Occupational exposure of deck crews to carcinogenic agents on crude oil tankers

Occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents on the decks on six Norwegian crude oil tankers was examined in five harbors. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the need for improving the working environment on deck on these tankers. Technical arrangments and the work itself on the deck were observed during loading or unloading. Occupational monitoring was performed by active sampling of benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some aldehydes. The crew answered a questionnaire concerning their work, use of protective equipment, and occurrence of acute symptoms. The levels of air-borne carcinogenic agents were low, probably due to closed loading systems on all tankers. However, the seamen reported discomfort during the work that may be related to other chemical agents in the cargo. The seamen were frequently painting with lead chromate paint without using personal protective equipment. This type of chemical exposure should be evaluated.     

AF椎弓根固定技术治疗骨质疏松伴胸腰椎骨折脱位疗效分析

目的探讨AF椎弓根固定技术治疗骨质疏松伴胸腰椎骨折脱位效果。方法回顾分析29例患者术前术后临床及影像学资料和随访结果,测量矢状指数、椎体压缩高度、后凸畸形Cobb角,评估植骨融合的远期治疗效果。结果术后随访3-48个月,骨折复位满意,椎体高度矢状径指数从伤前的41%恢复到术后的92%,未发生螺钉断裂或脱出现象。22例二次术后18个月取出内固定后随访12-36个月,椎体高度矢状径指数为91%,X线片未见后凸加重或变形,未出现再次塌陷。结论骨质疏松伴胸腰椎骨折脱位应采用综合治疗,有效的椎弓根复位固定技术、撬拨复位恢复椎体高度及充足可靠的植骨融合技术是保持良好疗效的关键。     

双歧杆菌QJ 405和乳酸杆菌QJ 405的生物学特征及鉴定

目的：观察从健康核潜艇艇员正常粪便中分离出的双歧杆菌QJ405和乳酸杆菌QJ405的生物学特征,判定其是否符合益生菌要求。方法：分析细菌的形态学和生理生化特征。采用数值分类法（API20A）的化学分类法（气相色谱分析）进行种属鉴定。抗生素敏感试验采用ATB法。结果：两株菌分别鉴定为长双杆菌和唾液乳酸杆菌唾液亚种,两菌代谢发酵碳水化合物均可产生大量乙酸、乳酸,对多种抗生素表现敏感。结论：双歧杆菌QJ405和乳酸杆菌QJ405的来源和部分生物活性符合益生菌的要求。     

Flight crew physical fitness: a baseline analysis

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether flight crew personnel are physically fit in comparison to published standards for the average American adult. SETTING: The study group consisted of pilots, paramedics and nurses in two similarly configured and geographically located rotor-wing air medical transport programs. METHODS: A physical fitness assessment of flight crew members was conducted. The results were compared with published standards for average adult males and females (AVG). Percentage of fat in body composition (FM%), aerobic fitness (VO2MAX), muscular endurance (ME), muscular strength (MS) and flexibility (FL) measurements were obtained using accepted testing methods. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 29 male and 21 female individuals. The following were their mean scores. Males averaged: pFAT = 19% (AVG = 20.0%); VO2MAX = 41.0 (AVG = 42.5); ME = 37.0 (AVG = 28.5); MS = 125.0 (AVG = 86.5); FL = 5.2 (AVG = 1.4); Females averaged: pFAT = 28.0% (AVG = 26.5%); VO2MAX (AVG = 34.0); ME = 27.0 (AVG = 21.0); MS = 83.0 (AVG = 76.5); FL = 4.5 (AVG = 3.4). CONCLUSION: These baseline data suggest the study population of air medical flight crew was physically fit compared to the average American adult.     

舰艇环境对舰员心理功能和神经行为的影响

探讨封闭型舰艇环境对舰员心理功能和神经行为的影响。方法 采用微机化神经行为评价系统和症状自评量表对封闭型水面舰艇舰员进行了测试,并以开放型水面舰艇舰员为对照。结果 封闭型舰艇人员符号译码成绩明显低于开放型舰艇人员,并出现类似“空调病”的症状。结论封闭型舰艇环境能危害舰员的心理健康,负离子浓度低为重要的环境因素,应改进通风。     

团体干预法对公交司售人员控烟知识态度与行为影响

目的探讨团体控烟干预对公交司售人员控烟知识、态度与行为的影响。方法采用包括成立领导机构、出台内部管理办法、创造控烟氛围、培训知识、主题研讨、提供戒烟帮助、典型经验会等综合措施对襄阳市公交公司进行团体控烟干预研究。结果干预6个月前后,364名调查对象知识得分分别为(45.1±6.7)分和(70.6±7.2)分,态度认知率分别为68.9%和86.3%,吸烟率前后分别为68.0%和32.7%,经t检验、χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过团体干预实施,有效的提高了司售人员的控烟知识水平,增强了控烟积极性,即时干预吸烟率有了明显下降,团体干预方法值得推广。     

舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷的编制

目的考察舰艇人员心理应激源的类型及其对人员心理的影响,编制《舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷》,为制订针对性干预措施提供依据。方法在文献检索、专家访谈和半结构式问卷调查的基础上,编制初测问卷,对初测数据(n=251)进行探索性因素分析及信度、效度检验。结果该问卷包括舰艇环境、家庭、工作关系与领导风格4个因子,共54个项目。经检验,其信度系数均在0.8以上,问卷各因子得分与问卷总分相关系数在0.743~0.956之间(P0.01)。结论该问卷达到了心理测量学的要求,可用于舰艇人员心理应激的测量。     

Team communication in the operating room

Good communication is vital for safe patient care and good team functioning, not only in the Operating Room but also in all areas of healthcare, as well as in other safety critical industries. Examples from aviation demonstrate both the failures and the successes that can arise from poor and excellent communication. There are six components of effective teamwork: situational awareness, problem identification, decision making, workload distribution, time management and conflict resolution. Practising these, and self-evaluation of team communication, should help to improve team function and contribute to making patient care safer.     

Improving patient safety using the sterile cockpit principle during medication administration: a collaborative,unit-based project

Aim To implement the sterile cockpit principle to decrease interruptions and distractions during high volume medication administration and reduce the number of medication errors. Background While some studies have described the importance of reducing interruptions as a tactic to reduce medication errors, work is needed to assess the impact on patient outcomes. Methods Data regarding the type and frequency of distractions were collected during the first 11 weeks of implementation. Medication error rates were tracked 1 year before and after 1 year implementation. Results Simple regression analysis showed a decrease in the mean number of distractions, (β = −0.193, P = 0.02) over time. The medication error rate decreased by 42.78% (P = 0.04) after implementation of the sterile cockpit principle. Conclusions The use of crew resource management techniques, including the sterile cockpit principle, applied to medication administration has a significant impact on patient safety. Implications for nursing management Applying the sterile cockpit principle to inpatient medical units is a feasible approach to reduce the number of distractions during the administration of medication, thus, reducing the likelihood of medication error. ‘Do Not Disturb’ signs and vests are inexpensive, simple interventions that can be used as reminders to decrease distractions.