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1.
《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2022,32(8):1982-1989
Background and aimsObesity and overweight in children are associated with an increased risk of several health issues. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-disciplinary program (including nutrition education using a smartphone game, physical activity, and cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) on the management of obesity and overweight in elementary school girls.Methods and resultsSixty-two school girls above the 85th percentile of body mass index (BMI) for age were randomly assigned to two groups. During 10 weeks of study, the intervention group received a multi-disciplinary intervention, including nutrition education using a smartphone game, aerobic exercise, and CBT. The control group received usual traditional nutritional education. Biochemical and metabolic factors were assessed, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, serum leptin, and anthropometric measurements. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and metabolic equivalent test (MET) were also conducted. The intervention group showed more promising results in weight loss, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and FBS compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, MET and DEBQ scores in all three sections of emotions, stimuli, and restriction were better in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups regarding the results of serum leptin and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicated that education through smartphone games could possibly affect performance in real life. In addition, the multi-disciplinary approach to childhood obesity might have better performance in most areas than the single-intervention approach in obesity management. 相似文献
2.
背景近年来青少年失眠症患者逐年增多,认知行为疗法是治疗该病的传统方法,但存在一定缺陷。虚拟现实技术是一种新的治疗方式,但将其用于青年失眠症的研究目前较为缺乏。目的探究认知行为疗法联合虚拟现实技术(联合疗法)治疗青少年失眠症患者的效果。方法选取2020年4月至2021年6月在杭州市第七人民医院接受治疗的青少年失眠症患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(单用认知行为疗法)和试验组(采用联合疗法),在两组治疗前与治疗4周后分别采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)进行评价,以分析不同疗法的临床疗效。结果初步纳入青少年失眠症患者77例,删除脱落15例(对照组12例,试验组3例),最终纳入62例,其中对照组32例,试验组30例。治疗4周后两组患者的睡眠障碍得分、催眠药物得分、日间功能障碍得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组患者的睡眠质量得分、入睡时间得分、睡眠时间得分、睡眠效率得分、PSQI总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的治疗满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的脱落率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论联合疗法对青少年失眠症患者的治疗效果较好,患者满意度较高,可有效改善患者睡眠质量,具有较好的临床应用价值。 相似文献
3.
【摘要】 目的:比较青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)顶椎区相同椎弓根类型在导航及导航校准技术辅助下置钉的精确性及偏出方向,并分析影响导航置钉偏移的相关因素及导航校准技术的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析自2017年10月~2020年10月,在我院明确诊断为AIS并在导航辅助下行经后路脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术治疗的41例患者,依据术中是否使用导航校准技术,将41例患者分为两组:导航组(n=22)和校准组(n=19)。收集两组患者基本信息,记录两组患者Risser征,术前、术后Cobb角,术后1年时矫形率,根据付长峰椎弓根分型系统对两组患者顶椎区椎弓根分型(A、B、C、D、E型),依据Rao分型评估两组相同椎弓根类型的置钉精确性。结果:校准组A、B、C型椎弓根优良置钉率(96.4%、87.8%、84.0%)显著高于导航组(79.2%、70.5%、56.7%),且凹凸双侧0级钉率显著高于导航组,同时校准组B型椎弓根及其凹凸双侧3级钉率(4.1%、2.0%、6.3%)及C型椎弓根凸侧2级钉置钉率(11.1%)显著低于导航组(12.4%、11.1%、13.7%、50.0%),两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,校准组A、B、C型椎弓根外侧皮质破壁率(33.3%、33.3%、60.0%)显著低于导航组(64.0%、38.6%、73.1%),同时校准组A型椎弓根椎体前壁穿破率(0.0%)及C型椎弓根凹侧外侧皮质破壁率(66.7%)显著低于导航组(24.0%、77.8%),而B型椎弓根内侧皮质穿破率(41.7%)高于导航组(40.9%),但其凹侧内侧皮质穿破率(36.4%)显著低于导航组(33.3%),两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间均未发生脊髓、神经血管损伤等严重并发症。结论:与传统导航相比,导航校准技术在术中能够有效地预防导航偏移,显著提高AIS顶椎区A、B、C型椎弓根置钉精确性,降低误置螺钉外侧壁穿孔率及B型椎弓根凹侧内侧壁穿孔率,提高手术的安全性。 相似文献
4.
《Health & place》2022
Youth cannabis use is influenced by overlapping environmental contexts. We examined the associations between proximity to cannabis retailers and seeing cannabis advertisements and cannabis use behaviors in Oregon, a state with adult cannabis legalization. We used 2017 anonymous survey data from 24,154 Oregon 8th and 11th grade students. After adjustments for student and school district characteristics, advertising for 8th graders and presence of a retailer within a mile from school for 11th graders were associated with cannabis use and perceived harm. Additional policy efforts may further reduce youth exposure to cannabis. 相似文献
5.
目的 调查上海市青少年精神障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)现状,并探讨其相关影响因素。方法 以上海市精神卫生中心于2019年6月至2021年12月收治的青少年精神障碍患者为研究对象,参照《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》评定研究对象过去2年内非自杀性自伤行为发生情况,并采用自制调查问卷收集调查对象基本情况,采用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)对冲动状况进行评估,采用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)评估应激性生活事件发生的频率和强度。采用描述性分析方法对青少年精神障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为发生情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对非自杀性自伤行为发生的影响因素进行分析。结果 1 683例青少年精神障碍患者中657例出现NSSI,发生率为39.03%。其中男262例,女395例,年龄13~20岁,平均年龄(14.63±; 3.09)岁,病程1~4年,平均病程(2.87±; 1.21)年; 268例为偶发NSSI,389例反复出现NSSI。下臂及腕部、手是发生NSSI患者的主要自伤部位(分别为40.03%、33.03%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示抑郁程度越严重(OR=2.255)、遭受校园暴力(OR=2.289)、母亲教育程度为大专及以上(OR=2.428)、抑郁障碍(OR=1.855)、双向障碍(OR=2.212)、冲动总分偏高(OR=1.401)、人际关系得分高(OR=1.398)和学习压力得分高(OR=2.098)等均是导致青少年精神障碍患者发生NSSI的危险因素。结论 NSSI在青少年精神障碍患者中的发生率较高,重度抑郁、遭受校园暴力、母亲教育程度高、抑郁障碍、双向障碍、冲动总分偏高、人际关系差和学习压力大等的患者更易出现NSSI,应提高具有以上特征患者的关注度,并及时制定相应的干预策略,尽可能避免NSSI的发生。 相似文献
6.
《Obesity research & clinical practice》2022,16(2):138-143
BackgroundOverweight and obesity have been observed in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This further increases their future risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) as well as the development of other risk factors, such as dyslipidemia.AimsTo compare lipid profiles in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and lean mass (T1L), Type 1 diabetes and overweight or obese (T1OW/OB), and type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 669 patients with T1D or T2D aged 2–19 years using retrospective data collected from 2003 to 2014. Included patients were categorized into lean (BMI < 85th ile and overweight or Obese (BMI ≥ 85th ile). Patients were subcategorized into three age groups: < 10 years, 10–14 years, and 15–19 years.Results7.6% of patients had T2D. Of the patients with T1D, 58.9% were lean, 26.4% were overweight, and 14.7% were obese. Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Non-HDL-C levels were similar across groups. In the 15–19 years group, Triglycerides (TG) levels were significantly higher in T1OW/OB and similar to T2D. High-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in T2D. Weight status significantly correlated with TG and HDL-C levels in T1D and T2D groups.ConclusionsT1OW/OB constitutes a significant proportion of the T1D population. Patients with obesity and T1D, especially if in their late adolescence, have an adverse lipid profile pattern that is comparable to adolescents with T2D. Based on these findings, risk for future CVD in T1OW/OB and T2D may be equivalent. 相似文献
7.
目的 超声评估青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者脊柱两侧椎旁肌的对称性和形态学特征,为AIS运动治疗提供线索和依据。 方法 收集23例AIS患者(患者组)与23例无脊柱侧凸的青少年(对照组),应用超声对两组受试者在休息位(腰背部肌肉取俯卧位、腹部肌肉取仰卧位)、站立位下测量椎旁肌(T12~L5水平竖脊肌、T12~S1水平多裂肌、腰方肌和腹横肌)厚度,计算肌肉厚度变化率。 结果 休息和站立位时,AIS患者主弯曲线T12~L4水平竖脊肌、T12~S1水平多裂肌、腰方肌和腹横肌(仅休息位)凸侧厚度均小于凹侧(P<0.05);休息和站立位时,AIS患者凸侧竖脊肌、多裂肌、腰方肌和腹横肌(仅休息位)厚度均小于对照组(P<0.05);AIS患者凹凸两侧的竖脊肌收缩厚度变化率均小于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 休息和站立位时,AIS患者主弯曲线多个椎体节段椎旁肌对称性不良,较对照组凸侧椎旁肌厚度薄。 相似文献
8.
《Patient education and counseling》2022,105(4):974-981
ObjectivesCancer can have long-term biopsychological impacts for young people that persist for years. To promote adjustment, it is essential to understand how young people cope, yet this is relatively understudied.MethodsThis study explored the coping strategies using semi-structured interviews with 16 young people with cancer aged 15–24 years. Eligible participants were diagnosed within the previous 24 months and recruited through Australian Youth Cancer Services. Transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis.ResultsCoping strategies included: seeking support; controlling the focus; avoiding negatives and staying positive; meaning making and; changes with time. During treatment, seeking support, focussing on the present, distraction and avoidance were commonly applied. Following treatment, planning for the future, avoidance of re-traumatising situations and meaning making were used.ConclusionFindings support the concept of coping as a dynamic process where different strategies are used depending on the stressor, available resources and previous experiences.Practice ImplicationsComprehensive, developmentally appropriate psychosocial assessments, open communication, education and information provision, as well as appropriate referral for support are essential, particularly for young cancer survivors identified at risk. 相似文献
9.
《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2022,70(6):327-335
ObjectiveThe sexual exploitation of minors is a multifaced phenomenon with deleterious consequences on the mental health of the children and adolescents who are victims. The traumatic dimension infiltrates this problem, both concerning the antecedents and the situations of sexual exploitation themselves and their psychological sequelae. This article aims to gather and discuss the current literature about the trauma in the sexual exploitation of minors.MethodA keyword and date (between 2010 and 2020) search was made on the search engine Summon 2.0 for articles on commercial sexual exploitation of children and trauma.ResultsTwenty-one articles were studied according to three lines of research, namely: (1) profiles of sexually exploited minors; (2) the traumatic consequences of sexual exploitation; (3) cares and treatments: from identification to therapy.DiscussionThese studies have some limitations. Validity, recruitment and representativeness biases, inherent in this specific population, are discussed. Recommendations for further research and practice were made.ConclusionThis narrative literature review highlights the difficulty of studying this population and insists on the need to carry out further national research with the aim to improve the understanding of commercial sexual exploitation of children in France and to experiment trauma-informed support and care devices, particularly those designed for the needs of these young people in great difficulty. 相似文献
10.