, and culture of joint fluid. In 30 cases there was evidence of prosthetic loosening, and in 21 of these lymphangeal opacification during arthrography was seen. In 15 cases with lymphongeal opacification the diagnosis of prosthetic loosening was subsequently confirmed by prosthetic revision. In none of the 22 cases in which no evidence of prosthetic loosening was seen was there lymphatic opacification. It is concluded that lymphatic opacification during arthrography for pain following total hip prosthesis is a valuable ancillary sign of loosening.     

The role of arthrography in the management of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica can be diagnesed on plain radiographs of the affected areas. However, double contrast arthrography in three new cases provided additional information. The cartilaginous portions of the lesion at the articular surface of the bone were precisely demonstrated, aiding the orthopedic surgeon in deciding which patients should have surgery and planning the extent of operation necessary.