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排序方式: 共有2363条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Rebecca Carman Lesley Andrew Amanda Devine Jacques Oosthuizen 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2019,43(6):563-569
Objective: To identify behavioural barriers of service provision within general practice that may be impacting the vaccination coverage rates of Aboriginal children in Perth, Western Australia (WA). Methods: A purposive developed survey was distributed to 316 general practices across Perth and three key informant interviews were conducted using a mixed‐methods approach. Results: Of the surveyed participants (n=101), 67.4% were unaware of the low vaccination coverage in Aboriginal children; 64.8% had not received cultural sensitivity training in their workplace and 46.8% reported having inadequate time to follow up overdue child vaccinations. Opportunistic vaccination was not routinely performed by 30.8% of participants. Key themes identified in the interviews were awareness, inclusion and cultural safety. Conclusion: Inadequate awareness of the current rates, in association with a lack of cultural safety training, follow‐up and opportunistic practice, may be preventing greater vaccination uptake in Aboriginal children in Perth. Cultural safety is a critical component of the acceptability and accessibility of services; lack of awareness may restrict the development of strategies designed to equitably address low coverage. Implications: The findings of this study provide an opportunity to raise awareness among clinicians in general practice and inform future strategies to equitably deliver targeted vaccination services to Aboriginal children. 相似文献
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《Clinical neurophysiology》2021,132(7):1622-1635
ObjectiveTo assess whether ictal electric source imaging (ESI) on low-density scalp EEG can approximate the seizure onset zone (SOZ) location and predict surgical outcome in children with refractory epilepsy undergoing surgery.MethodsWe examined 35 children with refractory epilepsy. We dichotomized surgical outcome into seizure- and non-seizure-free. We identified ictal onsets recorded with scalp and intracranial EEG and localized them using equivalent current dipoles and standardized low-resolution magnetic tomography (sLORETA). We estimated the localization accuracy of scalp EEG as distance of scalp dipoles from intracranial dipoles. We also calculated the distances of scalp dipoles from resection, as well as their resection percentage and compared between seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients. We built receiver operating characteristic curves to test whether resection percentage predicted outcome.ResultsResection distance was lower in seizure-free patients for both dipoles (p = 0.006) and sLORETA (p = 0.04). Resection percentage predicted outcome with a sensitivity of 57.1% (95% CI, 34–78.2%), a specificity of 85.7% (95% CI, 57.2–98.2%) and an accuracy of 68.6% (95% CI, 50.7–83.5%) (p = 0.01).ConclusionIctal ESI performed on low-density scalp EEG can delineate the SOZ and predict outcome.SignificanceSuch an application may increase the number of children who are referred for epilepsy surgery and improve their outcome. 相似文献
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Paolo Schiavi Francesco Pogliacomi Massimiliano Colombo Andrea Amarossi Francesco Ceccarelli Enrico Vaienti 《Injury》2019,50(2):420-423
Introduction
Femoral neck fractures are the most frequent fractures in the elderly and hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice. The objective of this multicenter study is to identify predictive factors of acetabular erosion after bipolar hemiarthroplasty (surgery between 1997 and 2007) in a mobile independent population during a follow-up of ten years.Materials and methods
Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were: age >60 and <85 years, BMI?<?35, normal Abbreviated MiniMental Test score, ability to walk 0.8?km and live independently, non-pathological fracture, hip with no or minimal osteoarthritic changes, and availability of clinical and radiological follow-up. For each Patient were recorded: demographic data, comorbidities, time from fracture to surgery, characteristics of the implant, duration of surgery. Patients included underwent clinical and radiological follow-up.Results
Overall, 209 Patients met inclusion criteria. A press-fit implant was performed in 172 subjects; in contrast a cemented prosthesis was implanted in 37 patients. Nineteen patients underwent implant revision to total hip arthroplasty for acetabular erosion and pain. Classification of X-ray using Baker criteria showed a grade 0 in 54.5%, a grade 1 in 19.6%, a grade 2 in 18.1% and a grade 3 in 7.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the size of the femoral head (FH) was the only predictive factor of a higher risk of acetabular erosion. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve verified the risk of implant revision in Group 1 (FH sized >48?mm) and Group 2 (FH sized <48?mm). The probability of implant revision for acetabular erosion at ten years from surgery were 5.5% in Group 1 and 15.6% in Group 2.Conclusion
In bipolar hemiarthroplasty smaller head size lead to a polar wear implying a higher risk of acetabular erosion and migration; in our population this risk was consistent with the use of implant head <48?mm diameter. Considering the absolute risk of a smaller FH size, the surgeon must evaluate the accuracy of measurement of the caliber, since the size can be significantly underestimated. 相似文献6.
《Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma》2021,12(6):976-982
ObjectiveMultiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17−97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWeighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%.ConclusionsAcute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients. 相似文献
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目的:探讨3D打印技术联合组合式接骨板内固定在治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折中的应用价值及临床疗效。方法:自2010年5月至2016年10月,采用Mimics19.0软件,按1∶1打印骨盆3D模型进行术前规划,同时应用组合式接骨板内固定治疗23例陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折患者,男15例,女8例;年龄20~63(43.0±5.1)岁;受伤至手术时间23~101(47.0±10.5) d。骨折按Letournel-Judet分型:后壁骨折11例,横行伴后壁骨折7例,后柱伴后壁骨折5例;所有患者采用单一Kocher-Langenbeck入路行组合式接骨板内固定,记录术中、术后及随访时观察评定指标。结果:23例患者手术时间(113.5±11.5) min,术中出血(550.0±104.7) ml,术中透视(12.7±0.8) s。采用Matta放射学复位评定标准:优14例,良7例,差2例;23例患者均获得10~24(16.0±5.6)个月随访,末次随访根据改良Merle d’Aubingne和Postel评分系统评定髋关节功能:优11例,良8例,可3例,差1例。术后发生创伤性关节炎3例,股骨头坏死1例,异位骨化2例,坐骨神经刺激征5例。结论:3D打印技术进行术前模拟联合组合式接骨板坚强固定,是一种有效、快捷治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折的手术方法。此外,打印模型能够为术者提供三维立体形态结构,结合术前模拟,便于术中复位,有效提高了手术效率。 相似文献
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《Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma》2019,10(5):890-895
IntroductionPelvic/acetabular fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and cost to the society. We sought to utilize a national surgical database to assess the incidence and factors associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS), non-home discharge destination, 30-day adverse events and readmissions following surgical fixation of pelvic/acetabular fractures.Materials & methodsThe 2011–2016 ACS-NSQIP database files were queried using CPT codes (27215, 27217, 27218, 27226, 27227, 27228) for patients undergoing open reduction/internal fixation (ORIF) for pelvic/acetabular fractures. Patients undergoing additional procedures for associated fractures (vertebral fractures, distal radius/ulna fractures or femoral neck/hip fractures) were excluded from the analysis to ensure that a relevant population of patients with isolated pelvic/acetabular injuries were included in the analysis. A total of 572 patients were included in the final cohort. Severe adverse events (SAE) were defined as: death, ventilator use >48 h, unplanned intubation, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, sepsis, septic shock, re-operation, deep SSI and organ/space SSI. Minor adverse events (MAE) included – wound dehiscence, superficial SSI, urinary tract infection (UTI) and progressive renal insufficiency. An extended LOS was defined as >75th centile (>9days).ResultsFactors associated with AAE were partially dependent functional health status pre-operatively (p = 0.020), transfusion ≥1 unit of packed RBCs (p = 0.001), and ASA > II (p < 0.001). Experiencing a SAE was associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) pre-operatively [p = 0.005), total operative time >140 min (p = 0.034) and Hct <36 pre-operatively (p = 0.003). MAE was associated with transfusion≥1 unit of packed RBCs (p = 0.022) and ASA > II (p = 0.007). Patients with an ASA > II (p = 0.001), total operative time>140 min (p < 0.001) and Hct <36 (p = 0.006) were more likely to have a LOS >9 days. Male gender (p = 0.026), prior history of CHF (p = 0.024), LOS >9 days (p = 0.030) and >10% bodyweight loss in last 6 months before the procedure (p = 0.002) were predictors of 30-day mortality.ConclusionPatients with ASA grade > II, greater co-morbidity burden and prolonged operative times were likely to experience adverse events and have a longer length of stay. Surgeons can utilize this data to risk stratify patients so that appropriate pre-operative and post-operative medical optimization can take place. 相似文献
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Katie Magoon Claire Beamish Nadia Dowshen Aletha Akers 《Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology》2019,32(6):612-614
Study ObjectiveLong-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are the most effective form of pregnancy prevention for sexually active adolescents, yet usage rates are low. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandated insurers cover LARCs without cost-sharing. Compliance with this policy is not well documented. This study assessed LARC coverage by insurers in a large pediatric health system.Design, Setting, Participants, and InterventionsBetween June and August 2016, LARC coverage was assessed through content reviews of insurance Web sites, formularies, and summaries of benefits for all Pennsylvania Medicaid plans and the top 20 commercial insurers for a large pediatric health system.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was adherence to the ACA mandate for LARC coverage without cost-sharing.ResultsAmong the 37 plans (17 public, 20 private), 21 (56.8%) were adherent and 16 (43.2%) were nonadherent. Among nonadherent plans, 3 plans covered LARC services but required cost-sharing, whereas 13 did not cover LARC services at all. There was not a statistically significant difference in LARC coverage between public and private plans.ConclusionDespite the landmark ACA mandate, insurance coverage of LARCs in pediatric hospitals is low for young women among private and public insurers. Insurer failure to adhere to the ACA among pediatric patients represents a barrier to LARC access for those at high risk of unintended pregnancy. 相似文献