良性占位性病变误诊为肾癌的原因分析

目的　提高肾脏良恶性占位的诊断水平 ,降低误诊率。　方法　肾占位性病变患者 12例 ,年龄 35～ 6 9岁 ,平均 5 2岁。腰部胀痛不适 9例 ,其中 2例伴全程血尿 ;体检超声偶然发现肾脏占位 3例。术前均行超声、CT等影像学检查诊断为肾癌。　结果　 12例患者均手术治疗。术中行冰冻病理检查 7例 ,提示为肾脏良性占位 ,行肿块剜除或单纯肾切除术 ;按肾癌行根治术 5例 ,术后病理均为肾脏良性病变。随访 1～ 3年 ,无复发。　结论　临床医师不应过高评价CT及超声等影像检查的诊断学意义 ,对无法确诊病例可行手术探查 ,术中行冰冻病理检查提高确诊率。多数误诊的良性肾占位与肾癌的影像学表现不同。     

肾周脂肪肉瘤与肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI鉴别诊断价值

目的评价CT和MRI对肾周脂肪肉瘤与肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML)的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实的肾周脂肪肉瘤18例和肾脏巨大AML(直径>8cm)14例患者资料。32例均行CT检查,10例同时行MRI检查,分析脂肪肉瘤和AML的影像学特点。结果AML有14例显示肾实质缺损、11例发现瘤内扩张血管、5例肿瘤出血及3例伴有更小AML;而脂肪肉瘤无肾实质缺损、出血及不伴有更小AML征象,仅1例发现瘤内血管。肾实质缺损、瘤内扩张血管及肿瘤出血对鉴别两者差异有统计学意义。结论肾实质缺损、瘤内血管和出血是肾周脂肪肉瘤与肾脏巨大AML鉴别的重要影像学征象。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断与外科治疗：附19例报告

背景与目的 肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（HAML）是肝脏少见的一种间叶组织来源的良性肿瘤,影像学检查缺乏特异性,术前诊断率低,容易误诊为肝细胞癌或其他肝良性肿瘤,本文报告19例HAML患者的诊治过程,以期为临床提供参考和借鉴。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月—2019年12月收治的19例HAML患者临床资料,其中女12例,男7例;年龄28~61岁;体检发现无临床症状者14例,表现为上腹部隐痛者3例,间断腹胀者1例,腹痛伴腹泻者1例;1例合并慢性乙型病毒性肝炎及肺脓肿,1例合并乙型肝炎肝硬化代偿期。19例均不伴肾肺等其他脏器血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,均无结节性硬化症。肿瘤直径1.3~12 cm,平均直径（4.6±2.2）cm。AFP、CA19-9、CEA均正常。7例患者术前诊断肝细胞癌（36.8%）,12例术前诊断肝良性肿瘤（63.2%）,分别为7例诊断肝腺瘤,2例诊断炎性假瘤,1例诊断肝海绵状血管瘤,1例诊断肝局灶性结节性增生,1例术前行超声引导下肝脏穿刺活检病理证实HAML。结果 患者均行外科手术治疗,18例行肝切除治疗,1例行超声引导下肝肿瘤穿刺活检术、经皮穿刺肝肿瘤射频消融术。平均手术时间（172.7±80.4）min,术中平均出血量为（456.6±528.1）mL,平均术后住院时间（9.8±2.7）d。19例患者病理检查均证实HAML,其中7例为上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,免疫组化检查HMB-45、SMA均阳性表达。患者术后恢复良好,所有患者无肝衰竭、腹腔出血、胆汁漏等并发症发生,无死亡病例。全部病例均获随访,均未发现肿瘤复发及转移。术后患者有良好的生活质量。结论 HAML瘤属于良性肿瘤,术前诊断比较困难,一部分患者容易误诊为肝细胞癌,最终诊断依靠病理及免疫组织化学染色,外科手术切除是安全、有效的治疗选择,预后良好。     

Is there still a place for angiography in the management of renal mass lesions?

In recent years, the development of noninvasive imaging modalities for exploration of the kidney has markedly reduced the use of angiography in the evaluation of renal masses. Presently, it is not required in routine practice to evaluate renal masses. Ultrasound is the most efficient procedure in detecting renal tumor. It is acknowledged that arteriography has a limited diagnostic and staging value compared with CT and MRI for the assessment of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Most urologists recommend partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation in an effort to preserve as much as possible functioning renal tissue. In such cases a preoperative map of the renal vasculature is not needed. Information on the main renal artery(ies) and segmental renal arteries can be provided with spiral CT or dynamic MR angiography. Arteriography remains useful in exceptional situations. Interventional arteriography is becoming an important part. It is indicated by means of selective embolization for the treatment of potentially bleeding tumor (i. e. angiomyolipoma) or in emergency in cases of acute hemorrhage. Less frequently, it may be proposed as a palliative procedure for inoperable patients with huge renal tumor. Two other indications of interventional arteriography are acknowledged. Some urologists request preoperative embolization of the tumor-harboring kidney to decrease/avoid extensive blood loss during surgery and/or to facilitate surgery with huge renal tumors when the renal vessels are difficult to reach. The complications of nephron-sparing surgery (partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation) related to bleeding or arteriovenous fistulas may be cured by arterial embolization. Received: 18 May 1998; Revision received: 3 August 1998; Accepted: 6 August 1998     

Giant angiomyolipoma associated with marked pulmonary lesions suggesting lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a patient with tuberous sclerosis

The association between Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) and Angiomyolipoma (AML) is well known. A patient with TS and giant AML mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), measuring 29 × 18 × 11 cm, weighing 4700 gr is presented. Imaging studies revealed coexistent pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and concurrent renal and pulmonary involvement is extremely rare in patients in TS. We believe that the growth potential of this hamartomatous lesion may reach to a life threatening size. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Angiomyolipoma arising in the thigh

A 41-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic mass in the right medial thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-demarcated, 10-cm mass in the right adductor muscles. The margins of the mass exhibited high signal intensity and the rest showed low or iso signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images. However, the high signal intensity was decreased on T2-weighted images with fat suppression. The central part of the tumor was of inhomogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images; after Gd-DTPA injection it enhanced inhomogeneously on T1-weighted images with fat suppression. On dynamic computed tomography (CT) in the arterial phase, there were strongly enhancing spotty areas in the tumor. At surgery, a yellow-whitish tumor was resected and a pathological diagnosis of angiomyolipoma (AML) in the thigh was made. Received: 21 June 1999 Revision requested: 28 July 1999 Revision received: 13 December 1999 Accepted: 15 December 1999     

保留肾单位手术治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的疗效观察

1．下列哪一项不是根治性胃癌手术时为保存消化器官的功能而至少应该保留的神经： A．迷走神经的肝支、腹腔支 B．迷走神经的胃前支 C．肝神经丛 D．腹腔神经丛     

Differential diagnosis of epithelioid and clear cell tumors in the liver

A tumor composed of large eosinophilic cells in the liver raises concern for hepatocellular carcinoma, which is typically composed of such cells. However, there are other tumors, both primary and metastatic, that may be composed predominantly of large epithelioid cells. Distinction of these tumors from hepatocellular carcinoma and from each other is of obvious importance for patient management. Similarly, a clear cell tumor anywhere in the body triggers suspicion for renal cell carcinoma. However, other tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma can rarely be composed entirely of cell cells and the distinction of these from one another, and of primary from metastatic disease is vital. As with the latter, accurate diagnosis is essential for patient management. Using illustrative examples, this article discusses differential diagnosis of liver tumors comprised predominantly of epithelioid cells or clear cells.