OCT及OCTA在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性且不可逆转的神经系统疾病,由于视网膜和中枢神经系统有相似的胚胎起源和生理特征,眼科检查可提供简单无创的诊断方法。光学相干断层扫描技术(OCT)能够精确地测量视网膜各个组织层面的厚度,以评估视网膜的退行性改变,光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)可以提供高分辨率三维成像,从而更直观地检测视网膜血管的变化,间接地反映脑神经元和血管的病理特征。就OCT测量视网膜厚度及OCTA测量视网膜血流变化在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的研究进展进行综述。     

Updated Trends,Disparities, and Clinical Impact of Neuroimaging Utilization in Ischemic Stroke in the Medicare Population: 2012 to 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to update trends, investigate sociodemographic disparities, and evaluate the impact on mortality of stroke neuroimaging across the United States from 2012 to 2019.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using CMS Medicare 5% Research Identifiable Files, representing consecutive ischemic stroke emergency department or hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years. A total of 85,547 stroke episodes with demographic and clinical information were analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and logistic regression. Outcome measures were neuroimaging (CT angiography [CTA], CT perfusion [CTP], MRI, MR angiography [MRA]) utilization, acute treatment (endovascular thrombectomy [EVT] and intravenous thrombolysis [IVT]), and mortality while in the hospital and at 30 days and 1 year post discharge.ResultsSignificantly increasing utilization trends for CTA (250%), CTP (428%) and MRI (18%), and a decreasing trend for MRA (?33%) were observed from 2012 to 2019 (P < .0001). Controlling for covariates in the logistic regression models, CTA and CTP were significantly associated with higher EVT and IVT utilization. Although CTA, MRI, and MRA were associated with lower mortality, CTP was associated with higher mortality post discharge. Less neuroimaging was performed in rural patients; older patients (≥80 years) had lower utilization of CTA, MRI, and MRA; female patients had lower rates of CTA; and Black patients had lower utilization of CTA and CTP.ConclusionsCTA and CTP utilization increased in the Medicare ischemic stroke population from 2012 to 2019 and both were associated with greater EVT and IVT use. However, disparities exist in neuroimaging utilization across all demographic groups, and further understanding of the root causes of these disparities will be crucial to achieving equity in stroke care.     

A cross-sectional study on coronary artery disease diagnosis in patients with peripheral artery disease

PurposeCompared with healthy individuals, patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) generally have a very high risk of subclinical Coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular events. To determine the correlation between CAD in PAD patients, thereby promoting the lifetime of PAD patients and reducing the serious impacts of CAD.MethodsThis clinical-based cross-sectional study comprised 100 consecutive patients in India from 2014 to 2016. In this research, PAD patients were screened for CAD by treadmill stress test and cardiac colour Doppler examination. In addition, this study performed coronary angiography followed by peripheral angiography for patients who could not perform the treadmill test.ResultsWith the statistical results, the study observed a high prevalence of CAD in PAD patients that can be detected only with angiography. Further, 30.93% of asymptomatic CAD prevalence was observed in PAD patients. The study strengthens the need for coronary angiography in all symptomatic lower limb PAD cases to detect early CAD, particularly in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia.ConclusionThere exists a strong correlation between PAD and CAD. Hence, precise diagnosis followed by supervision of PAD patients is significant for avoiding local progression of cardiovascular risk.     

Role of OCT Angiography in the Detection of Retinal Vascular and Macular Abnormalities in Subjects with Asteroid Hyalosis

Purpose: To study the role of Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Angiography (OCTA) in detecting retinal vascular and macular abnormalities as compared to Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) in subjects with Asteroid hyalosis (AH).

Methods: In a prospective study, patients with AH underwent OCTA and FFA. AH graded as Grade 1 in 8 (optic disc, second order vessels visible), Grade 2 in 4 (optic disc, first-order vessels visible), Grade 3 in 11 (hazy view of optic disc) and Grade 4 (no view of fundus) in 2 eyes.

Results: A total of 20 patients (25 eyes) with AH were included. In comparison to FFA, OCTA was able to similarly detect Diabetic Retinopathy changes such as Neovascularization, microaneurysms, capillary dropout, and foveal avascular zone extent in vascular occlusion in all grades of AH.

Conclusion: OCTA, a noninvasive imaging tool, could detect various retinal vascular and macular abnormalities in patients with all grades of AH in comparison to FFA.     

低剂量容积CT灌注成像CTA对宫颈癌供血血管的显示效果分析

目的探讨基于盆腔容积CT灌注成像的CTA图像对宫颈癌供血血管的显示价值。方法选取我院86例宫颈癌患者随机分为A、B两组,每组43例。A组行盆腔容积CT灌注扫描,获得髂外动脉的时间密度曲线(TDC),确定髂外动脉达峰时间(TTP),以TTP时相原始图像重建三维CTA图像。B组行数字减影血管造影术(Digital subtraction angiography,DSA)获得血管图像。以DSA图像为金标准,分析低剂量容积CT灌注成像的CTA对宫颈癌供血血管的显示效果。采用Kappa检验,评估两名影像医师分析双侧子宫动脉主干的起源及连续性显示的一致性,同时将卡方检验用于评估两者判定子宫动脉下行分支显示率的差异。结果两名医师对A、B组图像的评分一致性良好(A组Kappa=0.899,P<0.001,B组Kappa=0.782,P<0.001);A、B两组对双侧子宫动脉主干血管的显示情况无统计学差异(甲医师χ^2=0.213,P>0.05;乙医师χ^2=0.343,P>0.05);甲医师对A组B组子宫动脉下行支的显影率分别为97.7%(42/43)和100%(43/43),乙医师对A组B组子宫动脉下行支的显影率分别为95.3%(41/43)和97.7%(42/43)。两名医师对A、B组子宫动脉下行支显影率的评价一致性良好,(A组Kappa=0.656,P<0.001;B组Kappa=0.306,P<0.001);两名医师判定的CTA图像及DSA图像对子宫动脉下行支显影率无统计学差异(甲医师χ^2=1.01,P>0.05;乙医师χ^2=0.345,P>0.05)。结论以DSA图像为标准,基于容积CT灌注成像的CTA可良好地显示宫颈癌供血血管,对双侧子宫动脉主干的起源及连续性和对子宫动脉下行支的显示具有很好稳定性。     

MR 3D-ASL联合MRA诊断TIA的价值分析

目的探讨磁共振三维动脉自旋标记(MR 3D-ASL)技术联合磁共振血管成像(MRA)诊断短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的价值。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月于我院确诊的72例TIA患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受MRA和MR 3D-ASL检查,观察MRA图像中血管形态和MR 3D-ASL图像中灌注异常情况,检测异常区和对侧镜像区相对脑血流量(rCBF)值,比较两者联合检查和单一检查诊断TIA的准确性。结果MRA与3D-ASL诊断TIA的准确率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.120,P>0.05),两者联合检查准确率明显高于MRA、3D-ASL单一检查(χ^2=5.763、4.255,P<0.05);3D-ASL定量分析显示,灌注异常区ROI的rCBF为(26.41±8.06)m L/(100 g˙min),明显低于对侧镜像区域[(37.59±10.25)mL/(100g˙min)],差异有统计学意义(t=7.275,P<0.05)。结论MR3D-ASL和MRA可分别显示灌注异常和血管异常,对TIA均有一定的诊断价值,且MR 3D-ASL能定量分析TIA患者脑组织血液灌注程度,两者联合应用可明显提高TIA的诊断准确率。     

探究128层CT血管造影心肌桥-壁冠状动脉图像特征及与冠脉动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨128层CT血管造影心肌桥-壁冠状动脉(MB-MCA)图像特征及与冠脉动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法收集2018年1月至12月于我院进行冠状动脉成像检查的126例患者临床及影像学资料,总结所有患者MB-MCA检出率情况及与冠状动脉硬化的相关性。结果126例患者MB-MCA检出率为65.08%,其中LAD中段检出率最高,浅表型最为多见;CT检出位于MB-MCA近侧动脉硬化斑块发生率最高(63.41%,P<0.05),检出MB-MCA患者斑块检出率为(52.22%)与未检出MB-MCA患者斑块检出率(45.45%)比较无差异(P>0.05);且CT检出MB-MCA患者累及段数和斑块的狭窄程度与未检出MB-MCA患者相比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),但检出MB-MCA患者的斑块主要分布于动脉近段,而未检出MB-MCA患者的斑块主要位于中段和远段(P<0.05)。结论128层CT血管造影可较好地检出MB-MCA,且主要好发于LAD,以浅表型更为多见。但MB-MCA的形成与冠状动脉硬化无直接联系,当MB出现收缩和功能血流减少的时候可能会导致冠状动脉硬化的形成。