2011—2020年呼和浩特市流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析

目的 分析呼和浩特市2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行病学特征,为制定有针对性防控措施提供参考依据。方法 对呼和浩特市2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎的发病数据进行监测分析,描述其分布及趋势。 呼和浩特市2011—2020年共报告流腮病例6 176例,年均发病率20.60/10万,其中2012年发病率最高为40.17/10万,2020年发病率最低为7.08/10万,2012年和2020年发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=717.641,P<0.001),10年间流腮发病呈波动下降趋势。流腮发病具有明显季节性,11月至次年1月和4—7月出现2个发病高峰。年龄分布以儿童和青少年为主,占总病例数60.83%。流腮病例最多人群是学生,占总病例数的61.08%。 流腮暴发疫情主要发生在中小学校,应加强儿童入托、入学预防接种证查验和流腮疫苗查漏补种工作,必要时开展6～15岁学生为目标人群的应急接种。     

运动对骨质疏松的影响

本研究对运动影响骨质疏松的机制,运动对骨代谢、骨生物力学、骨密度的影响的研究现状与进展进行综述,可为骨质疏松症的预防和治疗提供理论参考资料。     

内蒙古地区学生肥胖现状及影响因素分析

  目的  了解内蒙古地区学生肥胖现状及其与饮食、运动、心理等方面的关系,为制定该地区学生肥胖干预措施提供科学依据。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取内蒙古自治区全部12个盟市、103个旗县区的186 649名学生。按中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准对调查对象进行分组,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型筛选肥胖有关因素。  结果  学生总体肥胖率为18.54%,男生肥胖率为22.04%,女生为14.99%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,监测点(OR=0.79)、性别(OR=0.61)、每日吃油炸食品次数(OR=1.08)、每周每日运动超过60 min＞2 d(OR=0.89)、是否每天吃早餐(OR=0.86)、每日喝饮料次数(OR=1.12)、吸烟(OR=0.87)、饮酒(OR=1.07)、每日吃水果次数(OR=1.07)、每日看电视≥2 h(OR=1.06)、睡眠时间(OR=0.93)以及学段可能与学生肥胖有关(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  内蒙古地区学生总体肥胖率较高,学生肥胖的发生与饮食运动行为、生活习惯及心理因素有关。应采取针对性干预措施控制学生肥胖的发生。     

Prediction impact curve is a new measure integrating intervention effects in the evaluation of risk models

ObjectiveWe propose a new measure of assessing the performance of risk models, the area under the prediction impact curve (auPIC), which quantifies the performance of risk models in terms of their average health impact in the population.Study Design and SettingUsing simulated data, we explain how the prediction impact curve (PIC) estimates the percentage of events prevented when a risk model is used to assign high-risk individuals to an intervention. We apply the PIC to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study to illustrate its application toward prevention of coronary heart disease.ResultsWe estimated that if the ARIC cohort received statins at baseline, 5% of events would be prevented when the risk model was evaluated at a cutoff threshold of 20% predicted risk compared to 1% when individuals were assigned to the intervention without the use of a model. By calculating the auPIC, we estimated that an average of 15% of events would be prevented when considering performance across the entire interval.ConclusionWe conclude that the PIC is a clinically meaningful measure for quantifying the expected health impact of risk models that supplements existing measures of model performance.     

Immune Deficiency Does Not Increase Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reoperation Rates

IntroductionImmunocompromised patients are postulated to have higher rates of post-operative infection. We sought to determine if inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) reoperation rates (due to infection, erosion, device malfunction or patient dissatisfaction) are higher among immunocompromised men.MethodsWe analyzed men who underwent initial IPP insertion from 2000 to 2016 in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. Immunocompromised patients were propensity-score matched in a 1:3 fashion with immunocompetent patients. We estimated and compared reoperation rates (including removal, reoperation due to infection, revision, or replacement of an IPP after an index procedure) at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year and 3 years of follow up between immunocompromised men and controls by performing a Kaplan Meier analysis and Log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazards models were built to examine the overall association between immune deficient status and the risk of reoperation.Main Outcome MeasureReoperation rate and time to reoperation after index IPP placement.ResultsA total of 245 immunocompromised patients who received an initial IPP between 2000 and 2016 were identified. After propensity score matching, we analyzed 235 immunocompromised men and 705 controls. There was no difference in overall reoperation rates between immunocompromised men and controls within any time period assessed (30 days, 90 days, 1 year, or 3 years). In our Cox proportional hazards model, the hazards of overall reoperation, removal, or revision/replacement (HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.74–1.67], HR 1.58 [95% CI 0.90–2.79)], and HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.47–1.45], respectively) were not significant different between immunocompromised men and controls. Reoperation due to infection was also not significantly different between immunocompromised and immunocompetent men (HR 2.06 [95% CI 0.97–4.40]).Strengths & LimitationsThis study is strengthened by its size as the largest cohort of immunocompromised men treated with IPP to date in the literature, but is limited by the retrospective nature of the database which may introduce selection bias and by the low event rate for IPP reoperation.ConclusionsReoperation rates, including those due to infection, are not significantly different between immunocompromised men and immunocompetent controls. Therefore, immune status in appropriately selected candidates does not appear to place patients at substantially higher risk of explant or revision.Gaffney CD, Fainberg J, Aboukhshaba A, et al. Immune Deficiency Does Not Increase Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reoperation Rates. J Sex Med 2021;18:1427–1433.     

Rapid development of microsatellite markers for the critically endangered Saiga (Saiga tatarica) using Illumina® Miseq next generation sequencing technology

We developed 17 variable microsatellite markers for the threatened Saiga antelope. Using one Illumina Miseq lane resulted in 105,948 unique fragments containing a microsatellite motif. Eighty-one ordered primer pairs resulted in 26 analyzable fragments, of which 17 markers showed variability in at least one population from Kazakhstan. Number of alleles ranged from 2 to 11 and values of heterozygosity varied from 0.08 to 0.91 (H_O) and 0.08 to 0.88 (H_E). The markers are currently used to delineate conservation units and to help understanding annual migration dynamics in this species.     

内蒙阿盟斑点热群立克次体Ha—91株的分离与鉴定

我们于1991年从内蒙阿盟亚东璃眼蜱分离到一株斑点热群(SFG)立克次体,命名为Ha-91株。免疫荧光法及蛋白免疫印迹分析表明Ha-91株立克次体与西伯利亚立克次体抗原性相近,但不完全相同;明显不同于其它种班点热群立克次体。这是首次证实亚东璃眼蜱为SFG立克次体的贮存宿主,也是首次从内蒙发现抗原性与西伯利亚立克次体不完全相同的SFG立克次体。     

含酮替芬的罂粟碱保存液对静脉“桥”血管保护机制的研究

目的研究含富马酸酮替芬的罂粟碱保存液对冠脉旁路移植术静脉"桥"血管内皮细胞粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)和血管内皮素-1(ET-1)表达的影响。方法收集行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗且大隐静脉(GSV)无病变患者术后剩余GSV20个标本。分别保存在常规罂粟碱液及含富马酸酮替芬的罂粟碱液中各1小时。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测GSV中ICAM-1、ET-1表达情况。结果含富马酸酮替芬的罂粟碱液组ICAM-1[(32.20±7.70)ng/ml vs.(36.69±5.75)ng/ml]、ET-1[(21.10±7.30)ng/ml vs.(21.69±7.71)ng/ml]表达均低于常规罂粟碱保存液组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论体外含富马酸酮替芬的罂粟碱液保存液可以抑制静脉桥ICAM-1、ET-1的表达,有保护静脉桥血管的作用。     

纺锤体动粒相关复合体-1（SKA1）促进葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞增殖的分子机制研究

目的　研究纺锤体动粒相关复合体-1（SKA1）促进葡萄膜黑色素瘤（UM）细胞增殖的分子机制。方法　利用SKA1敲减及空载体慢病毒感染MUM-2B细胞分别作为SKA1敲减组和对照组,再以MTT法、流式细胞术及Caspase-3/7法检测各组细胞增殖、凋亡表型的变化;利用基因表达谱芯片筛选差异基因,KEGG富集分析探寻SKA1促进UM发生发展的潜在信号通路,再以Western blot检测信号通路中关键蛋白的表达变化;利用TCGA数据库UM样本RNA测序及随访数据,分析SKA1表达与预后的关系。结果　与对照组相比,SKA1敲减组细胞培养3 d、4 d、5 d的光密度均显著降低（均为P<0.01）,而凋亡细胞比例及Caspase-3/7活性均显著增加（均为P<0.01）。KEGG富集分析显示,差异基因富集于P53信号通路。Western blot检测结果证实,SKA1敲减后,P53通路中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP3)的表达显著下降（P<0.05）。SKA1高表达患者总生存率下降（P=0.021,HR=2.55,95%CI:0.92~7.05）。结论　SKA1通过P53/IGFBP3信号通路促进UM细胞增殖,而且SKA1高表达是影响UM患者预后的危险因素。